6. 2-Rota virus
Rotavirus is the most common viral cause of diarrhea in
calves and lambs.
Groups A and B rotavirus are involved.
But group A is most prevalent and clinically important and
contains several serotypes of differing virulence.
7. 3-Corona virus
Corona virusis also commonly associated with diarrhea in
calves.
It replicates in the epithelium of the upper respiratory tract
and in the enterocytes of the intestine, where it produces
similar lesions to rotavirus but also infects the epithelial
cells of the large intestine to produce atrophy of the colonic
ridges. شعبية ونزلة معوية نزلة اعراض يسبب الفيروس
8. Incidence
In a study conducted in Spain:
Cryptosporidium species and rotavirus were the most
commonly detected agents,with a prevalence of 52 per cent
and 43 per cent, respectively (de la Fuente and others 1998).
Cryptosporidium
52%
Rota Virus
43%
9. Mortality rate
French study:
Reported a dairy calf mortality rate of 5.7% in heifers
between three days and one month of age
(Raboisson and others 2013).
10. Clinical signs of Bovine viral diarrhea
(BVDV).
• In calves:
• Ataxia/ lack of voluntary coordination of muscle
movements;
• Tremors
• Failure to nurse
• In severe cases the calf may die.
• Diarrhea, calf pneumonia,
11. Clinical signs of Bovine viral diarrhea
(BVDV).
• In Cattle:
• Fever.
• lethargy.
• loss of appetite.
• Ocular dishcharge, nasal dischargem oral
lesions.
• Diarrhea and decreasing milk production.
13. Clinical signs of Rota virus
• watery diarrhea and reluctance to eat or drink.
• A pale yellow calf scour sometimes containing specks of
blood;
• Calves are weak and are slow to get up or fail to get up at
all;
• In severe cases, this can lead to severe dehydration and
electrolyte imbalance, sometimes resulting in death.
• These symptoms generally persist for 2-4 days, with viral
shedding continuing for 5-7 days.
14. Clinical signs of corona virus
• Bovine coronaviruses cause respiratory and enteric
diseases in cattle and other ruminants
19. التشخيص طرق تابع
3- Field test for detection of antigen)Stripes for detection of
antigen of infectious causes
Laboratory diagnosis is usually based on detection of the
virus or virus antigens in faeces by direct electron
microscopy or tests such as ELISA and IEOP
23. Rotavirus and Coronavirus, destroy the gut lining of the small
intestine, reducing the digestive and absorptive capacity of the
intestine and causing diarrhoea.
25. Post mortem of BVD in A calf
Ulcers of the hard and soft palate
from a calf with bovine viral diarrhea
virus infection.
(Reproduced by courtesy of Dr C.S. Patton, University of
Tennessee)
Ulcers of the oesophagus from a calf
with bovine viral diarrhea virus
infection.
(Reproduced by courtesy of Dr C.S. Patton, University of
Tennessee)
26. Post mortem of BVD in A calf
Lesions of the abomasum from a
calf with bovine viral diarrhoea
virus infection.
(Reproduced by courtesy of Dr C.S. Patton, University of
Tennessee)
Extensive ulcer of the small intestine
from a calf with bovine viral diarrhea
virus infection.
(Kindly provided by Norden Laboratories, Lincoln, Nebraska)
27. Interstitial and fibrinous bronchopneumonia in a calf
experimentally infected with bovine viral diarrhoea
virus and Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica
Post mortem BVD
30. Treatment of BVD
Is limited primarily to supportive therapy.
Infected animals should be culled.
31. الوالدة حديثة المجترات فى المعدى االسهال مشكلة
Hypersecretory. األمعاء فى االفرازات زيادة
Inflammatory. األمعاء جدار التهاب
Malabsorptive . األمعاء جدار عبر السوائل امتصاص فى ضعف
These lead to loss of water and electrolytes:
Hypovolemia. السوائل حجم فى نقص
Acidemia. الدم فى حموضة
Hypoglycemia. الدم فى السكر نقص
Prerenal azotemia(elevations in BUN and creatinine
levels . الكلي انزيمات فى زيادة
32. Main Line of Treatment
للعالج العامة الخطوط
1-Fluid therapy( oral& systemic)
2-Antiacid.
