The 2001 Bhuj earthquake in Gujarat, India caused widespread destruction, killing over 20,000 people and leaving over 3 million homeless. The magnitude 7.7 earthquake destroyed 90% of buildings in the city of Bhuj and damaged infrastructure across western Gujarat. International relief arrived to assist survivors amid the devastation, while the government and NGOs coordinated reconstruction efforts, building over 200,000 disaster-resistant homes to replace those destroyed.
Earthquake causes and safety measurementsM Aamer Raza
The document discusses earthquake engineering concepts. It provides information on group members, defines key earthquake terms like focus, epicenter and fault lines. It describes the causes of earthquakes including surface causes, volcanic causes and tectonic plate movement. It explains different types of seismic waves and how the Richter scale is used to measure earthquake magnitudes. Construction techniques to resist earthquakes are also summarized like using shear walls, bracing, dampers, base isolation and light weight materials.
This document provides information about earthquakes and earthquake disaster management. It defines what an earthquake is, discusses the causes of earthquakes including tectonic and volcanic causes. It describes earthquake terms like focus, epicenter, magnitude, intensity. It discusses the different types of faults and seismic waves generated by earthquakes. The document also provides safety tips during and after an earthquake and summarizes some historical earthquakes in India.
This presentation gives detailed information about earthquake , its types , waves , faults , especially in asian countries .A detailed case study of earthquake In NEPAL in 2015 is also covered in this with pictures . Also how it is measured and its warning system , vulnerability, deployment and future aspects has been covered .
HOPE YOU LIKE IT AND GET FULL INFORMATION!!!!!
Earthquakes are common in India due to the collision of the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates forming the Himalayan mountains. Some major earthquakes include the 1993 Latur earthquake that killed over 10,000 people, and the 1991 Uttarkashi earthquake along the Main Central Thrust fault. Studying earthquakes created by reservoirs, such as at Koyna, provides insights into how stress changes can trigger seismic activity. Public education efforts have increased awareness of earthquakes in India following destructive events and new monitoring technologies.
The document discusses earthquakes, including their causes, types of seismic waves produced, measurement on the Richter scale, potential hazards caused by earthquakes like landslides, fires, liquefaction, tsunamis and floods. It also discusses methods of earthquake prediction and safety precautions to take during an earthquake based on one's location.
This report contains the brief introduction to earthquake,its effect,causes etc..
And case study of kuchha(bhuj),Gujarat Earthquake on 26th january,2001
An earthquake results from the release of stress between tectonic plates underneath the earth's surface. The earth's crust is divided into major and minor tectonic plates that move slowly over time. When the plates shift violently, it causes shaking at the earth's surface known as an earthquake. During an earthquake, it is important to take cover under sturdy furniture and hold on until the shaking stops if indoors. If outside, move away from buildings, trees, power lines, and other hazards. After an earthquake, assess the area for damage and injuries but avoid damaged structures. The government of India has established policies around earthquake preparedness, response, and management to increase disaster resilience.
The 2001 Gujarat earthquake occurred on January 26, 2001 in India with a magnitude of 7.7. The epicenter was near the village of Chobari in Gujarat. It killed over 20,000 people, injured 167,000, and destroyed nearly 400,000 homes. The earthquake was particularly devastating in Bhuj, located close to the epicenter, where it destroyed around 40% of homes, schools, hospitals and roads. The earthquake caused massive damage throughout Gujarat and left over 600,000 people homeless. It was one of India's worst natural disasters.
Earthquake causes and safety measurementsM Aamer Raza
The document discusses earthquake engineering concepts. It provides information on group members, defines key earthquake terms like focus, epicenter and fault lines. It describes the causes of earthquakes including surface causes, volcanic causes and tectonic plate movement. It explains different types of seismic waves and how the Richter scale is used to measure earthquake magnitudes. Construction techniques to resist earthquakes are also summarized like using shear walls, bracing, dampers, base isolation and light weight materials.
This document provides information about earthquakes and earthquake disaster management. It defines what an earthquake is, discusses the causes of earthquakes including tectonic and volcanic causes. It describes earthquake terms like focus, epicenter, magnitude, intensity. It discusses the different types of faults and seismic waves generated by earthquakes. The document also provides safety tips during and after an earthquake and summarizes some historical earthquakes in India.
This presentation gives detailed information about earthquake , its types , waves , faults , especially in asian countries .A detailed case study of earthquake In NEPAL in 2015 is also covered in this with pictures . Also how it is measured and its warning system , vulnerability, deployment and future aspects has been covered .
HOPE YOU LIKE IT AND GET FULL INFORMATION!!!!!
Earthquakes are common in India due to the collision of the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates forming the Himalayan mountains. Some major earthquakes include the 1993 Latur earthquake that killed over 10,000 people, and the 1991 Uttarkashi earthquake along the Main Central Thrust fault. Studying earthquakes created by reservoirs, such as at Koyna, provides insights into how stress changes can trigger seismic activity. Public education efforts have increased awareness of earthquakes in India following destructive events and new monitoring technologies.
The document discusses earthquakes, including their causes, types of seismic waves produced, measurement on the Richter scale, potential hazards caused by earthquakes like landslides, fires, liquefaction, tsunamis and floods. It also discusses methods of earthquake prediction and safety precautions to take during an earthquake based on one's location.
This report contains the brief introduction to earthquake,its effect,causes etc..
And case study of kuchha(bhuj),Gujarat Earthquake on 26th january,2001
An earthquake results from the release of stress between tectonic plates underneath the earth's surface. The earth's crust is divided into major and minor tectonic plates that move slowly over time. When the plates shift violently, it causes shaking at the earth's surface known as an earthquake. During an earthquake, it is important to take cover under sturdy furniture and hold on until the shaking stops if indoors. If outside, move away from buildings, trees, power lines, and other hazards. After an earthquake, assess the area for damage and injuries but avoid damaged structures. The government of India has established policies around earthquake preparedness, response, and management to increase disaster resilience.
