Cisterns of brain and its contents along with its classification and approach...Rajeev Bhandari
This presentation tell us about the basic of cistern , according to its classification both supra tentorial and infratentorial along with ventral and dorsal cistern. basically the cistern contains are well explained on this slide nerve , artery and vein. I hope it will help to rembember well about the contains of cistern and different location of cisterns.
Posterior fossa contains vital structures including cerebellum and brain stem and Vertebrobasilar vascular tree. Posterior fossa is supplied by AICA, PICA, SCA and PCA and their branches.
Brain CT Anatomy and Basic Interpretation Part IISakher Alkhaderi
Detailed anatomy of the brain ventricles , CSF production and pathway and arterial supply and venous drainage of the brain and corresponding CT cross sectional anatomy and definition of sulcus and gyrus and fissure and the names of the important gyri .
Cisterns of brain and its contents along with its classification and approach...Rajeev Bhandari
This presentation tell us about the basic of cistern , according to its classification both supra tentorial and infratentorial along with ventral and dorsal cistern. basically the cistern contains are well explained on this slide nerve , artery and vein. I hope it will help to rembember well about the contains of cistern and different location of cisterns.
Posterior fossa contains vital structures including cerebellum and brain stem and Vertebrobasilar vascular tree. Posterior fossa is supplied by AICA, PICA, SCA and PCA and their branches.
Brain CT Anatomy and Basic Interpretation Part IISakher Alkhaderi
Detailed anatomy of the brain ventricles , CSF production and pathway and arterial supply and venous drainage of the brain and corresponding CT cross sectional anatomy and definition of sulcus and gyrus and fissure and the names of the important gyri .
The origin, course, branches, and distribution of internal carotid artery.
The origin, course, branches, and distribution of basilar artery.
Describe the formation, branches and distribution of circulus arteriosus.
Outline the venous drainage of the brain.
Referred from different sources , here i present a very concise presentation on CRANIAL CAVITY . This presentation will give you complete knowledge of the topic cranial cavity with well elaborated and intellectual diagrams hand picked from F. Netter. ......... Do like and share , Leave your comments so as to get more stuff like this in future.
Pharmacological management of cerebral vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhagePrisma Health Upstate
Medical management of vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients. Despite targeting multiple pathophysiological mechanisms of DCI and vasospasm, most of the trials did not yield results that could translate to clinical practice. Fasudil and emerging therapies like cisternal irrigation and lumbar drainage combined with intrathecal vasodilators and phosphodiesterase medications showed promising results but need to be tested in a randomized clinical trial for effectiveness.
An overview of Decompression hemicraniectomy in patients with large hemispheric infarctions. The presentation touches upon definition, pathophysiology, medical management, rationale for surgery, mortality, functional outcomes of DHC, and complications in a nutshell.
Cryptogenic stroke and PFO have always been a controversial topic with no closure trial in the past showing significant benefit from closing the PFO in preventing the recurrent stroke. Also thought to be due to imperfect definition of cryptogenic stroke which is evolving with drop in the fraction of patients from 20-40% in the past to very fewer numbers due to increased understanding of the mechanisms involved in acute stroke. Recent trials REDUCE and CLOSE targeted the niche population of PFO with moderate to large shunt and atrial septal aneurysm and showed benefit of closing PFO compared to the antiplatelet therapy alone but with the risk of A.fib, device and procedure related complications. This presentation is made in the Cerebrovascular center weekly conference at the Cleveland Clinic with my perspective after these current trials.
Tenecteplase is a newer generation tissue plasminogen activator which can be given as a bolus dose than continuous infusion. Genentech, the same company that manufactures Alteplase makes Tenecteplase. Phase 2 RCTs have been done on Tenecteplase comparing its feasibility and safety against Alteplase and so far the studies have been encouraging. In a pooled meta analysis from the Australian TNKase trial and ATTEST trials, tenecteplase seems to be better in recanalizing LVO compared to Alteplase which also showed to improve functional outcome in the first 24hrs and 3 months mRS. But it is difficult to extrapolate the evidence into clinical practice yet as this is a very small number of patients and phase 3 RCTs will answer further questions. This tPA sibling to Alteplase is cheaper and widely available due to its use in Acute coronary syndrome management and its ease of administration demonstrate better profile. But as Genentech is the same company that manufactures both, there is skepticism that it will do any company led phase 3 RCTs to build the evidence for TNKase in Acute ischemic stroke as it is cheaper than Alteplase and they even increased the price of alteplase to >100% since its introduction into the market.
