DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
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DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
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Vital Signs of Animals Presentation By Aftab Ahmed Rahimoon
1. Vital Signs Of Animals
Animal Husbandry (Agr-407)
Presented by
Aftab Ahmed Rahimoon
Agriculture Dept.
Karachi university
2. What is Vital Signs of Animals?
• Just like humans, animals have measurable vital
signs that indicate their body's overall
functioning.
• These vital signs include breathing rate, heart
rate, temperature and blood pressure.
• change with age, sex, weight, fitness and
condition.
3. Method to Take Vital Signs?
Sheep/Goat
• Temperature measure rectally by
using digital thermometer.
• Pulse rate Place your fingers on the
left side of the lower ribcage count
how many heart beats per minute.
• Respiration rate By observing No of
breaths taken in 15 sec X 4
4. Cattle/Buffalo
• Temperature measure
rectally by using digital
thermometer.
• Pulse rate We measure using
Jugular veins
• Respiration rate By observing
No of breaths taken in 15 sec
X 4
Respiration rate
6. Donkey/Horse
Temperature measure
rectally by using digital
thermometer.
Pulse rate can be taken by
Facial artery/femoral veins
Respiration can be taken by
watching animal chest in-out
/by nostrils
7. Cat/Dog
Temperature measure rectally
by using digital thermometer.
Pulse rate putting your fingers
on the inside of their hind legs,
near where the leg meets the
body.
Respiration can be taken by
watching animal chest in & out
/by nostrils
8.
9. Birds(Chicken)
• Gently insert the thermometer into the
cloaca. The chicken's temperature is relatively
high compared to humans
• Pulse rate Measured by brachial artery.
• Respiration Measured by nostrils no of
breaths taken in 15 sec X 4= ?
11. Name of
Animals
Temp °F Respiration Pulse
rate
Cattle 100.5-102.5 12-16 BPM 60 to 70
Buffalo 99.5-102.0 15-30 BPM 38 to 35
Sheep 100.8-103.8 15-30 BPM 70 to 90
Goat 102.5-104.8 15-30 BPM 70 to 90
Cat 101.0-102.5 16-40 BPM 120-140
Chicken 105-107 20-30 BPM 250–300
12. Temperature:
Degree of heat of a living body
Should be in normal limits
Depend on various conditions
Increase or decrease with weather
Highest in the evening and lowest in the deep
sleep at night
Above normal limits-Fever Hyperthermia
Below normal limits-hypothermia
13. Importance
• Vitals display what's actually going on inside the
animal body.
• They provide important information about the
animals organs.
• Therefore, the importance of vital signs
monitoring is that it allows one to assess the
wellbeing
Editor's Notes
* If any of these issues caused a schedule delay or need to be discussed further, include details in next slide.
What is the project about?
Define the goal of this project
Is it similar to projects in the past or is it a new effort?
Define the scope of this project
Is it an independent project or is it related to other projects?
* Note that this slide is not necessary for weekly status meetings
Duplicate this slide as necessary if there is more than one issue.
This and related slides can be moved to the appendix or hidden if necessary.
The following slides show several examples of timelines using SmartArt graphics.
Include a timeline for the project, clearly marking milestones, important dates, and highlight where the project is now.