The 2001 Gujarat earthquake occurred on January 26, 2001 in India with a magnitude of 7.7. The epicenter was near the village of Chobari in Gujarat. It killed over 20,000 people, injured 167,000, and destroyed nearly 400,000 homes. The earthquake was particularly devastating in Bhuj, located close to the epicenter, where it destroyed around 40% of homes, schools, hospitals and roads. The earthquake caused massive damage throughout Gujarat and left over 600,000 people homeless. It was one of India's worst natural disasters.
A natural vibration of the ground or the earth crust produced by forces is called earthquake or seismic forces.
An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another.
The document summarizes information about the 2001 Gujarat earthquake in India. It describes key details of the earthquake including the date, location, magnitude, and damages. Over 18,600 people were killed and extensive damage occurred across many districts in Gujarat state. Infrastructure like buildings, bridges, and dams suffered significant collapse or damage. The earthquake also caused widespread liquefaction that impacted areas near the coast. Retrofitting of vulnerable structures was needed to improve earthquake resistance.
The document discusses earthquakes, including their causes, types, effects, and measurement. Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of stress along faults within the earth's crust. They can be shallow, mid-focus, or deep, and cause both primary (P) waves and secondary (S) waves. The magnitude and intensity of quakes are measured using the Richter scale and Mercalli scale, respectively. Major quakes frequently occur at plate boundaries and have caused widespread damage throughout history.
The document summarizes information about the 2001 Bhuj earthquake in Gujarat, India. It provides details about the location, magnitude, damage, response efforts, and reconstruction after the 7.7 magnitude earthquake struck near Bhuj on January 26, 2001. Over 20,000 people were killed, 167,000 injured, and hundreds of thousands were left homeless due to the widespread destruction of buildings and infrastructure across several districts. Both international aid organizations and the Indian government responded immediately with search and rescue, relief supplies, and long term recovery and rebuilding programs.
Causes, Effects and Precautions against Earthquakesaqlain_01
1. Earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates deep below the Earth's surface. As the plates shift and grind against each other, they release energy in the form of seismic waves.
2. Major earthquakes can cause widespread damage to infrastructure like buildings, bridges and dams, resulting in loss of life and property. They can also trigger secondary hazards such as landslides, tsunamis and fires.
3. Pakistan is prone to earthquakes, with major fault lines running along its western border. Some of the deadliest quakes in the country's history include the 2005 Kashmir earthquake that killed over 80,000 people and the 2013 Balochistan earthquake that killed 825.
The key factors that influence how hazardous an earthquake can be are:
1. The magnitude of the earthquake, with larger earthquakes causing more damage.
2. The distance from the earthquake's epicenter, with those closer experiencing greater shaking.
3. The population density of the affected area, increasing risks to human life and infrastructure in more populated locations.
4. The level of preparedness, as damage is reduced when populations have taken measures to prepare for earthquakes.
1. A massive 9.3 magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia on December 26, 2004, triggering a devastating tsunami across the Indian Ocean.
2. The tsunami waves reached heights of over 30 meters in some areas of Indonesia and over 10 meters in many other places. Over 230,000 people were killed or went missing across 14 countries.
3. Countries around the Indian Ocean have worked to establish tsunami early warning systems and increase public education to help save lives from future events, but the 2004 tsunami highlighted the massive destruction such an event can cause.
On January 26, 2001 a magnitude 7.7 earthquake struck near Bhuj, Gujarat, India. The earthquake caused widespread damage, with over 20,000 fatalities and 167,000 injuries. Entire villages were destroyed and infrastructure such as hospitals and industries were severely damaged. Ground motions were estimated to be over 0.6g near the epicenter. Studies of the aftershocks found two dominant fault trends and the main shock is believed to have reactivated the Kutch Mainland Fault due to compressional stresses. The earthquake highlighted the vulnerability of structures in the region, which were not designed for earthquake resistance.
1) The document discusses earthquake risk management in Bhuj, Gujarat and provides information about the 2001 Bhuj earthquake.
2) The 2001 Bhuj earthquake registered a magnitude of 7.7, killed 19,727 people, injured 166,000, and caused $5.5 billion in damages by destroying 40,000 homes.
3) The document outlines various strategies for earthquake preparedness, protection, and response to help mitigate earthquake risks and damages.
Presentation with case study on earhquake JatinAggrawal
The earthquake in Gujarat, India on January 26, 2001 caused widespread damage and loss of life. Major structural defects like floating columns, pounding, soft first stories, and asymmetry contributed to building failures. Over 19,000 people died, especially in the worst-hit areas of Bhuj and Bhachau. Key infrastructure and cultural monuments were destroyed. Lessons learned can help improve earthquake resiliency through better engineering practices.
The document provides information about earthquakes, including what causes them, how they are measured, and effects. It discusses that earthquakes are caused by movements within the earth's crust along faults. They produce different types of seismic waves that can be measured to determine the earthquake's location, size, and intensity. Larger earthquakes can cause significant damage through ground shaking and secondary effects like tsunamis or landslides. Predicting earthquakes precisely remains difficult, but changes in animal behavior, groundwater levels, and other factors may provide some warning. The document also offers safety tips during earthquakes.
Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy in the earth's crust that generates seismic waves. The location within the earth where rupture first occurs is known as the focus or hypocenter, while the point on the surface directly above is called the epicenter. Different types of seismic waves travel through the earth's interior or along its surface, causing shaking and damage. By measuring the arrival times of these waves at multiple seismograph stations, scientists can determine the epicenter location. Earthquakes are measured on the Richter scale by magnitude or the Mercalli scale by observed intensity. India experiences frequent earthquakes and is divided into different seismic zones based on risk levels. Major quakes have caused widespread destruction and loss of life in
Disaster Management Earthquake by ujjwal patelUjjwal Patel
This document provides information about earthquakes and disaster management. It defines an earthquake as the sudden release of energy in the earth's crust that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes are caused by movements in tectonic plates and faults in the earth's surface. Disaster management involves preparing for disasters, emergency response during disasters, and recovery after disasters. The effects of earthquakes can include loss of life, property damage, and disruption to infrastructure and economic activities. Proper safety measures during and after earthquakes can help reduce risks to people.
This presentation explains about different Seismic Zones Of India.It will help Young civil Engineers, Geologist to know about different earthquake Zones & to plan accordingly civil engineering structures.