Case presentation at the Time Critical Diagnosis summit at Columbia, Missouri. Education conference for EMS, nurses and advance practice providers. 04-07-2017
RCVS is usually a benign cerebral vascular dysregulation induced clinico-radiological syndrome presents typically with recurrent thunderclap headache with or without ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke or cerebral edema with vasoconstriction. Various risk factors are responsible for this syndrome.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
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Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
8. Branches of the Common carotid artery
1. Paired arteries
2. Right side takes origin from
the Brachiocephalic trunk at
the level of Sternoclavicular
joint
3. Left side takes origin from the
arch of Aorta in the superior
mediastinum at the level of
second intercostal joint
20. Ophthalmic Artery
1. Originates at the level of Anterior
Clinoid process of the ICA. So it is
intradural at the site of origin,
2. It supplies the contents of the orbit,
Sphenoid sinus, Ethmoid air cells,
Nasal mucosa, Dura mater of the
Anterior Cranial Fossa, Skin of the
Forehead, Root of the nose and
Eyelids.
3. In case of stenosis of the ICA, the
cutaneous branches of the Ophthalmic
artery forms anastomosis with the
branches of the ECA.
21. PCOM
1. In the early stages of the embryonic
development, it is a proximal segment of
the Posterior Cerebral Artery which is at
first a branch of the ICA and only later
comes to be supplied by the Basilar
Artery.
2. Fetal origin of the PCOM - 25%
3. Joins the PCA at 10mm lateral to the
Basilar tip.
4. Most important anastomotic connection
between the Anterior and Posterior
circulation
5. Perforating branches to Tubercinerium,
mamillary body, Rostral thalamic nuclei,
Subthalamus and part of Internal Capsule
22.
23. Arterial Supply of the Interior of the Brain
1. Anterior Choroidal Artery: Branch of ICA distal to the
PCOM runs towards the occiput parallel to the Optic
tract and then enters Choroidal fissure to supply the
choroid plexus of the Temporal horn of the Lateral
ventricle.
2. It gives branches to Optic tract, Uncus, Hippocampus,
Amygdala, Part of the Basal ganglia, Part of the
Internal capsule. It also supplies part of fhe Pyramidal
tract.
3. Anastomotic connections with the Lateral posteriro
Choroidal Artery.
31. The proximal section of the Anterior Cerebral Artery gives off Perforating branches
to the Paraseptal region, Rostral portion of the Basal Ganglia, the diencephalon,
Anteior limb of the Internal Capsule
32. RECURRENT ARTERY OF HEUBNER
It is the large branch of Anterior Cerebral
Artery that supplies the Basal Ganglia
sometimes visible on the angiogram. It is the
distal part of the medial Striate artery.
Supplies the Anterior-medial section of the
Caudate nucleus, Anterior-inferior section of
the Internal Capsule as well as parts of the
putamen and Septal nuclei
41. Cotical Branches of the Middle Cerebral Artery
1. Orbitofrontal
2. Prerolandic
3. Rolandic
4. Anterior Parietal
5. Posterior Parietal
6. Artery of Angular gyrus
7. Temporo-occipital/Posterior
Temporal
42. The cortical areas
supplied by the MCA
include Language
areas of Broca and
Wernicke, the Primary
auditory cortex and
gustatory cortex.
43.
44. ARTERIES OF THE POSTERIOR FOSSA
Vascular Anatomy in this region is highly
variable
Anterior Spinal Artery always arises from
the Intradural portion of the Vertebral Artery
46. POSTERIOR INFERIOR CEREBELLAR ARTERY
Largest branch of Vertebral Artery
Supplies the basal portion of the
cerebellar hemispheres, The lower portion
of the Vermis, part of the cerebellar nuclei
and the choroid plexus of the IV ventricle
and Dorsolateral portion of the Medulla
Congenitally small vertebral artery may
terminate as PICA and give off no
contribution to the Basilar artery, which in
such cases is simply a continuation of the
contralateral vertebral artery
47.
