Chapter 4 _verbal_language
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Verbal language is a complex system of symbols used by communities to communicate and share meaning through interpreting and expressing messages. It has characteristics like being arbitrary, abstract, and changing over time. Semantics derives meaning from words and sentences, and can be improved with specific, concrete, descriptive language and examples. Pragmatics understands messages in context, where meaning depends on speakers and situations. Tips to improve pragmatics include telling the truth, providing relevant information, acknowledging violations, and assuming positive intent.
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Key Topics: Verbal Messages
Verbal communication is a complex process where people use language and symbols to express, interpret and coordinate shared meanings. Language is composed of lexicons, phonology and grammar rules that vary across speech communities but also change over time. Semantics derives meaning from words and sentences through specific, concrete language with examples. Pragmatics understands messages in conversational context and can be improved by telling the truth, providing relevant information, acknowledging violations, and assuming good faith.
Interpretation
This document discusses various aspects of interpretation, including:
1. What interpretation is, involving expressing a spoken message from one language to another simultaneously or consecutively.
2. Different levels of interpreter skills from minimal to master professional performance. The higher levels demonstrate greater accuracy, nuance, and ability to interpret complex spoken language.
3. The key difference between interpretation, which involves orally translating real-time spoken language, versus translation, which involves converting written text between languages with more time for accuracy.
4. The main modes of interpretation, including simultaneous, consecutive, whispered, relay, liaison and escort interpreting used in different contexts.
Lecture1
This document discusses the differences between interpreting and translation. Interpreting involves orally communicating the exact meaning and tone of a spoken message between languages, either simultaneously or consecutively. Interpreters must bridge cultural gaps without resources, while translators can research when working with written text. Effective interpreting requires linguistic and cultural knowledge, background information, language skills, and adherence to codes of ethics like impartiality and active listening.
Ensayo Slides
The document discusses the different competencies that make up communicative competence in a language. It defines communicative competence as the ability to use language correctly and appropriately to accomplish communication goals. The six competencies are: linguistic competence, pragmatic competence, discursive competence, functional competence, sociolinguistic competence, and strategic competence. Sociolinguistic competence involves having shared socio-cultural knowledge to communicate appropriately in different contexts, while strategic competence is the ability to recognize and repair communication breakdowns.
Nature of language
Language can refer to a system of communication used by humans or a specific instance of such a system. There are approximately 3000-6000 natural languages spoken worldwide with sign languages and written languages also considered forms of language. Language allows humans to learn and use complex communication systems. Words can have literal meanings as well as implied meanings from context and interpretation. Different types of meanings include denotative, connotative, social, metaphorical, emotive, and pragmatic meanings which depend on factors such as context, intent, interpretation, and cultural associations.
Ppt modes of interpreting
This document discusses four major modes of interpreting: simultaneous interpreting, consecutive interpreting, whispering interpreting, and relay interpreting. Simultaneous interpreting involves listening and speaking at the same time to convey sentences before the speaker finishes. Consecutive interpreting occurs after the speaker finishes, allowing time for note-taking. Whispering interpreting involves whispering to a small group nearby. Relay interpreting is used when there are multiple target languages, with interpreters relaying through a common language.
Historical background of Interpreting
The document provides historical background on interpreting. It discusses how interpreting dates back 3000 BC in Ancient Egypt, and was used in Ancient Greece and Rome when Latin served as the lingua franca until the 17th century. Factors like religion, exploration, and international conferences expanded interpreting. There are two main types - conference interpreting using booths and headphones, and liaison interpreting working with immigrants. Status and role of interpreters depends on social norms and the clients they serve. Bilinguals, aides, and community interpreters also facilitate language transfer in different contexts.
Presentation interpretation
This document provides an overview of translation and interpretation. It defines key terms like translation, interpretation, source language and target language. It distinguishes between simultaneous and consecutive interpretation and describes the skills required of translators and interpreters. The document also discusses different approaches to translation like word-for-word, sentence-level and conceptual translation. It emphasizes that translation requires understanding concepts and culture in addition to language.
Recommended
Key Topics: Verbal Messages
Verbal communication is a complex process where people use language and symbols to express, interpret and coordinate shared meanings. Language is composed of lexicons, phonology and grammar rules that vary across speech communities but also change over time. Semantics derives meaning from words and sentences through specific, concrete language with examples. Pragmatics understands messages in conversational context and can be improved by telling the truth, providing relevant information, acknowledging violations, and assuming good faith.
