Black leg in ruminants

1. ‫فى‬ ‫السوداء‬ ‫الساق‬ ‫مرض‬
‫المجترات‬
Black Leg In Ruminant

2. ‫ا‬
.
‫د‬
‫عطية‬ ‫حامد‬
‫البيطرية‬ ‫لألدوية‬ ‫الخبر‬ ‫اوميجا‬ ‫بمؤسسة‬ ‫الفنى‬ ‫المستشار‬
Black Leg In Ruminant

3. Actions of the toxins
Neurotoxic
Histotoxic
Enterotoxic
Lethal, sudden death
Tetanus
Botulism
Soft tissue
infections
Enteritis
“Enterotoxaemia”
Toxaemia
Black Leg
Black Disease
Malignant Edema

4. 1-BACK Leg DISEASE
(Black Quarter)
‫السوداء‬ ‫الساق‬ ‫مرض‬

9. 40

18. Pathogenesis

20. Gram stain of Clostridium: Gram-positive rods

21. ▪ Other acute Clostridial infections.
▪ Black Disease
▪ Three Day Sickness
▪ Anthrax
▪ Lactation tetany.
▪ Acute lead poisoning.
Differential diagnosis:

26. ‫األغنام‬ ‫فى‬ ‫حقلية‬ ‫مشكلة‬

27. ‫الحالة‬ ‫تاريخ‬

‫باالغنا‬ ‫الذيل‬ ‫منطقة‬ ‫فى‬ ‫ورم‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫من‬ ‫شكوي‬
‫م‬

‫بنس‬ ‫اصفر‬ ‫سائل‬ ‫وينزل‬ ‫يفتح‬ ‫فترة‬ ‫بعد‬
‫كبيرة‬ ‫بة‬
‫بالفيديو‬ ‫موضح‬ ‫كماهو‬

29. ‫التشخيص‬

‫الكلوستري‬ ‫بيمكروب‬ ‫االصابة‬ ‫كبير‬ ‫احتمال‬
‫ديا‬
(
‫السوداء‬ ‫الساق‬
)
Black Leg

30. ‫والوقاية‬ ‫العالج‬

‫األغنام‬ ‫عزل‬
‫المصابة‬
.

‫تنظيف‬
‫الجرح‬
‫معه‬ ‫والتعامل‬
‫الخراج‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫مثل‬
.

‫حيوى‬ ‫مضاد‬ ‫حقن‬
‫بنسلين‬
.

31. 2-BACK DISEASE
Infectious Necrotic
Hepatitis in Animals

32. Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis in
Animals
Infectious necrotic hepatitis is an acute
toxemia primarily of sheep caused by
Clostridium novyi type B.
 Death is sudden, often without clinical signs,
and seems to be limited to animals infected
with liver flukes.

33. Etiology and Pathogenesis
Clostridium novyi type B.
The organism multiplies in areas of liver
necrosis caused by migration of liver flukes
and produces a powerful necrotizing toxin
(alpha toxin)

34. The term 'black disease' relates
To the dark discolouration of the skin caused
by the marked subcutaneous venous
congestion observed at post-mortem
examination..
 ‫الحتقان‬ ‫نتيجة‬ ‫الحيوان‬ ‫نفوق‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫الجلد‬ ‫تحت‬ ‫سوداء‬ ‫طبقة‬ ‫تكون‬
‫بالدم‬ ‫وامتالئها‬ ‫الدموية‬ ‫األوعية‬

35. Clinical Findings
Affected animals often are 2–4 years old,
tend to lag behind the flock, assume sternal
recumbency, and die within a few hours.

36. Post Mortem
The most characteristic gross lesions are
grayish yellow, necrotic foci in liver tissue,
caused by the migration of the young flukes.

37. Post Mortem
Effusion in the pericardial sac and the
thoracic and abdominal cavities,
widespread hemorrhages and icterus, and
multifocal areas (1 to 2 mm) of coagulative
hepatic necrosis.