- On April 25, 2015 a 7.8 magnitude earthquake struck Nepal, killing over 8,800 people.
- The earthquake had severe economic impacts in Nepal, lowering GDP growth by over 1.5% and pushing hundreds of thousands into poverty.
- Heritage sites, churches, and temples in Kathmandu were heavily damaged or destroyed. Vulnerable groups like women, children, and the elderly suffered disproportionate effects.
- The document outlines Nepal's contingency plan to provide emergency relief, early recovery assistance, and long-term rehabilitation programs to help rebuild after the disaster.
Disaster management Presentation (PPT) by Faisal Faisal Ayub
HI friends..I am Faisal.....this is my PPT of disaster management...some topics like earthquake,flood,drought,human made disaster etc..have been covered and their precaution...feel free to use this....hope u like it..........comment rating out of 10.....thnx
This document discusses planning and management for tsunamis, focusing on the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. It provides an overview of tsunamis, including what they are, their causes and characteristics. It then discusses the impacts of tsunamis, including major historical tsunamis and their effects in India. The document analyzes the areas affected and impacts of the 2004 tsunami in India, particularly in Tamil Nadu. It also examines the local, state and national response and policies related to disaster management and reconstruction in India.
The 2001 Bhuj earthquake in Gujarat, India caused widespread destruction and loss of life. Over 20,000 people were killed and 167,000 injured. Entire districts were destroyed and around 300,000 families were left homeless. The cities of Bhuj and Bhachau were most severely damaged, with over 90% of buildings destroyed in Bhuj. Critical infrastructure like hospitals, roads, and bridges sustained heavy damage. International relief efforts provided emergency aid in search and rescue as well as long-term reconstruction programs.
What is earthquakes? What is the Elastic Rebound Theory?
Seismographs record earthquake events. Where Do Earthquakes Occur and How Often? What are the Destructive Effects of Earthquakes? How are the Size and Strength of an Earthquake Measured? Can Earthquakes be Predicted? Can Earthquakes be Controlled?
Earthquake and Bangladesh:
Overview of Earthquake
Earthquake in Bangladesh
Earthquake probability in Bangladesh
Causes of earthquake in Bangladesh
Earthquake risk in Dhaka
Effects of earthquake in Bangladesh
Earthquake risk mitigation in Bangladesh
Conclusion
Shaking of the earth caused by the sudden displacement of rock blocks along plate boundaries and faults.
Reasons can be natural or human activities. The most common scale used for measuring an earthquake is Richter Scale.
Earthquakes have secondary hazards like flood, landslides, fire, Tsunamis, Liquefaction etc.
Due to the subduction of the Philippine Sea plate beneath the Okinawa plate and Amurian plate, Japan has observed a series of several high-intensity earthquakes.
Death tolls from major event sighted as 255,000 at Tangshan in China 1976.
By its geographical position, Bangladesh is being treated as one very vulnerable country with its high risk of earthquake attack.
Bangladesh is located in a tectonically active much of the country including Chittagong, Sylhet, Dhaka, Rangpur, Bogra, Mymensingh, Comilla, Rajshahi are very much vulnerable to major earthquake disaster.
Bangladesh can be divided into three main earthquake zones:
Zone-1: Sylhet-Mymensingh is with the possible magnitude of 7 on Richter scale.
Zone-2: Chittagong-Comilla-Dhaka and Tangail are with the possible magnitude of 6 on Richter scale.
Zone-3: Rest of the country is with possible magnitude of 6 on Richter scale.
Effects of earthquake in Bangladesh:
Water supply failure as almost all the deep tube wells are run by power, and possible water line damage
Damage of roads and blockage of traffic due to falling of debris from collapsed buildings and other installations on or near roads.
Some of the hospital buildings may collapse killing a large number of inmates and stopping medical facilities for the disaster victims.
Some of the school building may collapse killing and injuring a large number of students
An after shock may cause further collapse of many of the already damaged buildings.
A few rescue equipment whatever is available, can not be operated due to the lack of guidance, availability of operators, some will be non-functional, some will be under the rubbles, some can not find access to rescue spots due to road blockage, etc.
This presentation contains the brief introduction to earthquake,its effect,causes etc..
And case study of kuchha(bhuj),Gujarat Earthquake on 26th january,2001
Earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates underneath the earth's surface. When the plates shift and release stress, seismic waves propagate outward from the epicenter. Scientists measure the intensity of earthquakes using the Richter scale. During an earthquake, it is important to drop, cover, and hold on underneath sturdy furniture to protect oneself from falling debris.
A natural vibration of the ground or the earth crust produced by forces is called earthquake or seismic forces.
An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another.
The document summarizes information about the 2001 Gujarat earthquake in India. It describes key details of the earthquake including the date, location, magnitude, and damages. Over 18,600 people were killed and extensive damage occurred across many districts in Gujarat state. Infrastructure like buildings, bridges, and dams suffered significant collapse or damage. The earthquake also caused widespread liquefaction that impacted areas near the coast. Retrofitting of vulnerable structures was needed to improve earthquake resistance.
The document discusses earthquakes, including their causes, types, effects, and measurement. Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of stress along faults within the earth's crust. They can be shallow, mid-focus, or deep, and cause both primary (P) waves and secondary (S) waves. The magnitude and intensity of quakes are measured using the Richter scale and Mercalli scale, respectively. Major quakes frequently occur at plate boundaries and have caused widespread damage throughout history.
The document summarizes information about the 2001 Bhuj earthquake in Gujarat, India. It provides details about the location, magnitude, damage, response efforts, and reconstruction after the 7.7 magnitude earthquake struck near Bhuj on January 26, 2001. Over 20,000 people were killed, 167,000 injured, and hundreds of thousands were left homeless due to the widespread destruction of buildings and infrastructure across several districts. Both international aid organizations and the Indian government responded immediately with search and rescue, relief supplies, and long term recovery and rebuilding programs.
Causes, Effects and Precautions against Earthquakesaqlain_01
1. Earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates deep below the Earth's surface. As the plates shift and grind against each other, they release energy in the form of seismic waves.
2. Major earthquakes can cause widespread damage to infrastructure like buildings, bridges and dams, resulting in loss of life and property. They can also trigger secondary hazards such as landslides, tsunamis and fires.
