Etiology,Clinical signs, Diagnosis and Treatment

1. Hemorrhagic Septicemia
Dr. Md. Mushtaq Wadud
DVM, MS (HSTU), CT (Chennai)

2. INTRODUCTION
• Also known as Pasteurollosis, shipping/transport fever.
• A very acute , highly fatal disease characterized by
acute septicaemia, high rise in temperature,
pneumonia, oedematous swelling of neck, depression,
widespread haemorrhage in visceral organs and death.
• Occurs mostly in cattle, buffalo, camel, sheep, goat
and pig
• Seen usually following some form of stress condition
such as driving, transporting, shipping , heavy
exercise etc.

3. Epidemiology
• Haemorrhagic septicemia is a major disease
of cattle and water buffalo in Asia, Africa and
some countries of southern Europe and
Middle East.
• Although it may be seen at any time of year,
the worst epidemics occur during the rainy
season.

4. Epidemiology (Cont..)
• Growing animals are more susceptible and more
death occur at the age of 16-18 months.The
Buffalo are 3 times more susceptible than cattle.
• As many as 5% of cattle and water buffaloes
may be carriers in endemic regions.
• The disease is more occur in low land area than
high land.

5. Etiology
• Caused by Pasteurella multocida
type-I organism.
• Gram negative, coccoid, short rod
or filamentous shaped
• Gives bipolar staining
• Less resistance to heat and light ,
No exotoxin production; Killed by
0.5% phenol in 15 minutes.
• Present as commensal in the
respiratory in normal healthy
condition.

6. Predisposing factors
• Malnutrition and unhygienic condition.
• Parasitic infestation.
• Overloading or hard labour.
• Adverse weather.
• Prolong transportation.
• Working in muddy land and starvation.

7. Transmission
• Cattle and buffaloes are most susceptible.
• Buffaloes are generally more susceptible to HS
than cattle and show more severe forms of
disease with profound clinical signs.
• In endemic areas most deaths are confined to
older calves and young adults.
• Spread through direct contact and by fomites.
• The organisms are also transmitted by ticks.

9. Clinical Signs
• Most cases follow acute or
peracute course.
• A fever, dullness, and reluctance
to move are the first signs.
• Salivation and a serous nasal
discharge develop, and
oedematous swellings become
apparent in the pharyngeal region;
these swellings spread to the
ventral cervical region and brisket.

10. Clinical Signs (Cont…)
• Yellowish color/straw color fluid comes out when
needle punctured in the swelling area.
• Mucous membranes are congested.

11. Differential Diagnosis
• Shipping fever is often mistakenly confused for HS, but
has a multifactorial aetiology (often Mannheimia
haemolytica), is not septicaemic, and does not cause
multisystemic petechial haemorrhages.
• The peracute nature of the disease and the extensive
oedema and haemorrhage make it difficult to
differentiate from blackleg and anthrax.
• Acute salmonellosis, mycoplasmosis, and pneumonic
pasteurellosis should also be considered.
• Allergic rhinitis, ascaris pneumonia, enzootic nasal
granuloma also should be considered.

12. Confirmatory Diagnosis
Confirmatory Diagnosis is done by laboratory and
serological examination.

13. Treatment
1. Sulphadin/SP-Vet/Tetravet-100
2. Asta Vet
3. Keto-A Vet
4. Normal Saline
5. Boric powder/Mag. Sulphate/Salt