39. Black disease: dark brown swollen liver showing necrotic areas (1–2 cm)
in diameter surrounded by a zone of hyperaemia.

40. Liver flukes with Black disease

41. Black disease caused by C. novyi

42. Diagnosis
The fluorescent antibody technique may be
used to demonstrate C. novyi type B in
specimens from liver lesions.
Smears or histologic sections of the hepatic
lesions reveal large numbers of gram-
positive rods.

43. Prevention
Vaccination
Treatment of Fasciola

44. 3- Malignant edema
in Animals
‫الخبيثة‬ ‫االوديما‬ ‫مرض‬

45. Malignant Edema in Animals
Clostridium septicum, the cause of malignant
edema, is found in soil and intestinal
contents of all species of animals.
 Infection generally occurs via
contamination of wounds. ‫الجروح‬ ‫تلوث‬
The disease in sheep is named (Braxy).

46. Clinical Findings
Anorexia
High fever,
local lesions, develop within 6–48 hours
The local lesions are soft swellings that pit on
pressure

47. Clinical Findings
The muscle in such areas is dark brown to
black.
Accumulations of gas in subcutaneous tissue
and along muscle fascias may be present.

49. Clostridial gas gangrene due to C novyi myositis in a
Holstein cow. Notice multiple relief incisions

50. Malignant edema in a pig. Note the swelling in the
neck, as well as the blue color typical of gangrene.

51. Malignant edema in Horse

52. In rams, wound infection by C. novyi causes a
condition known as “swelled head.

53. Treatment
Administration of high doses of parenteral
penicillin, tetracyclines, or broad-spectrum
antimicrobials is indicated early in the
disease course.


54. Supportive treatment
Administration of NSAIDs (flunixin meglumine
for cattle and horses) is recommended.
 Local treatment includes surgical incision of
skin and fascia to allow drainage.
Fluid therapy.

55. Control of Malignant Edema
Vaccination
Proper carcass disposal to prevent soil
contamination

56. 3-Clostridial Vaccine

57. clostridial diseases
Lamb dysentery
Struck
Pulpy kidney
Braxy & Malignant oedema
Blackleg
Tetanus
Black disease
Bacillary haemoglobin urea
Cl. perfringens type B
Cl. perfringens type C
Cl. perfringens type D
Cl. novyi type B
Cl. septicum
Cl. chauvoei
Cl. novyi type D
Cl. tetani
caused by

58. ULTRABAC® 7
• ULTRABAC 7 provides effective,
protection against the following key
clostridial diseases:
• blackleg – Cl. chauvoei
• malignant edema – Cl. septicum
• black disease – Cl. novyi
• gas-gangrene – Cl. sordellii
• enterotoxemia, enteritis – Cl. perfringens
types B, C, and D
Packaging:
10-, 50-, & 200-dose vials
Dosage & route:
Shake well. Aseptically administer 5 mL
subcutaneously, followed by a second
dose 4–6 weeks later
Annual revaccination with a single dose is recommended
Indications:
1

59. Protects cattle, sheep & goat
against 8 clostridial diseases
S/C
Polyvalent formalized
killed vaccine
6 months
2nd dose
2 ml
5 ml
6 W
1st dose
2 ml
5 ml
sheep
cattle
2

60. Protects cattle, sheep & goat
against 8 clostridial diseases
S/C
Polyvalent formalized
killed vaccine
6 months
2nd dose
2 ml
5 ml
6 W
1st dose
2 ml
5 ml
sheep
cattle
3 Cubolac 8
United Biofarm

61. Protects cattle, sheep & goat
against 8 clostridial diseases
S/C
Polyvalent formalized
killed vaccine
6 months
2nd dose
2 ml
5 ml
6 W
1st dose
2 ml
5 ml
sheep
cattle
3-Covaccin 10
10

62. Co-vaccine 10

64. Any
Question?