3. Pakistan is prone to earthquakes, with major fault lines running along its western border. Some of the deadliest quakes in the country's history include the 2005 Kashmir earthquake that killed over 80,000 people and the 2013 Balochistan earthquake that killed 825.
The key factors that influence how hazardous an earthquake can be are:
1. The magnitude of the earthquake, with larger earthquakes causing more damage.
2. The distance from the earthquake's epicenter, with those closer experiencing greater shaking.
3. The population density of the affected area, increasing risks to human life and infrastructure in more populated locations.
4. The level of preparedness, as damage is reduced when populations have taken measures to prepare for earthquakes.
1. A massive 9.3 magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia on December 26, 2004, triggering a devastating tsunami across the Indian Ocean.
2. The tsunami waves reached heights of over 30 meters in some areas of Indonesia and over 10 meters in many other places. Over 230,000 people were killed or went missing across 14 countries.
3. Countries around the Indian Ocean have worked to establish tsunami early warning systems and increase public education to help save lives from future events, but the 2004 tsunami highlighted the massive destruction such an event can cause.
On January 26, 2001 a magnitude 7.7 earthquake struck near Bhuj, Gujarat, India. The earthquake caused widespread damage, with over 20,000 fatalities and 167,000 injuries. Entire villages were destroyed and infrastructure such as hospitals and industries were severely damaged. Ground motions were estimated to be over 0.6g near the epicenter. Studies of the aftershocks found two dominant fault trends and the main shock is believed to have reactivated the Kutch Mainland Fault due to compressional stresses. The earthquake highlighted the vulnerability of structures in the region, which were not designed for earthquake resistance.
1) The document discusses earthquake risk management in Bhuj, Gujarat and provides information about the 2001 Bhuj earthquake.
2) The 2001 Bhuj earthquake registered a magnitude of 7.7, killed 19,727 people, injured 166,000, and caused $5.5 billion in damages by destroying 40,000 homes.
3) The document outlines various strategies for earthquake preparedness, protection, and response to help mitigate earthquake risks and damages.
Presentation with case study on earhquake JatinAggrawal
The earthquake in Gujarat, India on January 26, 2001 caused widespread damage and loss of life. Major structural defects like floating columns, pounding, soft first stories, and asymmetry contributed to building failures. Over 19,000 people died, especially in the worst-hit areas of Bhuj and Bhachau. Key infrastructure and cultural monuments were destroyed. Lessons learned can help improve earthquake resiliency through better engineering practices.
The document provides information about earthquakes, including what causes them, how they are measured, and effects. It discusses that earthquakes are caused by movements within the earth's crust along faults. They produce different types of seismic waves that can be measured to determine the earthquake's location, size, and intensity. Larger earthquakes can cause significant damage through ground shaking and secondary effects like tsunamis or landslides. Predicting earthquakes precisely remains difficult, but changes in animal behavior, groundwater levels, and other factors may provide some warning. The document also offers safety tips during earthquakes.
Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy in the earth's crust that generates seismic waves. The location within the earth where rupture first occurs is known as the focus or hypocenter, while the point on the surface directly above is called the epicenter. Different types of seismic waves travel through the earth's interior or along its surface, causing shaking and damage. By measuring the arrival times of these waves at multiple seismograph stations, scientists can determine the epicenter location. Earthquakes are measured on the Richter scale by magnitude or the Mercalli scale by observed intensity. India experiences frequent earthquakes and is divided into different seismic zones based on risk levels. Major quakes have caused widespread destruction and loss of life in
Disaster Management Earthquake by ujjwal patelUjjwal Patel
This document provides information about earthquakes and disaster management. It defines an earthquake as the sudden release of energy in the earth's crust that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes are caused by movements in tectonic plates and faults in the earth's surface. Disaster management involves preparing for disasters, emergency response during disasters, and recovery after disasters. The effects of earthquakes can include loss of life, property damage, and disruption to infrastructure and economic activities. Proper safety measures during and after earthquakes can help reduce risks to people.
This presentation explains about different Seismic Zones Of India.It will help Young civil Engineers, Geologist to know about different earthquake Zones & to plan accordingly civil engineering structures.
- On April 25, 2015 a 7.8 magnitude earthquake struck Nepal, killing over 8,800 people.
- The earthquake had severe economic impacts in Nepal, lowering GDP growth by over 1.5% and pushing hundreds of thousands into poverty.
- Heritage sites, churches, and temples in Kathmandu were heavily damaged or destroyed. Vulnerable groups like women, children, and the elderly suffered disproportionate effects.
- The document outlines Nepal's contingency plan to provide emergency relief, early recovery assistance, and long-term rehabilitation programs to help rebuild after the disaster.
Disaster management Presentation (PPT) by Faisal Faisal Ayub
HI friends..I am Faisal.....this is my PPT of disaster management...some topics like earthquake,flood,drought,human made disaster etc..have been covered and their precaution...feel free to use this....hope u like it..........comment rating out of 10.....thnx
This document discusses planning and management for tsunamis, focusing on the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. It provides an overview of tsunamis, including what they are, their causes and characteristics. It then discusses the impacts of tsunamis, including major historical tsunamis and their effects in India. The document analyzes the areas affected and impacts of the 2004 tsunami in India, particularly in Tamil Nadu. It also examines the local, state and national response and policies related to disaster management and reconstruction in India.
The 2001 Bhuj earthquake in Gujarat, India caused widespread destruction and loss of life. Over 20,000 people were killed and 167,000 injured. Entire districts were destroyed and around 300,000 families were left homeless. The cities of Bhuj and Bhachau were most severely damaged, with over 90% of buildings destroyed in Bhuj. Critical infrastructure like hospitals, roads, and bridges sustained heavy damage. International relief efforts provided emergency aid in search and rescue as well as long-term reconstruction programs.
What is earthquakes? What is the Elastic Rebound Theory?
Seismographs record earthquake events. Where Do Earthquakes Occur and How Often? What are the Destructive Effects of Earthquakes? How are the Size and Strength of an Earthquake Measured? Can Earthquakes be Predicted? Can Earthquakes be Controlled?
