Enzymology

1. Biochemistry Lecture
GBSN (Unit 8)
Enzymology
by,
Miss Areesha Ahmad
Lecturer

8. An amino acid residue is the remaining part of an amino acid after two or more amino acids combine to
form a peptide, with water molecules removed

15. A prosthetic group is a non-protein molecule that is tightly bound to an
enzyme and is essential for the enzyme's catalytic activity. Prosthetic
groups are crucial for the proper function of proteins and can include
metal ions flavins, pyridine nucleotides, thiamine, biotin, and
cobalamine.

16. Flavin mononucleotide is a form of vitamin B2
Heme, or haem, is a ring-shaped iron-containing molecule
NADH: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NADPH: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)
Biological carrier of electrons

17. Coenzymes
• Coenzymes are small, non-protein organic molecules that help enzymes catalyze
reactions.
• Co-enzymes are relatively small organic molecules often derived from vitamins.
• Coenzymes are often vitamins or vitamin derivatives, and all water-soluble vitamins and
vitamins A and K function as coenzymes.
• Some are reactants in enzyme-catalysed reactions which are released from the enzyme
active site during reaction eg, NADH, NADPH and ATP
• While others are essential parts of many enzymes (sometimes called prosthetic groups).
Flavin mononucleotide is a form of vitamin B2
Heme, or haem, is a ring-shaped iron-containing molecule
NADH: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NADPH: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)
Biological carrier of electrons

18. •An apoenzyme is the protein portion of an enzyme
complex, and is enzymatically inactive without a
cofactor.
•When an apoenzyme binds to a cofactor, it becomes
active and is known as a holoenzyme.

33. Assignment