3-Non steroidal anti-inflammatory
4- Steroidal anti-inflammatory (to treat septicemia).
5-Antispasmodic drugs
6-Antibiotic drugs.
33. 1-Fluid therapy
Administering an oral electrolyte solution between
milk feedings will assist with the management of
dehydration and acidosis.
More severely affected calves would require
intravenous fluid therapy with alkalinizing agents
(e.g., bicarbonate) and energy sources like
dextrose.
34. 2-Antiacid
الشديد الجفاف حالة فى
(
من أعلى
8
)%
عجل
40
كيلو
:
A hypertonic solution of sodium bicarbonate:
R/500 mL of a 4.2% solution.
or
R/250 mL of an 8.4% solution).
Followed by :
R/ Saline sol (NaCL 0.9%) 40 mL/kg/hour
until the volume deficit is corrected.
37. 5-Antispasmodic drugs
The use of drugs to reduce intestinal motility such as
hyoscine-N-butylbromide or atropine is sometimes
advocated, because they decrease fecal output.
R/Atropine
39. كوالى االى لعالج الحيوية المضادات افضل
• R/Third-generation cephalosporins:
• Ceftiofur
• R/(2.2 mg/kg given intramuscularly [IM]
• Every 12 h for at least 3 days.
40. عالية حرارة مع اسهال حالة لعالج روشته
• R/Marbofloxacinv (2 mg/kg I/M) for 5 days
• R/Meloxicam(one dose )
• (0.5 mg/kg bodyweight, intravenous or subcutaneous)
44. األلبان مزارع فى االسهال من الوقاية أساسيات
• The 3 main principles of diarrhea prevention in both beef
and dairy cattle include:
• (1) Vaccine in late gestation cattle ( Escherichia coli,
rotavirus, and coronavirus;).
• (2) A good colostrum program is in place ensuring
adequate intake of immunoglobulins by the calf;
• (3) Sanitation, hygiene, housing, and pasture management.
47. 1-Vaccination of Rota & Corona
This vaccination builds high antibody levels in the
colostrum, but the calf must get colostrum in the first few
hours of life for the vaccine to be effective.
48.
49.
50. Inactivated Bovine Rota, Corona
Viruses and E-Coli Vaccine
Protection of newly born calves
against diarrhoea caused by
Rota, Corona viruses and E-Coli
IM
2 doses at least two weeks apart to
pregnant cows, the second dose
given 2-3 weeks before calving.
2 ml in pregnant cow or buffalo
One year
51. Inactivated Bovine Rota, Corona
Viruses and E-Coli Vaccine
Protection of newly born calves
against diarrhoea caused by
Rota, Corona viruses and E-Coli
4 ml in pregnant cow or buffalo
PACKAGE:
bottles of 20, 40 and 100ml.
IM
2 doses at least two weeks apart to
pregnant cows, the second dose
given 2-3 weeks before calving.
One year
52. COMPOSITION:
Each dose contains at least 106 TCID50 of each
bovine Rota and Corona viruses and 6x1010 CFU of E
- Coli k99 Pili.
VACCINATION PROGRAMME:
- Two I/M doses at least two weeks apart
to pregnant cows, the second dose given 2-
3 weeks before calving.
- Revaccination with a single third dose if
cows have not calved within 40 days after
receiving their last dose.
53. 2-Vaccination Of BVD
Types of vaccine:
1-Modified live virus (MLV) vaccines:
Only one dose during the initial immunization step, however
they are more difficult to handle.
2- killed virus (KV) vaccines.
KV vaccines are usually more expensive and more than one
dose is required during immunization.