Interpretation
This document discusses various aspects of interpretation, including:
1. What interpretation is, involving expressing a spoken message from one language to another simultaneously or consecutively.
2. Different levels of interpreter skills from minimal to master professional performance. The higher levels demonstrate greater accuracy, nuance, and ability to interpret complex spoken language.
3. The key difference between interpretation, which involves orally translating real-time spoken language, versus translation, which involves converting written text between languages with more time for accuracy.
4. The main modes of interpretation, including simultaneous, consecutive, whispered, relay, liaison and escort interpreting used in different contexts.
Lecture1
This document discusses the differences between interpreting and translation. Interpreting involves orally communicating the exact meaning and tone of a spoken message between languages, either simultaneously or consecutively. Interpreters must bridge cultural gaps without resources, while translators can research when working with written text. Effective interpreting requires linguistic and cultural knowledge, background information, language skills, and adherence to codes of ethics like impartiality and active listening.
Ensayo Slides
The document discusses the different competencies that make up communicative competence in a language. It defines communicative competence as the ability to use language correctly and appropriately to accomplish communication goals. The six competencies are: linguistic competence, pragmatic competence, discursive competence, functional competence, sociolinguistic competence, and strategic competence. Sociolinguistic competence involves having shared socio-cultural knowledge to communicate appropriately in different contexts, while strategic competence is the ability to recognize and repair communication breakdowns.
Nature of language
Language can refer to a system of communication used by humans or a specific instance of such a system. There are approximately 3000-6000 natural languages spoken worldwide with sign languages and written languages also considered forms of language. Language allows humans to learn and use complex communication systems. Words can have literal meanings as well as implied meanings from context and interpretation. Different types of meanings include denotative, connotative, social, metaphorical, emotive, and pragmatic meanings which depend on factors such as context, intent, interpretation, and cultural associations.
Ppt modes of interpreting
This document discusses four major modes of interpreting: simultaneous interpreting, consecutive interpreting, whispering interpreting, and relay interpreting. Simultaneous interpreting involves listening and speaking at the same time to convey sentences before the speaker finishes. Consecutive interpreting occurs after the speaker finishes, allowing time for note-taking. Whispering interpreting involves whispering to a small group nearby. Relay interpreting is used when there are multiple target languages, with interpreters relaying through a common language.
Historical background of Interpreting
The document provides historical background on interpreting. It discusses how interpreting dates back 3000 BC in Ancient Egypt, and was used in Ancient Greece and Rome when Latin served as the lingua franca until the 17th century. Factors like religion, exploration, and international conferences expanded interpreting. There are two main types - conference interpreting using booths and headphones, and liaison interpreting working with immigrants. Status and role of interpreters depends on social norms and the clients they serve. Bilinguals, aides, and community interpreters also facilitate language transfer in different contexts.
Presentation interpretation
This document provides an overview of translation and interpretation. It defines key terms like translation, interpretation, source language and target language. It distinguishes between simultaneous and consecutive interpretation and describes the skills required of translators and interpreters. The document also discusses different approaches to translation like word-for-word, sentence-level and conceptual translation. It emphasizes that translation requires understanding concepts and culture in addition to language.
Translation and Interpretation
Translation is converting written text from one language to another with the same meaning, while interpretation involves orally conveying meaning between languages in real time. There are various translation methods like word-for-word, semantic, and idiomatic, and interpretation modalities like simultaneous, consecutive, and whispered. Interpretation can also be relay, liaison, on-site, via telephone, or through video technology.
Code Mixing
Code mixing refers to the mixing of two languages or codes, mainly occurring in informal, bilingual or multilingual situations and communities. There are two types of code mixing: inner code mixing and outer code mixing. Code mixing can occur for reasons such as quoting others, discussing specific topics, or using repetition for clarification purposes. The key difference between code mixing and code switching is that code mixing is done spontaneously and dominated by one language, while code switching is done intentionally with two or more languages being dominant.
Types and modes of interpretation
It´s a short homework about interpretation, its modes and types and some stuffs like that.
Es un pequeño trabajo sobre la interpretación, sus tecnicas y modalidades y algunas otras curiosidades sobre la misma.
translation and interpretation
Translation deals with written text, transforming the source text into an equivalent target text, while interpretation involves giving understanding through spoken language so the meaning can be easily understood by listeners. Interpretation occurs in real time through in-person, phone, or video services, whereas translation involves the written word and typically takes more time after a text is created. While translators have time to evaluate and revise for accuracy, interpreters aim to be completely accurate but may omit some details, as they interpret live conversations without reference materials.
