1. The document reports on smuts that affect sorghum, including grain smut, loose smut, long smut, and head smut. It describes the causal organisms, disease cycles, and economic importance of each smut. 2. Smuts can cause severe losses in grain yield of up to 25% and are prevalent in major sorghum growing regions of India and other countries. 3. Management strategies for smuts include treating seeds, using resistant varieties, crop rotation, and collecting and burying smutted plants.

1. ■ Presented by :
Shasyendra Yadav ( TAG1702079)
B.Sc. Ag (H) ; 4th Year
Section: A Group: A2
Component duration: 12th / Dec / 2020 to 5th / Jan / 2021
TEERTHANKER
MAHAVEER UNIVERSITY
College of Agriculture Sciences, Moradabad
Rural Agricultural Work Experience and Agro-industrial Attachment
(RAWE &AIA) - BAG-754
RAWE Report : Component – I ( Plant Clinic ) ;
Session: 2020-21
RAWE Plant Clinic Component Report

2. Types of Smuts in
Sorghum
1.GRAIN SMUT
2.LOOSE SMUT
3.LONG SMUT
4.HEAD SMUT

3. RAWE Plant Clinic Component Report Presentation
GUIDED
BY
Dr. Archana Negi
Component Coordinator
Dr. Devendra Pal Singh
Component Coordinator

4. Economic Importance of Smuts in Sorghum
.
CONTENTS
Causal Organism and its Classification
Fruiting Body, Columella and the Spores
Disease Cycle
Management of the disease
RAWE Plant Clinic Component Report

5. ■ Economic Importance
• It is the most common and destructive disease of
jowar in India.
• There are severe losses in grain yield, even upto
25%.
• Prevalent in UP, MP, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil
Nadu, Karnataka and Maharashtra where the
crop is extensively grown without using proper
control measures.
• Besides India, the disease has also been
reported from China, Myanmar, Tanzania, South
Africa, Italy, U.S.A., Venezuela and other
countries.
• This smut is reported from most sorghum areas
of the world.
• It occurs in China, Iran, Italy, Africa and the
U.S.A.
• In India, it occurs in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka,
Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra, but is less
common compared to grain smut.
• The affected plants are stunted, produce
thinner stalks, more tillers, and earlier flowering
than the healthy plants. All spikelets of an
infected ear are smutted.
GRAIN SMUT
LOOSE SMUT
RAWE Plant Clinic Component Report

6. HEAD SMUT
■ Economic Importance
• In India long smut of jowar occurs in
States of U.P., M.P., Maharashtra,
Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil
Nadu and has also been reported from
Egypt, West Africa, Iraq and Pakistan.
• Since only a few grains in an ear are
attacked, this smut causes only little
damage to the crop.
• In India the disease is not very common
and economicatly not much important
except in Kashmir where the smut
causes significant damage to maize.
• It is reported also from the States U.P.,
M.P., Bihar, Maharashtra, Andhra
Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
LONG SMUT
RAWE Plant Clinic Component Report

7. ■ Causal Organism & its Classification
RAWE Plant Clinic Component Report

8. ■ Fruiting Body
Fruiting body (Sporangium) is called Sorus (plural Sori),
which is a spore sac like structure which ruptures to release out the
spores (Teliospores).
Definition:

9. ■ Columella
Definition:
The columella is a sterile dome shaped structure found at the
tip of a sporangiophore, or within a sporangium.
The columella functions for nutrient exchange between the
active protoplasm below and the developing spores inside the
upper portion of the sporangial head.

10. ■ Infection

11. ■ Spores (Teliospores)
layer
As seen in

12. ■ Spores (Continued)

13. ■ Disease Cycle (Grain Smut)

14. ■ Disease Cycle (Loose Smut)
• The fungus enters the seedling through the radicle, mesocotyl or
epicotyl and then becomes systemic causing smutting of ovaries at the
time of ear head formation.
• Since the infection is systemic, ratoon crops from infected main crops
are also infected.
• The optimum temperature for spore formation and subsequent
infection of the host is 30°C.
RAWE Plant Clinic Component Report

15. ■ Disease Cycle (Long Smut
• The fungus is Air-borne and the infection takes place by means of
sporidia which enters the floral parts, and produces Sori about 12-
15 days later.
• The spores in the soil may germinate to produce clusters of
sporidia which become air-borne and cause Primary infection.
• Secondary infection may also take place from the spores released
from infected ears in the field.
RAWE Plant Clinic Component Report

16. ■ Management
1. Treat the seed with Captan or Thiram at 4 g/kg.
2. Use disease free seeds.
3. Seeds may also be treated with Vitavax or Hot water treatment
can also be done.
4. Follow crop rotation.
5. Ratooning must be avoided in diseased fields
6. Collect the smutted ear heads in cloth bags and bury in soil.
7. Use resistant varieties like T 29/1, PJ 7K, PJ 23K, Nandyal and
Bilichigan.
RAWE Plant Clinic Component Report

17. Thank You !
RAWE Plant Clinic Component Report Presentation
The End