Earthquake and Bangladesh:
Overview of Earthquake
Earthquake in Bangladesh
Earthquake probability in Bangladesh
Causes of earthquake in Bangladesh
Earthquake risk in Dhaka
Effects of earthquake in Bangladesh
Earthquake risk mitigation in Bangladesh
Conclusion
Shaking of the earth caused by the sudden displacement of rock blocks along plate boundaries and faults.
Reasons can be natural or human activities. The most common scale used for measuring an earthquake is Richter Scale.
Earthquakes have secondary hazards like flood, landslides, fire, Tsunamis, Liquefaction etc.
Due to the subduction of the Philippine Sea plate beneath the Okinawa plate and Amurian plate, Japan has observed a series of several high-intensity earthquakes.
Death tolls from major event sighted as 255,000 at Tangshan in China 1976.
By its geographical position, Bangladesh is being treated as one very vulnerable country with its high risk of earthquake attack.
Bangladesh is located in a tectonically active much of the country including Chittagong, Sylhet, Dhaka, Rangpur, Bogra, Mymensingh, Comilla, Rajshahi are very much vulnerable to major earthquake disaster.
Bangladesh can be divided into three main earthquake zones:
Zone-1: Sylhet-Mymensingh is with the possible magnitude of 7 on Richter scale.
Zone-2: Chittagong-Comilla-Dhaka and Tangail are with the possible magnitude of 6 on Richter scale.
Zone-3: Rest of the country is with possible magnitude of 6 on Richter scale.
Effects of earthquake in Bangladesh:
Water supply failure as almost all the deep tube wells are run by power, and possible water line damage
Damage of roads and blockage of traffic due to falling of debris from collapsed buildings and other installations on or near roads.
Some of the hospital buildings may collapse killing a large number of inmates and stopping medical facilities for the disaster victims.
Some of the school building may collapse killing and injuring a large number of students
An after shock may cause further collapse of many of the already damaged buildings.
A few rescue equipment whatever is available, can not be operated due to the lack of guidance, availability of operators, some will be non-functional, some will be under the rubbles, some can not find access to rescue spots due to road blockage, etc.
This presentation contains the brief introduction to earthquake,its effect,causes etc..
And case study of kuchha(bhuj),Gujarat Earthquake on 26th january,2001
Earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates underneath the earth's surface. When the plates shift and release stress, seismic waves propagate outward from the epicenter. Scientists measure the intensity of earthquakes using the Richter scale. During an earthquake, it is important to drop, cover, and hold on underneath sturdy furniture to protect oneself from falling debris.
Earthquakes occur along plate boundaries due to the buildup and sudden release of energy from shifting tectonic plates. When plates lock, potential energy builds until released as seismic waves that propagate outward from the earthquake focus. Most earthquakes occur along oceanic and continental plate edges or along faults like normal, reverse, and transform boundaries. P and S waves are the primary seismic waves, with P waves traveling faster and S waves causing the shaking felt during quakes. Earthquake magnitude measures the energy released using the Richter scale, while intensity qualitatively describes the shaking effects on a place using the Mercalli scale.
The 1993 Killari earthquake in Maharashtra, India caused widespread damage, death and destruction across Latur and Osmanabad districts. Over 10,000 people lost their lives when traditional stone and mud structures collapsed. The earthquake had a magnitude of 6.4 and occurred on September 30, 1993 near the village of Killari. In the aftermath, the government provided emergency relief including medical aid, food, water and temporary shelters. Long-term measures involved resettling villages in safer areas and constructing new housing for affected families. The document discusses the earthquake's effects, damage patterns and the response efforts undertaken.
Shri S Ahmed is the Faculty Head of the Disaster Management Centre of the Meghalaya Administrative Training Institute, Shillong. A Retired Engineer, he continues to share his expertise in the filed of Disaster Management. This is one of the Presentations used to spread awareness on the concept of Earthquake Risk Management.
(source: Internet)
PHIVOLCS monitors earthquakes in the Philippines using a network of over 100 seismic stations. Earthquakes are natural occurrences caused by the slow motion of tectonic plates. The Philippines is located in a seismically active area between several plates. PHIVOLCS provides information to the public on earthquake locations, intensities, and issues advisories. Larger earthquakes are inevitable given the Philippines' position between plates and presence of faults.
Earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates. India experiences frequent earthquakes due to its location at the collision point of the Indian and Eurasian plates. India is divided into 4 seismic zones based on expected earthquake intensity. Zone 5 experiences the strongest quakes above MSK intensity IX while Zone 2 experiences the weakest quakes of MSK intensity VI or less. The seismic zoning map is used for earthquake-resistant construction.
The document discusses earthquakes, including their causes, measurement, effects, and zones of risk. Some key points:
- Earthquakes are caused by movement of tectonic plates and faults in rocks. Their magnitude is measured on the Richter Scale and their intensity by the Mercalli scale.
- Seismic waves transmit earthquake energy and are used to locate epicenters. The major earthquake zones are the Pacific Ring of Fire, Alpide Belt, and Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
- India has five seismic zones of risk. Zone V including Kashmir and Northeast India faces the highest risk, while Zone I including parts of central India faces the lowest risk.
Earthquake engineering deals with understanding earthquakes, their causes, and designing structures to withstand earthquake forces. Seismic risk depends on the hazard level, local site conditions like soil type, and the vulnerability of structures. India is divided into four seismic hazard zones, and most large cities have moderate to high hazard levels. The damage from an earthquake at a given location is influenced by local soil conditions, which can amplify ground shaking. A structure's performance depends on both ground motions and its structural characteristics. Vulnerability in India is expected to be very high due to poor building construction practices. Information about hazard levels, site effects, and vulnerability can be combined to assess seismic risk, which remains high in India due to uncertainties and high vulnerability
An earthquake occurs when tectonic plates beneath the earth's surface suddenly move, releasing seismic waves. Earthquakes can cause significant damage through shaking and displacement of the ground, sometimes triggering tsunamis that lead to loss of life and destruction of property. The interactive animation teaches about earthquakes and what to do during one, such as evacuating buildings via emergency stairs or taking shelter under sturdy furniture if unable to exit. The objective is to use the knowledge provided to stay safe in an earthquake scenario.
1) Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy from movement along geological faults in the earth's crust, generating seismic waves.
2) Larger earthquakes can trigger tsunamis if located offshore by displacing seabed, as well as landslides and volcanic eruptions.
3) Earthquake shaking causes loss of life and property destruction from building collapse and landslides burying infrastructure.
This document provides an overview of earthquakes. It begins with a brief history of earthquake studies from ancient times through modern developments in seismology. Key concepts introduced include the location of the hypocenter and epicenter, and the different types of seismic waves generated by earthquakes. The document then discusses the causes of earthquakes in relation to plate tectonics and fault ruptures. Different scales for measuring the intensity and magnitude of earthquakes are presented, including the Mercalli and Richter scales. Locations of historic destructive quakes are also highlighted.
Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of built-up energy along fault lines in the earth's crust. They begin at a focal point below the surface and radiate seismic waves outward. The location directly above the focus on the earth's surface is called the epicenter, which is important for understanding where damage and shaking will be strongest. Earthquakes are measured on the Richter scale, which quantifies the amount of energy released. Areas near fault lines are more susceptible to earthquakes, and the severity of shaking and damage depends on the quake's magnitude, distance from the epicenter, and local geology.
This document provides information about earthquake preparedness and safety. It defines earthquakes and aftershocks, lists associated hazards like fires and landslides, and notes increasing earthquake activity in San Diego County. It offers tips for being prepared like securing heavy objects, identifying safe places to take cover, learning how to shut off gas, and developing a communication plan. Specific guidance is given on checking for hazards, using safe positions during shaking, what to do after an earthquake like checking for fires and injuries, and activating emergency plans. Interactive elements test the reader's knowledge of identifying hazards and safe positions to take during an earthquake.
Disaster management involves dealing with and avoiding both natural and man-made disasters through preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation efforts. It aims to reduce vulnerabilities and impacts through organized and sustained actions to analyze and manage hazards and the underlying risks. Key aspects of disaster management include preparedness before a disaster through activities like risk assessment, warning systems, and stockpiling resources; immediate response efforts during an event; and long-term rehabilitation and reconstruction work after an event to support regrowth. Effective disaster management requires coordination and planning across different levels of government, organizations, and communities.
Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of built-up energy in the Earth's crust. They can cause widespread damage through ground shaking and secondary effects like landslides and tsunamis. The document discusses the causes of earthquakes, different types of seismic waves, zones of seismic activity in India, and safety measures during and after an earthquake. It also summarizes the 2001 Bhuj earthquake in Gujarat, which had a magnitude of 7.7 and caused over 20,000 deaths through the destruction of infrastructure and homes. Proper construction techniques and early warning systems can help reduce risks from earthquakes.
This PowerPoint Presentation (PPT) is a case study of the Bhuj Earthquake 26th January 2001, prepared by my friend Nitin. I'm uploading this PPT inly because it may useful to some one in their study.
The document summarizes information about earthquakes, including:
1) Earthquakes are caused by a sudden release of energy in the earth's crust that creates seismic waves. The effects vary based on magnitude and intensity and can cause widespread destruction.
2) Key terms are defined, such as focus, epicenter, fault lines, and different types of seismic waves.
3) Earthquakes are measured on the Richter scale based on energy released. Different zones in India are classified by seismic activity.
4) Major earthquakes discussed include the 2001 Gujarat earthquake that killed over 20,000 people and left hundreds of thousands homeless.
The 2001 Gujarat earthquake caused widespread destruction, killing over 20,000 people. The earthquake occurred on January 26th near Bhuj, Gujarat with a magnitude of 7.7. The cities of Bhuj and Bhachau were most severely damaged, with over 90% of buildings destroyed in Bhuj. Over 600,000 people were left homeless. The Indian government and relief organizations from around the world provided emergency aid, while long-term reconstruction projects were launched with support from international organizations.
This document summarizes information about earthquakes, including what causes them, how they are measured, and examples of major earthquakes. It begins by defining an earthquake as a sudden release of energy in the earth's crust that creates seismic waves. It then discusses focus, epicenter, fault lines, and fault types. Major causes of earthquakes include surface phenomena, volcanic activity, and tectonic plate movement. The Richter scale is explained for measuring earthquake strength. Details are given on the 2001 Bhuj earthquake in Gujarat, India that caused over 20,000 deaths. Reconstruction efforts are also summarized.
This document provides information about earthquakes, volcanoes, and tornadoes. It begins with an introduction to earthquakes, including their causes, measurement on the Richter scale, effects, and safety precautions. Key details about major earthquakes in India are also given. The document then discusses volcanoes, including the different types (shield, dormant, extinct), causes, and effects. Finally, it covers tornadoes with definitions and descriptions, typical locations, causes, examples of significant tornadoes, and their consequences. Maps and images are included to illustrate concepts.
This powerpoint presentation is for the mechanical engineering as well as civil engineering subject disaster management.
The topic covered is the case study of Bhuj earthquake.
The document discusses earthquakes, including their causes, effects, and notable examples. It explains that earthquakes occur when built-up pressure causes rocks underground to break along faults, releasing energy. Effects can include shaking, tsunamis, landslides, fires, and damage to buildings and infrastructure. The largest recorded earthquakes include the 2004 Sumatra quake and 2005 Kashmir quake. Recent major earthquakes in India are also listed. The ongoing 2015 Nepal earthquake that has caused thousands of deaths is described.
An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is is the shaking of the surface of the Earth, resulting from the sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in size from those that are so weak that they cannot be felt to those violent enough to the people around and destroy whole cities.
The document discusses earthquakes, including what causes them, how they are measured, their effects, and statistics on major earthquakes around the world. Specifically, it defines an earthquake as rapid shaking caused by the sudden release of energy along fault lines. It describes the movement of tectonic plates and how this results in earthquakes. Key points covered include earthquake magnitude scales, the different types of seismic waves generated, and data on some of the largest earthquakes by magnitude and their impacts.
1) Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust from the slow movement of tectonic plates. They generate shock waves that radiate out from the epicenter.
2) Most earthquakes occur along plate boundaries and are measured on the Richter scale. Earthquakes above magnitude 7 can cause widespread damage depending on their depth and location.