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The Profession Of An Interpreter
Interpreters enable cross-cultural communication by converting one language to another while understanding concepts and ideas between languages. They must thoroughly understand subject matter to accurately translate information and be sensitive to associated cultures. Students can prepare by taking foreign language and computer courses, spending time abroad, engaging with foreign cultures, and extensive reading. Formal interpreting programs are available, but experience through internships or apprenticeships is also important for building skills. Interpreters must pay close attention, understand both languages clearly, and express thoughts accurately with strong research, analytical, and memory skills.
Translation vs. Interpretation
This document provides an introduction to translation and interpretation. It defines key terms like translation, interpretation, source language and target language. It distinguishes between translation and interpretation, noting that translation involves written text while interpretation can be simultaneous or consecutive. It also outlines some of the necessary skills, fields of specialization, challenges and rewards of working as a translator or interpreter. The document concludes by discussing requirements for training and contact information for further information.
Code Switching and Code Mixing
This document defines and distinguishes between code switching and code mixing in bilingual communication. It explains that code switching involves changing languages unpredictably to fit the environment, and can occur between sentences or within a sentence. In contrast, code mixing involves borrowing words from one language into another without a change in topic, often within a single sentence. The document provides examples and discusses reasons for using code switching or code mixing, including lack of a word in one language, emphasis, or expressing group identity.
The role of translation in english language teaching
This document discusses the role of translation in English language teaching. It argues that translation has been neglected as a teaching method, despite evidence that it can support language learning. The document notes that learners naturally rely on their first language in the early stages of second language acquisition. It asserts that a bilingual approach, which incorporates translation, validates learners' experiences and allows them to gradually learn through their first language. The document also discusses how translation activities can be incorporated into teaching in a communicative way.
Chapter 2
The vocabulary of conversation consists of around 2,000 common words that are frequently repeated. It contains predictable grammatical words and lexical phrases. The core lexicon can be grouped into categories like modal words, verbs, nouns. Half of all conversation utilizes just 50 highly frequent words. Discourse markers, hesitation fillers, and other multi-word phrases also facilitate natural conversation. An understanding of conversational vocabulary and routines is important for participating in everyday discussion.
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This document discusses communicative competence and its key components. It defines communicative competence as the ability to convey and interpret messages within social contexts, as coined by Dell Hymes in response to Chomsky's notion of linguistic competence. It describes James Cummins' distinction between cognitive academic language proficiency and basic interpersonal communicative skills. It also summarizes Canale and Swain's four components of communicative competence: grammatical, discourse, sociolinguistic, and strategic competence. Finally, it briefly discusses the functional approach to language and its seven functions.
Code Switching: a paper by Krishna Bista
The document discusses code switching, which is the mixing of words or phrases from two languages in speech or writing. It examines a study on the factors influencing code switching among bilingual English students in university classrooms. The study found that students most often code switch due to not knowing the English word, to fill gaps in speaking, or because it is easier to express themselves in their native language. While code switching can help communication, it may also hinder the learning of the target language if overused.
Communicative Competence
The document defines communicative competence as the knowledge and ability needed to communicate appropriately in different social contexts. It refers to both linguistic competence, or knowledge of language rules, and sociolinguistic competence, or understanding social relationships and cultural norms. Communicative competence involves mastering vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation, and the ability to interpret messages and combine ideas coherently based on the social situation.
Pedagogical uses of translation
This document discusses several topics related to translation, including its pedagogical uses, arguments for and against translation in language learning, and current issues in translation such as its role in intercultural communication, studies of the translation process, corpus studies of translation, and the relationship between translation and globalization.
Code switching &; code mixing
The document defines various linguistic terms related to code switching including code, monolingual, bilingual, and multilingual. It then discusses types of code switching such as inter-sentential, intra-sentential, and tag code switching. Finally, it outlines some common reasons for code switching such as to fulfill a need, show solidarity, reflect social status, based on topic, to express affection, and to persuade an audience.
Story board reading ppt
Recount text retells past events or experiences to inform or entertain an audience. It has a generic structure that includes an orientation introducing participants, place and time. The main part describes a series of past events. It can optionally include a reorientation with the writer's personal comments. Language features include using pronouns to introduce participants and verbs in the simple past tense to describe actions.
