BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE BRAIN

1. BLOODSUPPLYOF
THEBRAIN

2. TableofCONTENTS
• Arteries of the brain
• Circle of willis
• Veins of the brain
Name: Moustafa Gouda
Under supervision of Dr: Hadeel saed
blood supplyofthebrain &circle ofWillis

3. ArteriesoftheBrain
Twopairs oflarge
arteries:
1. Vertebral artery
2. Internal carotid artery

5. InternalCarotid Artery
• It pierces roof of cavernous sinus
•At medial margin of anterior clenoid process.
•It lies lateral to optic chiasma close to anterior
perforated substance.

6. Branchesofinternalcarotid arteries
1. Anterior cerebral artery
2. Middle cerebral artery
3. Posterior communicating artery
4. Ophthalmic artery
5. Anterior choroidal artery
6. Superior and inferior hypophyseal arteries
7. Hypothalamic artery

7. AnteriorCerebral Artery
● It passes above optic chiasma into
longitudinal fissure.
● It runs on medial surface above corpus
callosum.
● It ends at parieto- occipital sulcus.
● It is connected by its fellow of opposite side
by short anterior communicating artery

8. 2. Central branches (striate arteries):
● Small arteries pierce ant. perforated substance.
● Supply a part of caudate nucleus and putamen.
● Supply anterior limb of internal capsule.
● Branches:
1. Cortical branches: supply
● Large part of medial surface
● Upper most one finger’s breadth of superolateral
surface as far as parieto- occipital sulcus
● Medial part of orbital surface of frontal lobe

9. MiddleCerebral Artery
● It runs laterally in stem of lateral sulcus.
● On cortex of insula it divides into cortical branches supplying
the superolateral surface.

10. 1. Cortical branches
● They supply cortex of greater part of superolateral surface.
● Supply motor and sensory areas of trunk and face by:
 Rolandic artery
 Pre-Rolandic artery
 Post central artery
● Broca’s area.
● arteries.
2. Centralbranches:
● Medial and lateral lenticulo- striate arteries pierce A.P.S. to supply:
1. caudate nucleus
2. putamen and globus pallidus
3. Anterior and posterior limbs of internal capsule.

11. ● OphthalmicArtery:
● Enters orbit via optic canal with optic nerve.
● Central artery of retina a branch of ophthalmic
artery is an end artery and its occlusion results in
blindness.
● Posterior Communicatingartery:
● Arises from I.C.A. before giving terminal branches
● It joins posterior cerebral artery.
● Supplies optic chiasma, tract, hypothalamus, subthalamus and
ant. half of thalamus by anterior thalamo- striate artery.

12. ● Superiorandinferiorhypophysealarteries:
● They supply pituitary gland.
● Hypothalamicartery:supplies hypothalamus
Anteriorchoroidalartery:
● Supplies choroid plexus of inf. Horn of lateral ventricle.
● Supplies optic tract, L.G.B. and part of optic radiation.
● Supplies globus pallidus and part of post. Limb of internal
capsule.
● Supplies hippocampus and amygdaloid body.

13. VertebralArtery
● It is a branch of first part of subclavian artery.
● It enters cranial cavity through foramen magnum.
● Both arteries ascend on either side of medulla oblongata.
● They unite at lower border of pons to form basilar artery

14. BranchesofVertebral ArteryinCranial Cavity
1. Posterior spinal artery:
one on each side of spinal
cord.
2. Anterior spinal artery:
joins its fellow ant. To
medulla to form single
median artery.
3. Posterior inferior
cerebellar artery: supply
post. Part of inferior
surface of cerebellum and
forms choroid plexus of
4th ventricle.
4. Medullary branches

15. BasilarArtery
● It begins at lower border of pons by union of two
vertebral arteries.
● It ascends in median sulcus on ventral surface of
pons.
● It ends at upper border of pons by dividing into 2
posterior cerebral arteries.

16. Branchesofbasilarartery
1. Pontine branches.
2. Labyrinthine artery: runs laterally with
7th& 8th cranial nerves to internal
auditory meatus.
3. Anterior inferior cerebellar artery:
supply anterior part of inferior surface
of cerebellum.
4. Superior cerebellar artery: from upper
part of the artery to supply superior
surface of cerebellum.
5. Posterior cerebral artery: terminal
branch of basilar artery.

17. Posterior Cerebral Artery
• It runs backwards on lateral aspect of midbrain.
• It is separated from superior cerebellar artery by 3rd& 4th cranial nerves.
• It reaches lower and medial surfaces of occipital lobe where it divides into:
1. Parieto- occipital artery 2. Calcarine artery

18. ● Cortical branches: supply
● The whole occipital lobe including visual cortex.
● Inferior surface of temporal lobe except its pole.
● Lower most one finger’s breadth of lat. surface of
temporal lobe.
Centralbranches:
1. Perforating arteries pierce post. Perforated
substance.
They supply crus cerebri of midbrain and medial and lateral
geniculate bodies.
2. Posterior thalamo- striate artery supply post. Half of
thalamus.
3. Lateral and medial posterior choroidal arteries supply dorsum
of thalamus, pineal body and choroid plexus of 3rd v. and lateral v.

20. CircleofWillis
● It lies on the base of the brain and is related to
inter- peduncular fossa.

21. ● It is formed by:
● Anteriorly;
- Anterior cerebral arteries and
- Anterior communicating artery
● Posteriorly;
- 2 posterior cerebral arteries.
● Laterally;
- Posterior communicating arteries
- Internal carotid arteries
•It gives penetrating arteries to
thalamus, hypothalamus,
subthalamus and midbrain.

22. VeinsofTheBrain
1- Superior cerebral veins; end in SSS.
2- Inferior cerebral veins; end in superficial middle cerebral vein.
3- Superficial middle cerebral vein; ends in cavernous sinus and anastomoses
with SSS and transverse sinus.
4-Deep middle cerebral vein; lies deep to gyri of insula and ends in basal vein.
A-Superficial Cerebral
Veins:

23. ● BasalVein
● Formed at anterior perforated
substance by:
1. Deep middle cerebral vein.
2. Anterior cerebral vein.
3. Striate vein.
● 2 basal veins encircle the brain
stem and drain into great
cerebral vein
● Receives tributaries from optic
chiasma,& tract,
hypothalamus, corpus
striatum, tectum and inferior
cerebral vein

24. B-DeepCerebral Veins
1. Internal cerebral veins:
● Each one starts at interventricular foramen by:
1. Thalamostriate vein
2. Superior choroid vein
● It runs backwards between two layers of tela
choroidea of 3rd ventricle.
● Below splenium of CC it units with its fellow to
form great cerebral vein

25. 2. GreatCerebral Vein
● Located below splenium of
CC.
● It receives 2 internal cerebral
veins, 2 basal veins, posterior
callosal; vein and 2 internal
occipital veins.
● It joins inferior sagittal sinus
to form straight sinus

26. ThankYou