3. List to do in Academic Writing Skill
to be do do not
formal use complete, grammatical
sentences
use sophisticated vocabulary
the vocabulary must be precise
”talk” to the reader directly, using
phrases such as you should ... and
why don't you ...?
use colloquial expressions such as
History lectures are really cool
use contraction such as don't and
can't
objective write from a third person's point
of view
use first-person narration, such as I
will discuss .... and I will introduce
logical organize the writing into
paragraphs
use transitional expression to
show the relationship between
sentences
• include irrelevant or unnecessary
information
4. Editing
Editing is very important step in the writing process to improve your
work. Proper editing requires reading what you have written critically
and making necessary change.
Points in editing:
read your work atleast twice
first reading, check the content ang organization
second reading, examine each sentence more carefully for
correct grammar and style
Do peer editing! it has benefits:
find mistake you miss
tell you if your writing conveys your ideas accurately
suggest improvements
5. Editing an Essay
Using Pronouns
it allows writer to refer to topics in previous sentences without
repeating the same words
it improves coherence by showing the connections between
sentences clearly
6. essay editing checklist
first reading - content and orgaization
content
is any information not relevant to the thesis statement?
are the body paragraphs developed with appropriate amounts of details?
do the details support the main ideas effectively?
organization
does the essay have 3 components: an introductory paragraph, body
paragraphs, and a concluding paragraph?
second reading - grammar and style
are conjunctions used correctly?
are pronouns used correctly?
ise of writing appropriate for an academic essay?
are transitional expressions used effectively?
7. Paraphrasing
A paraphrase must be written in your own words and
structure. However, it must contain the same details as the
original. Therefore, when paraphrasing:
do not change any of the ideas in the original information
do not remove any ideas,or add new ones.
It is nor necessary to change every word in the original
information when you paraphrase. in fact, certain kinds of
words and phrases should not be changed because they
cannot be stated in any other way. these words and phrases
are called shared language. examples:
proper nouns (name of people, organizations, places, etc.)
common nouns thet are difficult to reword efficiently: history,
computer, summer, technology, etc.
technical terms: carbon dioxide, hibernation, gross national
product
numbers and dates: 17,0000; 42%; October 22.
8. Five steps of paraphrasing:
1. Read the original text. Make sure to understand it.
e.g (original text): 9% of the students who work part-time earn sufficient
income to support themselves
2. Identify and write down
• the shared language: 9%, students
• details from the original using different words: part-time jobs, make enough
money, earn a living
3. using only the words and phrases in your notes, write your paraphrase
and do not look the original text. e.g (paraphrased text): of all students
who work part-time jobs, 9% make enough money to earn a living.
4. compare your paraphrase with the original. Check the folowing:
does the paraphrase have the same meaning as the original?
does the paraphrase use ifferent sentence structure and vocabulary from the
original sentence?
as a general rule, if you have taken more than three words in a row from the
original sentence, you should rewrite that part.
5. revise your paraphrase as necesssary: Of all students who have part-
time jobs, just 9 % make enough money to earn a living.
9.
10.
11. Summarizing
1. read the original passage, make sure to
understand it.
2. identify the key point or points. these are
supported by specific details, statistic, and
examples.
3. identify and write down:
1. the shared language
2. details from the original using different words
4. using only the words and phrases in your notes,
write your summary.
5. compare your summary with the original text
6. revise your summary as necessary
12. Paraphrase - Give a Try – Number 1
Children have the play time as the happiest
thing in their age. Therefore, they need to
learn a subject with fun learning. One of
the fun subjects is arts. However, some
people believe that arts do not have a good
future for their kids.
13. Paraphrase - Give a Try – Number 2
School is not the only way for being successful
in life, but there are many ways to receive
success. Some people achieve their success
outside the school but some people receive their
success because of their school qualification.
Every person has their ability to survive in life
therefore there are many way to gain success
depend on the person.
14. TASK
Do all of the exercises below
submit the answer through spot
15. Exercise 1 - Editing Paragraph
Read the following paragraph in the picture
below and then do the task:
replace some of the pronouns with ones more
appropriate for academic writing.
replace nouns with pronouns wherever
appropriate
16.
17. Exercise 2 - Paraphrasing
Paraphase these sentences!
1. Medical officials blame sedentary activities like
internet use and video games for the dramatic jump
in obesity among teenagers.
2. Children who have pets while they are growing up
more likely to be calmer when the are adults.
3. Tablet computers will not only make textbooks
obsolete, but also potentially revolutionize
education.
4. Australian research found that athletes who did
warm-up activities before doing exercise had just as
many injuries as those who did no warm-up.
