Precision Farming in Fruit crops

1. Doctoral Seminar (FSC-691)
Banda University of Agriculture and Technology,
Banda (U.P)
Name- Shivam Chaurasia
ID:- 2426
Ph.D. Fruit science
Department of Fruit Science

2. PRECISION FARMING IN FRUIT CROPS

3. Content:
 Introduction
 Objectives
 Importance
 Uses
 Components
 Challenges
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Why Precision Farming
 Application In Fruit Crops
 Conclusion

4.  "Precision Farming is broadly defined as monitoring and control applied to agriculture,
including site specific application on inputs, timing of operations and monitoring of
crops and employees" (Lowenberg-DeBoer & Boehlje, 1996).
 Precision farming is generally defined as information and technology based farm
management system to identify analysis and manage variability within fields for
optimum profitability, sustainability and protection of the land resource. (Subrata kr.
Mandal and Atanu maity, 2013).
 Precision farming (PF) is an approach where inputs are utilized in precise amounts to
get increased average yields, compared to traditional cultivation techniques or It
basically means adding the right amount of treatment at the right time and the right
location within a field.
 Precision farming is also known as site-specific crop management, as-needed farming.
 The goal of PF is to ensure profitability, sustainability and protection of the
environment.
Introduction:

5. Precision Farming Cycle:

6. Objective of Precision Farming:
 To identify the causes of within field variation in crop performance.
 To increase production efficiency.
 To improve product quality.
 To use chemical more efficiently.
 To protect soil and ground water.
 To determine the potential economic and environmental benefits.

7. Importance of Precision Farming:
Prevents soil degradation in cultivable land.
Reduction of chemical use in crop production.
Efficient use of water resource.
Dissemination of modern farm practises to improve
quality, quantity & reduced cost of production.
Precision farming is changing the socio-economic status
of farmers.

8. Use of Precision Farming:
 Agricultural Mapping and Field Scouting.
 Soil Sampling and Analysis.
 Weather Monitoring.
 Labour and Equipment Management.
USE OF PRECISION FARMING

9. Components of Precision Farming:
Global Positioning System (GPS)
Geographical Information System (GIS)
Yield Monitors
Variable Rate Technology
Yield mapping Technology
Remote sensing

10. COMPONENTS OF PRECISION FARMING
Fig: Components of Precision Farming:

11. Global Positioning System (GPS):
 GPS is a navigation system based on a network of satellites that helps
users to record positional information (latitude, longitude and elevation)
 The system allows farmers to reliably identify field locations so that
inputs (seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and irrigation water) can
be applied to an individual field, based on performance criteria and
previous input applications.
 Accurate field navigation minimizes redundant applications and skipped
areas, and enables maximum ground coverage in the shortest possible
time.
 GPS enables real-time data collection that generates accurate position
information.

12. Fig: Working Model of GPS:

13. Geographical Information System (GIS):
 Precision farming's brain is the geographic information system (GIS).
 A geographic information system is a computer-based system for
storing very large amount of data, retrieving, manipulating, and
displaying them for easy interpretation.
 It's a well-organized system of computer software, hardware,
geographic data and employees that captures, stores, updates,
manipulates, analyses and displays all kinds of geographically linked
data.
 GIS system gives farmers a possibility to aggregate data in a visually-
rich way.

14. Benefits of GIS
Fig: Working Model of GIS Fig: Benefits of GIS

15. Yield Monitors:
 Yield monitors are crop yield measuring devices installed on
harvesting equipment.
 The yield data from the monitor is recorded and stored at regular
intervals along with positional data received from the GPS unit.
 Yield monitors on combines generate yield maps during the harvest
period by measuring the amount of harvest collected at precise
points geo-located across a field using GPS and GIS technology.
 Yield maps are layered with other precision ag technology such as
soil maps to refine farm management decisions for better outcomes.

16. Fig: Yield monitor device

17. Variable Rate Technology:
 Variable rate technology consists of farm equipment with the ability
to precisely control the rate of application of crop inputs and tillage
operations.
 This technology uses the appropriate rates of inputs, reduces the
costs as well as maintaining the proper balance with environment
with no any compromise with yield and quality.
 Two basic technology of variable rate technology:
 map based
 sensor based

18. Map based technology:
 Map based system is generally based on present and past data. It allows
the Information collection and adjust the fertilizer rate, pesticide rate,
seed rate to apply on the field.

19. Sensor based technology:
 Sensor based technology detect the soil and crop characteristics and
adjust the application equipment as per need. This system is more
accepted by the Farmers.