3) Different types of seismic waves like P, S, R and L waves are generated by earthquakes and travel through the Earth causing shaking at the surface. Surface waves tend to be more destructive to buildings and infrastructure.
The document discusses the April 2015 Nepal earthquake and its impacts. It describes how the 7.8 magnitude quake killed over 8,800 people and destroyed buildings and infrastructure. Major aftershocks and landslides exacerbated the damage. Hundreds of thousands were left homeless as entire villages were flattened. Centuries-old UNESCO heritage sites were also destroyed.
The document discusses earthquakes, including their causes, measurement, effects, and preparedness. Earthquakes occur due to the sudden release of built-up stress along fault lines in the earth's crust, causing seismic waves. Their magnitude is measured using scales like the Richter scale or moment magnitude scale. Earthquakes can damage infrastructure and the environment through ground shaking and secondary events like tsunamis or landslides. While earthquakes cannot be prevented, preparation through emergency planning and building design can reduce risks.
The document summarizes a presentation about earthquakes given by Habib Shah to Sir Syed Qasim at the University of Balochistan in Quetta. The presentation covered topics such as the definition of an earthquake, types of seismic waves, causes of earthquakes including plate tectonics, effects of earthquakes such as landslides and fires, and examples of major historical earthquakes including the 1960 Chile earthquake. It concluded with recommendations for earthquake preparedness by governments and individuals.
1) An earthquake is caused by a sudden release of energy in the earth's crust that creates seismic waves. 2) There are different types of seismic waves including P waves, S waves, Love waves, and Rayleigh waves that move in different motions. 3) The epicenter of an earthquake can be located using data from at least 3 seismic stations to determine where the P and S waves intersect. 4) Major earthquakes can cause widespread destruction and loss of life depending on their magnitude and proximity to populated areas. 5) Common effects of earthquakes include damage to infrastructure, disruption of basic services, loss of life and property, and economic impacts.
1. An earthquake occurs when built-up tension along fault lines in the Earth's crust is suddenly released, causing the ground to shake.
2. The effects of an earthquake depend on several factors, including its magnitude on the Richter scale, distance from the epicenter, and the level of development in the affected area.
3. The 1995 Kobe earthquake in Japan caused over 30,000 injuries, left over 300,000 homeless as buildings collapsed, and led to long-term economic and social impacts as the city was rebuilt.
This document provides information about earthquakes, including their causes, effects, measurement, and history. It discusses how earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy in the earth's crust along faults and fractures. It describes the different types of seismic waves generated and how the Richter scale is used to measure the strength of earthquakes. Examples are given of some of the worst earthquakes in history that caused massive loss of life. Safety procedures and precautions to take both during and after an earthquake are also outlined.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
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Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
2. Disaster By Turner 1976 Disaster as an event concentrated in time and space which threatens the society or a relatively self-sufficient, sub-division of a society; with major unwanted consequences as a result of pre-cautions which are otherwise considered or unwanted
4. Earthquake? Earthquake is a violent tremor in the earth’s crust, sending out a series of shock waves in all directions from its place of origin or epicenter. For instance, if you throw stone in a pond of still water, series of concentric waves are produced on the surface of water, these waves spread out in all directions from the point where the stone strikes the water similarly, any sudden disturbances in the earth’s crust may produce vibrations in the crust which travel in all directions from point of disturbances. Earthquakes constitute one of the worst natural hazards which often turn into disaster causing widespread destruction and loss to human life. Earthquake risk Seismic risk = hazard x exposure x vulnerability x location
5. Causes of Earthquake Earthquakes are caused by sudden release of energy in rocks. Plates in the form of rocks are moving very slowly and earthquake occur when moving plates grind and scrape against each other. The point at which an earthquake originates is the focus or hypocenter and the point on the earth’s surface; directly above this is epicenter. The study of earthquake is called seismology.
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9. Strength of earthquake The intensity and strength of an earthquake is measured on Richter scale, the scale invented by Charles Richter California, USA in 1935, which categories earthquake on the basis of energy released.
10. The amount of energy released during different categories of Richter scale earthquake as follows: Intensity of earthquake (Richter scale Energy release (amount of TNT) 1.0 170 grams 2.0 6 kilograms 3.0 179 kilograms 4.0 5 metric tons 5.0 179 metric tons 6.0 5643 metric tons 7.0 1,79,100 metric tons 7.5 One megaton 8.0 5,64,300 metric tons
11. Depending upon the frequency and intensity of the earthquakes, the whole country can be divided into three broad seismological zones Himalayan zone The area s most prone to earthquake in India is the Fold Mountains ranges of the Himalayan zone. The states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Bihar, the Bihar- Nepal border and north eastern states. The earthquakes in these zones are primarily due to plate tectonics. The region along the Himalayas where two plates meet is highly earthquake prone and hence known as the zone of maximum intensity
12. The indo-gangetic zone To the south of the Himalayan zone and running parallel it is the indo-gangetic zone. Most of the earthquakes striking this zone are of moderate intensity of 6 to 6.5 on Richter scale. Therefore this zone is called the zone of comparative intensity. The earthquakes along the foothill are of medium to high intensity. However, the earthquakes of this zone are more harmful due to high density of population in this area .
13. The peninsular zone The peninsular India has presumably remained a stable landmass and only few earthquakes have been experienced in this region. This region is, therefore, called the zone of minimum intensity. But the sever earthquakes of Konya (1967), Latur (1993) and Jabalpur (1997) have raised doubts about the seismic stability of this landmass .
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15. Date Place m Scale Set.2 , 1993 Latur (maharashtra) 6.3 Large areas of Maharashtra rocked. 10,000 people lost lives May 22, 1997 Jabalpur (Maharashtra) 6.0 40 person killed and over 100 injured March 29, 1999 Nandprayag 6.8 widespread destruction in chamoli , rudraprayag and other areas. Massive loss of human life Jan. 26 2001 Bhuj (gujrat) 7.8 Tremors left by India and its neighboring countries. Over 1 lakh people killed. Huge loss to property and infrastructure Oct. 8, 2005 Muzzaffarabad in Pakistan occupied Kashmir 7.4 Heavy damage to life and property. Death toll about one lakh in Pakistan and nearly 2000 in India
19. Hazardous Effects of Earthquake - Loss of life and property - Damage to infrastructure - Topographical changes - Damage to transport system i.e. roads, railways, highways, airports, marine. - Chances of fire short-circuit. - Chances of Floods – Dams and Embankments can develop cracks - Chances of outburst of epidemic - Water pipes, sewers are disrupted - Communications such as telephone wires are damaged. - Economic activities like agriculture, industry, trade and transport are severely affected.
