A short overview on Ethnography of communication. The slides briefly shed light on EOC as an approach to discourse analysis. There are few photos along with the material to help reads glean some insight into the subject.
A short overview on Ethnography of communication. The slides briefly shed light on EOC as an approach to discourse analysis. There are few photos along with the material to help reads glean some insight into the subject.
I am a lecturer in English at Khawaja Fared Govt. College Rahim Yar Khan. Here is my humble effort to discuss How to choose variety or code in multilingual society.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
3. 1. CODE
• Language peculiar to a specific group.
• Codes are particular "grammars" of specific tongues: rules for
constructing and deriving words and sentences, inventories
of sounds to convey meaning, rules for uttering those
sounds, rules for translating those sounds into graphic
symbols (writing) etc.
4. 2. MONOLINGUAL
• Is the condition of being able to speak only a single
language.
5. • being bilingual means being able to communicate
effortlessly in two languages, even if one was
learned later in life and communication takes an
occasional detour
bilinguals are ‘people who need and use two (or more)
languages in their everyday lives (Grosjean 1992:51)
3. BILINGUAL
7. 5. LEXICAL: Relating to the word or vocabulary of
language
6.
UNPREDICTABLE: likely to change suddenly and
without reason and therefore notable to
be predicted (= expected before
it happens) or depended on.
7. PHONOLOGY: the study of how sounds are
organized and used in natural languages. The
phonological system of a language includes an
inventory of sounds and their features, and rules which
specify how sounds interact with each other
8. FACTORS THAT MODIFY CODE
CHOICE
• Participants
• solidarity and status
• Social Distance
• Status Relationship
• Formality
• Function
10. • Is the practice of *unpredictably changing one’s
language, dialect or speaking style to better fit one’s
environment which
• Also a universal language-contact phenomenon that
reflects the grammars of both languages working
simultaneously.
• code switching is possible in *bilingual or
*multilingual environment but not in monolingual.
WHAT IS CODE SWITCHING?
11. CONTINUE…….
• code-switching occurs when a speaker
alternates between two or more languages, or
language varieties, in the context of a single
conversation
• Multilinguals, speakers of more than one
language, sometimes use elements of multiple
languages when conversing with each other.
• Also Style, Register and Voice, whether in
spoken or written language, can then be
included in a broad definition of code-switching.
13. REASON FOR CODE SWITCHING
• No similar words in English
• Did not know the English word
• To fill the gap in speaking
• Easier to speak in own language
• To avoid misunderstanding
• To convey intimacy
• So others would not understand
(Privacy)
• To add emphasis
• Other reasons
14.
15. INTRA-SENTENTIAL SWITCHING
• Is possibly the most complex type among the three, as it
can occurs within the boundaries of a clause or a
sentence.
• In Spanish-English switching one could say, "La onda is
to fight y jambar. We can see in this example the
speaker uses ‘is to fight’ (phrase) instead of using the
Spanish equivalent of it which is ‘par pelear’. ENG-GER
Move der
bleistift (the
pencil) to the
pencil case on
the desk.
16. ENG-SPA
Move the pencil
to the blue
pencil case on
the table.
Ya lo hiciste?
(did you do it?)
INTER-SENTENTIAL SWITCHING
• It happens between a sentence boundaries where one clause or sentence
is in one language and the next clause or sentence is in the other.
• inter-sentential CS takes place within the same sentence or between
speaker turns, it entails fluency in both languages such that a speaker is
able to follow the rules of the two languages
• In Assyrian-English switching one could say:
Ani wideili what happened?" ("Those, I did them what happened?")
1st clause 2nd Clause
1st
Sentence
2nd
Sentenc
e
17. TAG-SWITCHING
• Is the switching of either a tag phrase or
a word, or both, from one language to another,
(common in intra-sentential switches).
• In Spanish-English switching one could say, "Él
es de México y así los criaron a ellos, you
know." ("He's from Mexico, and they raise them
like that, you know.")
• The example below is speaking Spanish but at
the end of his/her sentence decides to use a tag
phrase which is ‘you know’.
SPA-ENG
I saw the game
last night and it
was chingon!
(awesome)
Chingon is
popular Spanish
tag phrase.
20. WHAT IS CODE MIXING
• Code mixing is possible in bilingual or multilingual environments
• Is also a language contact phenomenon that doesn't reflect the
grammars of both languages working simultaneously.
• Words are borrowed from one language and adapt it in other language
and it is usually without a change of topic.
• It often occurs within one sentence, one element is spoken in language
A and the rest in language B.
• This term is usually found in mainly in informal interaction
21. REASONS FOR CODE MIXING
• Interjection
• Quoting somebody else
• Expressing group identity
• Because of real lexical need
• Talking about a particular topic
• Repetition used for clarification
• Being emphatic about something
• To soften or strengthen request or command
• Intention of clarifying the speech content for interlocutor
• To exclude other people when a comment is intended for only a limited audience
24. INTRA LEXICAL CODE MIXING
This kind of code mixing occurs within a
word boundary involving a change in
pronunciation.
Example of this is when Spanish/Latino
people say an English word, but modify it
to Spanish phonological structure. Listen
to the voice clip , it gives an example of
how a Latino would pronounce words
when talking English when pronouncing
certain letters as they would say it in
Spanish.
Voice Clip