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Definition of language
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Verbal Messages.pptx
Language is a system of symbols used by people to communicate, comprised of a lexicon of words and expressions, sounds to pronounce words, and rules for combining words into sentences. Language has semantic meaning derived from words and how they are arranged, with denotation being the dictionary definition and connotation being implicit associated meanings. Pragmatic meaning comes from interpreting messages in their conversational context, while sociolinguistic meaning varies by culture and can lead to misunderstandings when different norms are used.
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Translation and Interpretation
Translation is converting written text from one language to another with the same meaning, while interpretation involves orally conveying meaning between languages in real time. There are various translation methods like word-for-word, semantic, and idiomatic, and interpretation modalities like simultaneous, consecutive, and whispered. Interpretation can also be relay, liaison, on-site, via telephone, or through video technology.
Code Mixing
Code mixing refers to the mixing of two languages or codes, mainly occurring in informal, bilingual or multilingual situations and communities. There are two types of code mixing: inner code mixing and outer code mixing. Code mixing can occur for reasons such as quoting others, discussing specific topics, or using repetition for clarification purposes. The key difference between code mixing and code switching is that code mixing is done spontaneously and dominated by one language, while code switching is done intentionally with two or more languages being dominant.
Types and modes of interpretation
It´s a short homework about interpretation, its modes and types and some stuffs like that.
Es un pequeño trabajo sobre la interpretación, sus tecnicas y modalidades y algunas otras curiosidades sobre la misma.
translation and interpretation
Translation deals with written text, transforming the source text into an equivalent target text, while interpretation involves giving understanding through spoken language so the meaning can be easily understood by listeners. Interpretation occurs in real time through in-person, phone, or video services, whereas translation involves the written word and typically takes more time after a text is created. While translators have time to evaluate and revise for accuracy, interpreters aim to be completely accurate but may omit some details, as they interpret live conversations without reference materials.
Ppt presentation of manju
This document discusses effective communication and its key aspects. Effective communication is a two-way process where the sender conveys a clear message that the receiver understands. There are two types of communication: verbal, which includes oral and written, and non-verbal. Some important communication skills are using proper language, listening effectively, and having good body language. Barriers to effective communication can include language, cultural, individual, and organizational differences. People can become better communicators by interacting positively with others, expanding their vocabulary, having a positive attitude, and employing effective body language.
The Profession Of An Interpreter
Interpreters enable cross-cultural communication by converting one language to another while understanding concepts and ideas between languages. They must thoroughly understand subject matter to accurately translate information and be sensitive to associated cultures. Students can prepare by taking foreign language and computer courses, spending time abroad, engaging with foreign cultures, and extensive reading. Formal interpreting programs are available, but experience through internships or apprenticeships is also important for building skills. Interpreters must pay close attention, understand both languages clearly, and express thoughts accurately with strong research, analytical, and memory skills.
Translation vs. Interpretation
This document provides an introduction to translation and interpretation. It defines key terms like translation, interpretation, source language and target language. It distinguishes between translation and interpretation, noting that translation involves written text while interpretation can be simultaneous or consecutive. It also outlines some of the necessary skills, fields of specialization, challenges and rewards of working as a translator or interpreter. The document concludes by discussing requirements for training and contact information for further information.
Code Switching and Code Mixing
This document defines and distinguishes between code switching and code mixing in bilingual communication. It explains that code switching involves changing languages unpredictably to fit the environment, and can occur between sentences or within a sentence. In contrast, code mixing involves borrowing words from one language into another without a change in topic, often within a single sentence. The document provides examples and discusses reasons for using code switching or code mixing, including lack of a word in one language, emphasis, or expressing group identity.
The role of translation in english language teaching
This document discusses the role of translation in English language teaching. It argues that translation has been neglected as a teaching method, despite evidence that it can support language learning. The document notes that learners naturally rely on their first language in the early stages of second language acquisition. It asserts that a bilingual approach, which incorporates translation, validates learners' experiences and allows them to gradually learn through their first language. The document also discusses how translation activities can be incorporated into teaching in a communicative way.
Chapter 2
The vocabulary of conversation consists of around 2,000 common words that are frequently repeated. It contains predictable grammatical words and lexical phrases. The core lexicon can be grouped into categories like modal words, verbs, nouns. Half of all conversation utilizes just 50 highly frequent words. Discourse markers, hesitation fillers, and other multi-word phrases also facilitate natural conversation. An understanding of conversational vocabulary and routines is important for participating in everyday discussion.