20. Earthquake Prediction - Unusual animal behavior - Changes in water level - Temperature change - Large scale fluctuations of oil flow from oil wells - Foreshocks or minor shocks before major earthquake - Changes in seismic wave velocity.
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22. If you are in high rise building - take protection under a desk/table - don’t rush for exits - stay in the building until the shaking stops - don’t use elevator If you are outside - avoid high buildings, walls, power lines and other objects that could fall and create block - don’t run through streets - If possible, move on to an open area away from hazard including trees. If you are in vehicle - stop in a safe and open place - remain inside vehicle - close windows, doors and vents
26. Introduction to Gujarat Gujarat, state, in western India, bordered on the northeast by Rajasthan state, on the east by Madhya Pradesh state, on the southeast by Maharashtra state, on the south and southwest by the Arabian Sea, and on the northwest by Pakistan The state covers an area of 196,024 sq km (The capital is Gandhinagar, on the outskirts of Ahmadabad, the former capital and largest city in the state. The known history of Gujarat dates from about 250 BC. During the 4th and 5th centuries AD, it formed a part of the Gupta empire; it derived its name from the Gurjaras, who ruled the area during the 8th and 9th centuries
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28. Date: Origin line: Epicenter: Magnitude: Focal Depth : 26 January 2001 08 hrs.46 min. 42.9 sec. IST Latitude 23.40° N Longitude 70.28° E 7.7 25 kms.
29. On the morning of January 26, 2001, the Nation’s 52 nd Republic Day, a devastating earthquake occurred in the Kutch district of the state of Gujarat. The earthquake was felt as far away as Delhi in the north, Kolkata in the east and Chennai in the south. Bhuj town and the village Bhachau, 60 km east of Bhuj, were the worst affected and many other areas of Gujarat including its state headquarters Ahmedabad, were badly affected Bhuj Earthquake 26 th January. 2001
30. contd The earthquake devastated the Bhuj and nearby regions of Gujarat causing extensive loss of life and property.
33. A homeless family waits for a ride amid ruined houses and a funeral pyre in the village near Bhuj.
34. 5 year old girl recovers at a hospital in Bhuj on Monday after Friday's massive earthquake
35. Resource Details Railways Damage to track between Viramgam to Gandhidam; Gandhidham to Bhuj; Viramgam to Okha; and Palanpur to Gandhidam. Heavy damage to various station buildings, station cabins, bridges, residential quarters and signalling systems. Rail links as far as Bhuj have been restored. Roads 650 kilometres of national highways damaged, 100 kilometres severely. National highways are now traffic-worthy. Bridges Many minor and major bridges damaged including the Syurajbari bridge at Bachau. Most main road bridges have been repaired and are capable of accepting limited weight traffic. Ports Berths 1-5 at Kandla Port suffered major structural damage. Telecommunications 147 exchanges, 82,000 lines and optical fibre systems damaged. All exchanges and at least 40,000 lines have been restored. Power 45 sub-stations and power supply to 50% of feeders in Kutch damaged. Power supply to nine towns & 925 villages affected. All substations and 225 feeders have been restored and there is now power to all villages in Kutch. Water Water supply to 18 towns and 1340 villages damaged or destroyed. Piped water restored to 9 towns and 480 villages. Tube wells are gradually being restored. Fuel Jamnager refinery shutdown 26 January by power failure. Crude oil and product pipelines were shut down for checking. Crude oil pipeline for one day, product pipelines for nine days. Availability of product not affected as alternative arrangements have been made. Schools Kutch District had 1359 primary schools with 5168 schoolrooms. Of these, 992 schools and 4179 classrooms were destroyed. There were 38 secondary schools of which six were destroyed, 14 suffered heavy damage and 12 were partially damaged. Of 128 non-government schools, nine were destroyed, 11 suffered heavy damage and 99 were partially damaged.
36. Local response The response within India was immediate. The national and state governments quickly provided assistance in many forms including cash, medical supplies, communications teams, shelters, food, clothing, transport and relief workers. There were more than 185 non-government organizations (NGOs), mostly Indian charities, which undertook earthquake-related activities
37. International response Search and Rescue teams soon arrived from Switzerland, United Kingdom, Russia and Turkey to find and rescue survivors buried under debris. Relief teams and supplies soon followed from 38 countries as well as United Nations agencies and many international NGOs such as the Red Cross.
38. The short term rescue and relief operation were being undertaken, medium term and long term recovery aspects were analyzed. Rehabilitation schemes Government of Gujarat tired to, known as packages, were formulated. The world bank and Asian development bank sanction loans in less than three months after the earthquake. Relief
39. contd Several state governments came forward to participate in, the reconstruction work in different villages. The UN system, multilateral and bilateral agencies, NGOs and the corporate sector participated in the relief and reconstruction work. Government of Gujarat provided assistance in the form of materials and cash to about 218,000 families. NGOs supplemented the efforts by providing shelter to about 7000 families .
40. Reconstruction A public private partnership program was started to help in reconstruction, which was undertaken by GSDMA. A number of NGOs like FICCI-CARE venture, manav sadhana, rashtriya swabhiman, jai prakash industries, etc. came forward to help. About 65 NGOs were active in kutch alone who adopted 211 villages and constructed 32,297 houses at the cost of Rs. 185.80 crores. Gujarat earthquake emergency reconstruction project (GEERP) was started by GSDMA, with financial help from world bank, Asian development bank, govt of India and other donor agencies.
41. contd Architects, engineers and masons were trained in construction of disaster resistant houses . The technical support was made available to the owners who were provided loan to reconstruct the houses. The houses were registered in the joint names of husband and wife. More than 2 lac houses have been constructed under this program; all houses being multi hazard resistant.