48.
49. BASILAR ARTERY
Arises from the union of Right and Left Vertebral arteries in front of the Brainstem
at a lower pontine level
Branches: 2 pairs of cerebellar arteries (AICA and SCA) and the Posterior
Cerebral arteries
Small perforating branches to Brainstem
Paramedian branches, short and long circumferential branches.
50.
51. ANTERIOR INFERIOR CEREBELLAR ARTERY
First major branch of the Basilar artery
Supplies the Flocculus, Anterior portion of the Cerebellar hemisphere
Anastomoses with branches of PICA and its distribution is highly variable.
Gives of Labyrinthine artery to the inner ear
52. SUPERIOR CEREBELLAR ARTERY
Arises from the basilar artery below its
tip and supplies the Rostral portion of
cerebellar hemisphere and upper
portion of the vermis
As it curves around the midbrain, it
gives off branches to the midbrain
53. POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY
At an earlier stage in the ontogenic
development, the PCA is a branch of ICA
It originates at the Basilar bifurcation and
then curves around the midbrain and
enters the AMBIENT cistern where it has a
close spatial relation to the tentorial edge
Within the cistern, the PCA divides into
major cortical branches including
Calcarine, Occipito-temporal arteries and
Temporal Branches
54.
55. Thalamoperforating Branches
Anteior and Posterior arteries
Anterior TPA/Thalamotuberal artery:
Mainly supplies the Rostral portion of
the Thalamus
Posteior TPA/Thalamoperforating
Artery: Basal and medial portions of
the Thalamus as well as the Pulvinar,
Sometimes share a common trunk
called the Artery of Percheron
56. Thalamogeniculate Artery
DIstal to the origin of the PCOM
It supplies the lateral portion of the Thalamus
Posterior Choroidal Arteries
Medial Branch : Supplies the midbrain and also the choroid plexus of the III
ventricle
Lateral Branch supplies the choroid plexus of the Lateral ventricle and has an
anastomotic connection with the anterior choroidal artery.
Both arteries supply the Geniculate bodies, Medial and posteromedial thalamic
nuclei and the Pulvinar
57. CORTICAL BRANCHES OF THE PCA
PCA territory is delimited by the Sylvian fissure. In others the MCA supplies the
entire convexity of the Brain including the Occipital pole.
The visual cortex of the calcarine sulcus is always supplied by the PCA. The optic
radiation is however often supplied by the MCA so that homonymous hemianopsia
doesn’t always incline an infarct in the territory of the PCA
The PCA also has temporal branches to the temporal lobes
58.
59. COLLATERAL
CIRCULATION OF
THE BRAIN
COLLATERALS FROM EXTERNAL TO
INTERNAL CAROTID CIRCULATION
1.External carotid artery - Facial Artery -
Angular Artery - ICA
2.ECA - Superficial temporal artery - Angular
Artery - ICA
COLLATERALS FROM EXTERNAL TO
VERTEBRAL CIRCULATION
1. ECA-Occipital Artery-Vertebral Artery
CIRCLE OF WILLIS
LEPTOMENIGEAL COLLATERALS
CALLOSAL ANASTOMOSIS
60. Unlike the rest of the body Veins don’t run together with its arterial counterparts.
The territories of the Cerebral arteries do not coincide with the cerebral veins
Venous blood from Brain parenchyma crosses the subarachnoid and subdural
spaces in short cortical veins like Superior anastomotic vein of Trolard, Dorsal
superior Cerebral Vein, Superficial middle cerebral vein and Inferior Anastomotic
vein of Labbe.
