Cyst nematodes cause plant diseases mostly in temperate regions. Some species attack only a few plant species locally, while others attack many plant species widely. The golden nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, severely impacts potato, tomato, and eggplant. Other cyst nematodes like Heterodera avenae impact cereals, H. glycines impacts soybeans, and H. schachtii impacts sugar beets, crucifers, and spinach. The cereal cyst nematode, H. avenae, was first reported in India in 1958 attacking wheat, barley, and oats. Potato cyst nematodes, G. rostochiensis and G. pallida, were first reported in India in

1. CYST NEMATODES IN
INDIA

2. CYST NEMATODES
Cyst nematodes causes a variety of
plant diseases, mostly in the
temperate regions of the world.
Some species of cyst nematode
attack only a few plant species and
are present over limited geographic
areas, whereas others attack a large
no. of plant species and are widely
distributed.

3. CYST NEMATODES
The round cyst nematodes
Globodera rostochiensis is known
as the golden nematode and is
particularly severe on potato but
also on tomato and egg plant.

4. Other cyst nematodes
 Heterodera avenae on cereales
 H.glycines on soybeans
 H.schachtii on sugar
beets,crucifers,spinach
 H.tabacum on tobacco
 H.trifolii on clover

5. Cereal cyst nematode
 Heterodera avenae
First report from Germany by
KUHN in 1874.
Nomenclature changed from
Heterodera schachtii subsp. major -
H. major - H.avenae (Wollenweber,
1924)
First report from India by
Vasudeva, 1958 ,Rajasthan.

6. Cont…
 DISTRIBUTION
Europe , Australia ,Russian states
, India , Pakistan.
INDIA
Rajastan , Haryana , Delhi ,
Himachal Pradesh , Jammu &
Kashmir , Madhya pradesh , Punjab ,
UP.
HOST
Wheat , Barley , Oats.

7. CCN BIOLOGY
 Lemon shaped cyst , each
containing ca.400 eggs formed
during March / April , remain
dormant in soil till November /
December.
 Hatching coincides with wheat
sowing (Nov/Dec) at 16-18 C
 Root excudates do not play any
role in hatching .
 Only 50 % eggs hatch in first

8. CCN SYMPTOMS
 Stunted growth in patches
 Chlorosis @ 1-2 months old
 Reduced tillering
 Clumbs become thinner and
weaker.
 Earheads fewer and bear fewer
grains.
 Roots become bushy , having
swellings at the sites of penetration.

9. CCN MANAGEMENT
 Cultural practices
Crop rotation
Two-three deep ploughs
Early sowing for wheat by a
fortnight
Apply carbofuran @ 1-2 kg / ha
at sowing.

10. POTATO CYST
NEMATODE
 Globodera rostochiensis , G. pallida
First report from Germany by
Kuhn.
Wollenweber 1923 named it
Heterodera rostochiensis
Bifurcated into two species on the
basis of colors of females
First report from India by Jones in
1961.

11. POTATO CYST NEMATODE
DISTRIBUTION
Vastly distributed in Europe ,
South America , North America ,
Russia , South Africa , India .
India
Nilgiri hills, palani hills , in about
4000 ha
HOST
Potato , tomato , brinjal.

12. PCN - BIOLOGY
 Cysts contain 200-500 eggs
 Depends upon potato root
diffuses
for hatching
 Eggs continue hatching for 8
years
 Only 30-40% eggs hatch in first
year
 Basically temperate climate
species

13. PCN - SYMPTOMS
 Small patches of poorly growing
plants
 Foliage may show wilting during
hot day time , recover by evening
 plants remain stunted , foliage
turns yellow from older leaves
 Only a tuft of green leaves

14. PCN MANAGEMENT
 Cultural practices
Crop rotation
 Resistant varieties
Solanum vernei
Solanum andigena
 In India , Kurfi Swarna

15. PCN MANAGEMENT
 Mandatory application of
Fensulfothion for 3 years supplied
free under Indo – German Nilgiri
Development project
 Carbofuran or aldicarb @ 2kg
/ha at sowing
 Legislative
 Domestic quarantine against
PCN in Nilgiris since 1971

16. OTHER IMPORTANT CYST
NEMATODES IN INDIA
 Pigeon pea cyst nematode , H.
cajani
 Maize cyst nematode, H. zeae
 Rice cyst nematode , H.
oryzicola

17. OTHER ECONOMICALLY
IMPORTANT SPECIES
 Sugarbeet cyst nematode , H .
Schachtii
 Soyabean cyst nematode , H .
glycines

18. THANK YOU