This document provides an overview of vitamin B12, including its history, chemistry, structure, properties, types, functions, and deficiency. Vitamin B12 was first discovered by George Whipple and further researched by George Richards Minot and William Murphy. It contains cobalt and has a corrin ring structure. Key types include cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, and methylcobalamin. Vitamin B12 plays important roles in nerve function, blood formation, protein metabolism, and acting as an antidote for cyanide poisoning. Deficiency can cause fatigue, neurological problems, and other issues.

1. PRESENTATIONON :- Structure Function And Chemistry Of
Vitamin B12
PRESENTEDBY :- KARAN GOWARDHAN SATHAWANE
M.Sc.
SUBJECT :- Microbial Metabolites (MMT)
presentedto :- Head of dept:-
Dr.N.B. HIRULKAR
(2018 – 19)

2. List Of content :-
 Introduction
 History
 Chemistry of B 12
 Structure of B 12
 Physical properties
 Chemical properties
 Types of vitamin B 12
 Cyanocobalamin
 Hydrocobalamin
 Methylcobalamin
 Function of vitamin B 12
 Vitamin B12 Deficiency

3. Introduction:-
 Vitamin B12, vitamin B 12 or vitamin B- 12, also called cobalamin, is water
- soluble vitamin with a key role in the normal functioning of the brain and
nervous system and formation of blood. It is one of the eight B vitamins.

4. History :-
 George Whipple
 B12 was first discovered by him.
 George Richards Minot and William Murphy
 They are also found that an entirely different liver substance
cured pernicious anemia in human which was B 12

5.  Edwin Cohn :-
 Chemist Edwin Cohn prepared a liver extract. The extract
was the first workable treatment for the disease. Whipple,
Minot, and Murphy shared in 1934 Nobel Prize in
Physiology or Medicine.

6. Chemistry :-
 Vitamin B12 is water soluble , heat stable and red color.
 It contains 4.35 % cobalt by weight.
 It contains 63 carbon, 14 nitrogen and one cobalt atom .
 Four pyrrole rings co - ordinated with cobalt atom is called a
corrin ring.

7. Structure Of Vitamin B 12
 The chemical structure of the molecule was determined by
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin and her term in 1956 based on
crystallographic data.

8. Physical Properties :-
 Vitamin B 12 is very stable at high temperature just if pH is ranged from 4.5
to 5.0 while the strong acidic and highly alkaline environment loses its
vitamin activity.
 This vitamin is rapidly degraded in the light and therefore it is necessary to
keep it in the dark. Vitamin B 12 is negatively affected by alcohol, sleeping
pills, estrogen etc.
 Vitamin B 12 is well soluble in water , ethanol and methanol
 B 12 are all deeply red colored crystals and water solutions, due to the color
of the cobalt- corrin complex.

9. Chemical properties :-
 Under the term vitamin B 12 several compounds that are similar in chemical
structure are included. There are classified : Cyanocobalamin,
Oxycobalamin, Nitrocobalamin, Aquacobalamin, etc .
 In the structure of the vitamin B 12 element cobalt is included. In the
isolation of vitamin B 12,we can get its cyanocobalamin, derived in which
structure enters cyanide group, linked to an atom of cobalt.

10. Types Of Vitamin B 12
1) Cyanocobalamin :-
 Pure cyanocobalamin possesses the deep pink color associated with most
octahedral cobalt (II) complexes
 It is used to treat pernicious anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency.

11. 2) Hydroxocobalamin :-
 Hydroxocobalamin is sometime denoted by B12.
 It has an avid affinity for cyanide ion and has been used
antidote to cyanide poisoning.
 It is supplied typically in water solution for injection.

12. 3) Methylcobalamin
 Methylcobalamin ( mecobalamin, MeCbl, or MeB12)is
acobalamin a form of vitamin B 12.
 It differ from cyanocobalamin in that the cyanide is replace
by a methyl group.
 Used in treatment of perpheral neuropathy.

13. Function :-
 Act as an antidote for Cyanide poisoning :-
 Cyanokit contains hydroxocabalamin, a form of vitamin B 12.
 It is used as antidote to cyanide poisoning.
 Hydroxocobalamin works by helping cells in the body convert
cyanide to a form that can be removed from the body through
urination.

14.  Regulates the over – production of the allergen antibody IgE
in allergic individuals :

15.  Responsible for reducing depression :-
 Vitamin B 12 works together with a compound that
produces serotonin thus reducing the incidence of
depression.
 Vitamin B 12 is also used in the treatment of Anemia
disease

16.  Helps in healthy regulation of the Homocysteine control :
 Elevated homocysteine is risk factor for heart disease and
many adversely affect the cardiovascular system, brain
function, neurotransmitter function and mood balance .
 Helps to protect against cancers including breast, colon,
lung, and prostate cancer .

17.  In the treatment of pernicious Anemia :-
 Essential for healthy skin, hair and nails. Helps in cell
reproduction and constant renewal of the skin.

18.  Responsible for reducing brain shrinkage :-
 B12 vitamin dramatically lower homocysteine, risk factor
for brain shrinkage

19. Vitamin B 12 Deficiency :-
 Symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency include :-
 Low energy / fatugue / muscles pain
 Sexual problems / infertility
 Depression / Anxiety
 Mood disorder
 Memory loss
 Studies have also linked B 12 deficiency to :-
 Alzheimer’s / Dementia
 Autoimmune disease
 Cardiovascular disease
 Cancer

20. References :-
 https://www.google.com/search?source=hp&ei=ZwCh
XKaXLcbUz7sPrYSk8AY&q=vitamin+b+12&btnK=Goo
gle+Search
 https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/vitamin-b12-
deficiency-symptoms
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12

21. Thank you ………..