VENOUS ANATOMY
64. Deep Cerebral Veins
● Venous blood from the deep regions of the
Brain including the Basal ganglia and thalamus
drain into the paired Internal Cerebral veins and
paired Basal Veins of Rosenthal
● Internal Cerebral veins are created by the
confluence of the Septum Pellucidum with the
Thalamostriate vein
● These 4 veins from both sides join behind the
Splenium to form the Great Vein of Galen
● The Blood from there is drained into the
Straight sinus (Sinus Rectus) and then into the
confluence of sinuses (Confluence sinus,
torcular herophili)
65. Dural Sinuses
● Superficial and deep veins of the Brain drain
into the Dural Venous sinuses.
● Most of the venous drainage in the Superior
Sagittal sinus travel from front to back which
runs in the midline along the attachment of Falx
Cerebri
● At the point in the back of the Head where the
Falx cerebri merges with the Tentorium, the
SSS is joined by the Straight sinus which runs
in the midline along the attachment of tentorium
and carries blood from deep regions of the
Brain.
● The blood from the SSS and SS is then
66. Dural Sinuses Contd...
● From the TS the blood drains into the
Sigmoid sinuses and then to the
Internal Jugular vein.
● The sinuses are often asymmetric and
a number of variants of the venous
drainage patterns.
67. Pterygoid Plexus
● Blood from the brain also drains into
the viscerocranial system by the way
of Pterygoid plexus.
● The cavernous sinus formed by the
dural folds at the base of the Skull
also drains from basal regions of the
Brain; from the temporal lobes and
from Orbit by way of Superior and
Inferior Ophthalmic veins.
● It is connected to the Sigmoid sinus
through Superior and Inferior Petrosal
sinuses
72. VASCULAR ANATOMY OF SPINAL CORD
Mostly anastomotic blood supply from Anterior Spinal Artery and paired Posterior
Spinal arteries
Anterior Spinal Artery:
● It runs down the ventral surface of the Spinal cord at the anterior edge of the
anterior median fissure. It receives Segmental contribution from a number of
arteries and supply to the ventral part of the spinal grey matter through
perforating vessels known as SULCO-COMMISSURAL ARTERIES.
● Each artery supplies one half of the spinal cord, important structures supplied
by the ASA include Anterior Horns, Lateral Spinothalamic tract and part of the
Pyramidal tract.
73.
74. POSTEROLATERAL SPINAL ARTERIES
● Paired
● Runs on the Dorsal side between the Posterior roots and lateral columns on
either side.
● Supplies the posterior columns, roots and Dorsal horns
● The longitudinal axis are connected by radicular anastomosis. These
arteries supply the anterior and Lateral columns through perforating
branches.
● In the periphery however, the arteries of the spinal cord are functional end
arteries. Intramedullary embolic occlusion of a Sulco-commissural artery
75. ARTERIAL NETWORK OF SPINAL CORD
● Number of segmental arteries contribute
to the blood supply of Spinal cord
● In the Upper Cervical Region, the
anterior spinal artery receives most of
the blood from the Vertebral artery
● Further down the cord, Longitudinal
vessels receive blood from the Vertebral
artery, subclavian artery or both.
● Segmental arteries preferentially arise
from the Costocervical and
Thyrocervical trunk.
● From T3 down, the ASA is fed by the
Aortic branches
● The thoracic and Lumbar segmental
arteries also contribute few branches to
ASA or the posterolateral Spinal
Arteries.
● Segmental artery is divided into Anterior
and Posterior branches which enter the
Spinal Canal with the anterior and
Posterior root
76. GREAT RADICULAR ARTERY OR ARTERY OF
ADAMKEIWICZ
Large segmental artery supplying the lower Spinal cord
T9-L1
THe developmental ascent of the Spinal cord makes this
artery join the ASA at an acute angle (Hairpin
configuration)
77. VENOUS DRAINAGE OF SPINAL CORD
● EPI-MEDULLARY VENOUS NETWORK
Also called Internal Spinal venous plexus -
Drains the spinal cord into the Subarachnoid
area. These communicate with the radicular
vein with the epidural venous plexus.
● EPIDURAL VENOUS PLEXUS
Anterior and Posterior External Vertebral
venous plexus
Drains into the large veins of the Body.
Editor's Notes
Hi Welcome to all to this Neuroanatomy conference. I am presenting Cerebrovascular anatomy