Verbal language is a complex system of symbols used by communities to communicate and share meaning through interpreting and expressing messages. It has characteristics like being arbitrary, abstract, and changing over time. Semantics derives meaning from words and sentences, and can be improved with specific, concrete, descriptive language and examples. Pragmatics understands messages in context, where meaning depends on speakers and situations. Tips to improve pragmatics include telling the truth, providing relevant information, acknowledging violations, and assuming positive intent.

1. Chapter 4
Verbal Language

2. Communication is...
Complex process through which people
express, interpret, and coordinate
messages with others intended to
result in shared meaning.

3. Language
● System of symbols used by people to communicate
● Each verbal language: lexicon, a phonology, and syntax and grammar
● Language community
● Speech communities
● Idiolect

4. Characteristics of Language
Language is
● Arbitrary
● Abstract
● Changes over time

5. Semantics
Meaning derived from the words themselves and how they are arranged into
sentences.
Strategies to improve Semantics:
● Specific language
● Concrete language
● Familiar language
● Use descriptive details and examples
● Demonstrate linguistic sensitivity

6. Pragmatics
Understanding a message related to its conversational context
Pragmatic meanings change across speakers and situations
Tips for improving Pragmatics:
● Tell the truth
● Provide the right amount of information
● Relate what you say to the topic being discussed
● Acknowledge when your message violates a guideline
● Assume the best first