20. Yield Mapping Technology:
 Yield is the most accurate indicator of variation in various cultivation
parameters throughout a field.
 Yield mapping or is a technique in agriculture of using GPS data to
analyze variables such as crop yield and moisture content in a given
field.
 Yield mapping, interpretation, and association with geographic and
temporal variability of various indicators aid in the creation of crop
management strategies for the next season.
 This data produces a yield map that can be used to compare yield
distribution within the field from year to year. This allows farmers to
determine areas of the field that, for example, may need to be more
heavily irrigated or are not yielding any crop at all.

21. Fig: Yield map showing the within-field yield
spatial variability

22. Remote Sensing:
 Remote sensing is the science of acquiring information about an
object or phenomenon by measuring emitted and reflected radiation.
 Remote sensing is a satellite-based precision farming technique in
which images is collected via satellite-based sensors.
 Remote sensor basically used for the collection of techniques that
can collect wild data without contact with an object (plant or soil)
using light emitting from a plant or soil.

23. Elements of Remote Sensing:
 Energy source or illumination (A)
 Radiation and the environment (B)
 Interaction with the object (C)
 Recording of energy by the sensor (D)
 Transmission, Reception and Processing (E)
 Interpretation and Analysis (F)
 Application (G)

24. Fig : Precision Farming model:

25. Challenges Hindering Precision Farming
Adoption:
Climatic aberrations.
Lack of continuously monitoring the health and
availability of the nature resources.
Lack of local technical expertise.
Land ownership and infrastructure constraint.
Uncertainty in getting the various the inputs.
Operational constraint.

26. Advantages of Precision Farming:
Precision farming provides easy management of arable land
in large area and reduces the time.
To provide chances for better resource use and reduce
wastage.
It provides technological support to produce more
qualitative matter than the traditional system.
It minimizes the maximum risk to the environmental
factors.
To manage the non-uniform land through divided into
smaller plots according to specific need.

27. Disadvantages of Precision Farming:
Preliminary cost may be high.
Need of technical expertise in these areas.
Extremely demanding effort predominantly collecting &
analyzing data.
It should be seen as long-term investment.
It may take some years to fully implement the system.

28. Why Precision Farming ?
 Precision Farming technologies like machine learning and AI can help
to reduce on-farm field waste by increasing crop quality.
 By making more precise decisions, farmers are able to manage their
inputs and nutrients more carefully.
 It help in less wasted fertilizer and nutrient runoff which results in
control of excess loss.
 By using remote sensing, farmers can hone in exactly where disease
and pests pressures are high, applying chemicals only where they are
needed rather than the entire field, reducing the volume of herbicides
and fungicides they use.
 By monitoring equipment and drivers, farm managers can hone in and
reduce fuel consumption, resulting in fewer emissions.

29. Application of Precision Farming in Fruit
Crops:
 In Banana:The banana is one of the crops in India that has benefited greatly from precision farming
techniques. Micro propagation, fertigation, crop geometry, drip irrigation, mulching, organic
farming, proper hygiene of banana plantations through integrated disease and pest management,
 In Citrus : Automatic harvesting machine is used in citrus orchard for picking the fruit from the plant
without disturbing the another and through which it also determine the quantity of production and
also verify the production of each plant.
 In Apple: through the help of GPS, the exact shape and colour of apple in orchard can be determine
and help farmer to harvest it according to the consumer requirement.
 In Grapes: A yield monitoring system for commercial grape harvesters developed in cooperation
with Harvest master. A yield map of the vineyard revealed differences in the pruning and thinning
treatments as well as differences associated with location in the vineyard.

30. Fig: Red and Green apples produce their own
radiant pattern by which we can distinguish
between a red and a green apple by its color, shape.
Fig: Automatic harvesting machine

31. Fig: Grape Harvesting
machine
Fig: Automatic weeding machine

32. Conclusion:
Precision Farming in India is capable of bringing next green revolution to
produce food security as well as rural wealth. It is an advanced technology
that is proven in many of the developed and advanced countries of the
world and it has potential to achieve the demanding needs of any of the
countries but if it apply in proper way and right technological aspect. In
India the scope of precision farming has found limited till now. However,
many horticultural crops in India having high profit making market that also
offers wide scope for precision farming but it cannot be recognized yet. In
India where majority of peoples are dependent on agriculture and
horticulture sector the technology like precision farming and remote sensing
is the way that can help in the improvement of socio-economic status of
these farmers that helps in the income generation and all around
development of the country.

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34. THANK YOU