Communicative competence refers to an individual's ability to communicate effectively and appropriately based on the social context. It involves four elements: grammatical competence, sociolinguistic competence, discourse competence, and strategic competence. Grammatical competence is knowledge of grammar rules, sociolinguistic competence is understanding appropriate language use based on social context, discourse competence is coherent language use across sentences, and strategic competence is adapting language when needed due to communication issues.

1. Communicative
Competence
by Annas Surdyanto

2. • If people have communicative competence, they will be able to communicate
well in terms of expressing idea such as introducing someone, making
excuses, complaining, agreeing, and disagreeing, giving information etc.

3. Locutionary, Illocutionary, Perlocutionary
• My saying to you "Don't go into the water"
• (a locutionary act with distinct phonetic, syntactic and semantic features)
counts as warning you not to go into the water (an illocutionary act), and if
you heed my warning I have thereby succeeded in persuading you not to go
into the water (a perlocutionary act).

4. Elements of Communicative Competence
• Grammatical competence
• Sociolinguistic competence
• Discourse competence
• Strategic competence
(Canale and Swain, 1980)

5. Grammatical competence
• Grammatical competence is just that, a knowledge of lexical items and the
rules of morphology, syntax, sentence-grammar semantics, and phonology
(Canale & Swain, 1979: 54).
• The ability to recognize and produce the distinctive grammatical structures
of a language and to use them effectively in communication.

6. Sociolinguistic competence
• Sociolinguistic competence is 'defined as the ability to produce and recognize
socially appropriate language within a given socio-cultural context ((Canale &
Swain, 1983: 9)
• The ability to interpret the social meaning of the choice of linguistic varieties
and to use language with the appropriate social meaning for the
communication situation.

7. Discourse competence
• Discourse is the use of spoken or written language in a social context.
• Discourse competence is 'defined as the ability to produce and recognize coherent and cohesive text' (Canale
& Swain, 1983: 5)
• Cohesion, which refers to how we link ideas linguistically. For example, we use pronouns to refer to what or
who has been mentioned previously, e.g., he, it, one, none, that, this. Another example includes the use of an
auxiliary verb as a substitute for the main verb, e.g.,
A: “Do you work here?”
B: “Yes, I do.”
• Coherence, which refers to how we link the meanings of sentences or utterances in written or spoken texts.
A: “It’s hot in here.”
B: “I’ll open a window”

8. Strategic competence
• Strategic competence refers to a speaker’s ability to adapt their use of verbal
and nonverbal language to compensate for communication problems caused
by the speaker’s lack of understanding of proper grammar use and/or
insufficient knowledge of social behavioral and communication norms.