COMA 1302 ch. 4

1. Chapter 4
Verbal Messages

2. Communication is...
Complex process through which people
express, interpret, and coordinate
messages with others intended to
result in shared meaning.

3. Language
● System of symbols used by people to communicate
● Each verbal language: lexicon, a phonology, and syntax and grammar
● Language community
● Speech communities
● Idiolect

4. Characteristics of Language
Language is
● Arbitrary
● Abstract
● Changes over time

5. Semantics
Meaning derived from the words themselves and how they are arranged into
sentences.
Strategies to improve Semantics:
● Specific language
● Concrete language
● Familiar language
● Use descriptive details and examples
● Demonstrate linguistic sensitivity

6. Pragmatics
Understanding a message related to its conversational context
Pragmatic meanings change across speakers and situations
Tips for improving Pragmatics:
● Tell the truth
● Provide the right amount of information
● Relate what you say to the topic being discussed
● Acknowledge when your message violates a guideline
● Assume the best first