Language and Critical Thinking
Language affects critical thinking in four key ways: how it impacts audience attention and comprehension, acceptance or rejection of arguments, the credibility of the arguer, and how people interpret their environment. There are four areas of language use important for critical thinking: word choice, ambiguity, definition, and intensity of language. Language choice is important as it can enhance credibility when used properly but damage it when used improperly.
Code Switching ( Sociolinguistics)
This document analyzes code switching factors between characters in a Malay movie called Istanbul Aku Datang. The research questions examine how addressee and function affect code choice. The objective is to investigate how addressee and function impact code choice in different situations. Three main characters from the movie are analyzed for their code switching between Malay, English, and Turkish based on who they are addressing and the conversation function. The findings show that addressee and function are important factors for determining code choice. Closeness, society, emotions, social media, business matters, and appreciation all influence which language is used. In conclusion, addressee and function play a role in code switching between characters from Malaysian and Turkish societies in the
Oral presentation
Language functions refer to the purposes for which people use language, such as to communicate information, express feelings, or direct others to take actions. They can be categorized as micro functions like physiological needs or macro functions like ideational, interpersonal, and textual. Common types of language functions are informative to share content, expressive to convey emotions, and directive to cause effects. Examples include stating a fact, showing pain, or requesting an action. Teaching language functions involves considering social contexts like relationships, circumstances, and topics of discussion.
Communicative competence
This document discusses communicative competence and its key components. It defines communicative competence as the ability to convey and interpret messages within social contexts, as coined by Dell Hymes in response to Chomsky's notion of linguistic competence. It describes James Cummins' distinction between cognitive academic language proficiency and basic interpersonal communicative skills. It also summarizes Canale and Swain's four components of communicative competence: grammatical, discourse, sociolinguistic, and strategic competence. Finally, it briefly discusses the functional approach to language and its seven functions.
Code Switching: a paper by Krishna Bista
The document discusses code switching, which is the mixing of words or phrases from two languages in speech or writing. It examines a study on the factors influencing code switching among bilingual English students in university classrooms. The study found that students most often code switch due to not knowing the English word, to fill gaps in speaking, or because it is easier to express themselves in their native language. While code switching can help communication, it may also hinder the learning of the target language if overused.
Communicative Competence
The document defines communicative competence as the knowledge and ability needed to communicate appropriately in different social contexts. It refers to both linguistic competence, or knowledge of language rules, and sociolinguistic competence, or understanding social relationships and cultural norms. Communicative competence involves mastering vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation, and the ability to interpret messages and combine ideas coherently based on the social situation.
Pedagogical uses of translation
This document discusses several topics related to translation, including its pedagogical uses, arguments for and against translation in language learning, and current issues in translation such as its role in intercultural communication, studies of the translation process, corpus studies of translation, and the relationship between translation and globalization.
Code switching &; code mixing
The document defines various linguistic terms related to code switching including code, monolingual, bilingual, and multilingual. It then discusses types of code switching such as inter-sentential, intra-sentential, and tag code switching. Finally, it outlines some common reasons for code switching such as to fulfill a need, show solidarity, reflect social status, based on topic, to express affection, and to persuade an audience.
Story board reading ppt
Recount text retells past events or experiences to inform or entertain an audience. It has a generic structure that includes an orientation introducing participants, place and time. The main part describes a series of past events. It can optionally include a reorientation with the writer's personal comments. Language features include using pronouns to introduce participants and verbs in the simple past tense to describe actions.
Functions of Language
Definition of language
Characteristics of language
Its basic functions
Others functions of language
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This document discusses input, interaction, teacher talk, and foreigner talk in second language acquisition. It summarizes theories on the importance of comprehensible input and interaction for language learning. Teacher talk features modifications to make input more understandable to students, such as shorter sentences and repetition. Foreigner talk also simplifies language when speaking to non-native speakers. Both teacher talk and foreigner talk aim to facilitate communication through modified speech.
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- 2. Communication is... Complex process through which people express, interpret, and coordinate messages with others intended to result in shared meaning.
- 3. Language ● System of symbols used by people to communicate ● Each verbal language: lexicon, a phonology, and syntax and grammar ● Language community ● Speech communities ● Idiolect
- 4. Characteristics of Language Language is ● Arbitrary ● Abstract ● Changes over time
- 5. Semantics Meaning derived from the words themselves and how they are arranged into sentences. Strategies to improve Semantics: ● Specific language ● Concrete language ● Familiar language ● Use descriptive details and examples ● Demonstrate linguistic sensitivity
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