Consolidatory and Free Writing

1. Two Dimensions
of Writing

2. Consolidatory Writing
• It is an activity which is primarily
designed to reinforce oral skills.
• It provides opportunity in
– Basic structures
– Grammar
– Rules and Lexical Items
– Rhetorical Pattern

3. Free Writing
• Free Compositions
• It focuses on the creative use
of language in
communication of ideas.

4. Examples of fully
controlled writing
exercises:

5. 1. Copying sentences and paragraphs.
2. Taking down sentences and
paragraphs from dictation.
3. Rewriting sentences and selecting
the correct word or expression from
parenthesis.
The child was punished for her
_______. (obey)

6. 4. Substituting correct grammatical
forms and structures.
5. Substituting correct expression or
vocabulary term.
I bet you get married [A] before I get
married [A].
I bet you get married [A] before I do [B].

7. 6. Substituting specific and vivid forms for
general words and items.
• Wordy: Jen believed but could not
confirm that Nick had feelings of
affection for her. (14 words)
• Concise: Jen assumed that
Nick adored her. (6 words)

8. 7. Rewriting sentences and passages and
supplying the correct forms and
appropriate expressions.
Wrong:
1. My father knows well to teach English.
Correct:
1. My father knows how to teach English
well.

9. 8. Completing sentences in a paragraph.
9. Completing a paragraph by supplying
the missing details.
10. Writing a paragraph through a series of
questions.
11. Conversion of statements, questions and
commands.

10. 12. Transformation of sentences containing
structures and vocabulary items learned.
13. Writing a question for a given
statements.
14. Writing a question suggested by a given
answer.
15. Writing an outline based on unsorted list
of items or situations.

11. 16. Joining sentences.
17. Combining pair of sentences into one
sentence which meet a given statement.
18. Rearranging sentences into a story.
19. Paraphrasing sentences.
20. Paraphrasing paragraphs.

12. 21. Writing an outline and a paragraph
based on notes taken from dictations.
22. Writing dialogue similar to those in
the oral practice exercises, substituting
the pupil’s personal circumstances.
23. Writing a connected story from a
given set of sentences.

13. Examples of controlled
writing or guided
writing activities:

14. 1. Writing sentences making use of
structures or vocabulary learned.
2. Writing questions about reading
passage or listening comprehension
passage.
3. Writing sentences containing the
structures presented, based on set of
key words.
4. Writing a paragraph based on key
sentences.

15. 5. Writing an imaginary conversion based
on a given situations.
6. Writing compositions in the style of a
given passage or discourse.
7. Writing about personal experiences
and observations based on given
situation.
8. Retelling the story.
9. Finishing a story.

16. 10. Imitating model paragraph.
11. Writing one’s reactions to the main
ideas in the passages for reading and
listening comprehension.
12. Writing paragraphs that explain,
illustrate, list details, compare and
contrast, state reasons, define.

17. Examples of free writing
experience:

18. 1. Personal notes and letters
2. Business notes and letters
3. Simple narration
4. Description
5. Explanation
6. Argumentation