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Coccidia in new born ruminant prof. dr hamed attia
- 1. 7-Intestinal Diseases in new born animals B-Coccidiosis in neonatal ruminants
- 2. ا . د عطية حامد الحيوان طب استاذ – البيطرى الطب كلية الزقازيق جامعة - مصر الخبربالرياض اوميجا بمؤسسة الفنى المستشار البيطرية لألدوية 7 - المجترات فى االمعاء أمراض حديثة الوالدة 2 - الكوكسيديا مرض
- 3. مرض الكوكسيديا فى الحيوانات المختلف ة • An acute invasion and destruction of intestinal mucosa by protozoa of the genera Eimeria . • Serious disease in sheep, cattle, goats, pigs, poultry and rabbits • In dogs, cats and horses it is less diagnosed but it can cause illness. •
- 4. فى االيميريا انواع المختلفة الحيوانات • In calves: ( يوجد 20 منهم نوع 13 هى االنواع وأشهر ممرض نوع : • Eimeria bovis and Eimeria zuernii • In sheep: • Eimeria ovina • in dogs: • I. canis, • In poultry: • E. tenella, E. acervulina, and E. maxima.
- 9. الحياة دورة 1.Once a calf ingests sporozoites, they invade the lining of small and large intestines, down into the mucosa where they multiply by asexual development. 2.“Then they form a second stage. These merazoites rupture out of the mucosal cells and invade new cells, multiply again and produce a second generation.
- 10. الحياة دورة • This process continues for at least four asexual multiplication cycles. • After a few days with all this damage, they re-enter the mucosal lining and form male and female gametes. • These unite and secrete a wall around themselves and form an oocyst, which is passed out with feces to start the life cycle again.”
- 12. الحمالن فى االصابة 1.Most common in lambs 3-6 weeks old that are infected right after birth. 2. Infection is more common in wet months. الشتاء فصل 3.Parasite is transmitted orally and infection can occur from residual contamination of the environment or from parasites being shed by ewes
- 13. األعراض
- 14. الرضيعة العجول فى االعراض • In light infections:الخفيفة االصابة • Feed efficiency is reduced. • Watery feces, with little or no blood. • Animals show only slight discomfort for a few days.
- 15. الرضيعة العجول فى الشديدة االصابة أعراض • Thin, bloody diarrhea that may continue for >1 wk, • or thin feces with streaks or clots of blood, shreds of epithelium, and mucus. • They may develop a fever. • Depressed, and dehydrated; and lose weight. • Tenesmus • During the acute period, some calves die; • others die later from secondary complications (eg, pneumonia). • Calves with concurrent enteric infections (eg, Giardia) may be more severely affected than calves with coccidia infections alone
- 16. الرضيعة العجول فى الشديدة االصابة أعراض • Nervous signs (eg, muscular tremors, hyperesthesia, clonic-tonic convulsions with ventroflexion of the head and neck, nystagmus) and a high mortality rate (80%–90%) are seen in some calves with acute clinical coccidiosis. • ظهور اعراض عصبية فى فى بعض حاالت االصابة خاصة فى حاالت البرد الشديد
- 17. بقرى عجل فى كوكسيديا
- 20. الحمالن فى االعراض • Diarrhea • Fever • Dehydration • Loss of appetite • Wool breaking • Weight loss • Emaciation • Sometimes death
- 21. فى االعراض الكالب • However, in puppies and debilitated adult dogs, coccidiosis may cause severe watery diarrhea, dehydration, abdominal distress, and vomiting. In severe cases, death may occur. The species that most commonly causes clinical infections in dogs is I. canis,
- 22. التشخيص
- 23. التشخيص طرق • Fecal flotation or direct smear(oocysts) • or The McMaster technique. • Post mortem examination • Histopathology •
- 26. Differential diagnosis 1- Colibacillosis 2- Salmonellosis 3- Rota & Corona virus 4-Nutrional diarrhea
- 27. • Intestines showed congestion and hemorrhages. • On opening, it showed thickened and congested mucosa and presence of catarrhal exudate. التشريحية الصفة
- 28. Histopathology
- 30. العالج قبل مهمة مالحظات 1 - الكوكسيديا؟ نعالج هل • Life cycles of the protozoa are self-limiting and their life ends spontaneously, unless re-infection occurs. يحدث شفاء تلقائى بدون تدخل عالجى فى حال عدم حدوث اعادة عدوى • Timely medication may slow or inhibit the life cycle of the oocysts, which can shorten the length of the infection, alleviate symptoms . األعراض ويخفف المرض مدة ويقلل الحياة دورة من يقلل او يمنع العالجى التدخل
- 31. Main Line of Treatment للعالج العامة الخطوط Supportive treatment: Fluid therapy Antidiarrheal drugs Nutritional support(to give them energy ). Antiprotozoal drug Hematinic & Vitamin K Strict hygiene to preventing infections.
- 32. 1-Fluid therapy R/ Saline solution R/Ringer or lactate ringer
- 34. 3-Nutritional support R/ Dextrose 5% or 10% (to give them energy ). R/Probiotics R/Multivitamin
- 36. Coccidiocidal &coccidiostats compounds • Coccidiocidal compounds include: للعالج • Amprolium and sulfas. • Coccidiostats compounds include :للوقاية • decoquinate and the ionophores(because they hinder multiplication of coccidia). • تشتمل مركبات مبيد العصيات على األمبروليوم والسلفا . • تسمى األدوية الوقائية الكوكسيديا ألنها تعيق تكاثر الكوكسيديا . وتشمل هذه ديكوكينات وحوامل األيون
- 37. Coccidiocidal drugs الكوكسيديا لعالج تستخدم التى االدوية أسماء • 1-Amprolium (thiamine antagonist) • 2-Sulfa drugs • Sulfamethazine سلفاميثازين • Sulfadimethoxine دايميثوكزين سلفا • Sulfaquinoxaline). كينوكسالين سلفا
- 38. العالجية الجرعات • R/Sulfaquinoxaline (6 mg/lb/day for 3–5 days) • and • R/ Amprolium (10 mg/kg/day for 5 days). • يجب تجريع الحيوان عن طريق الفم وال يوضع على الماء للقطيع حتى ت كون االستجابة للعالج سريع ة
- 39. أدوية االصابة لعالج تستخدم الكوكسيديا من • Sulpha Duration Dose Name of the drug 3 days in the drinking water 140 mg/kg body weight daily Sulfamethazine 3-5 days during natural exposure to oocysts 6 mg/kg body weight per day. Sulfaquinoxaline 5 days 10 mg/kg body weight per day Amprolium
- 40. أدوية تستخدم الكوكسيديا من االصابة من للوقاية Duration Dose Name of the drug . 1 mg/kg/day to a maximum of 360 mg/head/day) Lasalocid (Bovatec®), 21 days during natural exposure to oocysts 5 mg/kg body weight per day. Amprolium 28 days during periods when there is risk of exposure to oocysts 0.5 mg/kg body weight per day. Decoquinate 100 to 480 mg per head per day Monensin
- 41. أدوية للوقاية تستخدم من االصابة من ال التحويل معدل وزيادة الكوكسيديا غذائى • Ionophores, such as monensin (Rumensin®) • Lasalocid (Bovatec®), • are often given to feedlot-age calves because they help increase feed efficiency and also act as a mild coccidostat, hindering multiplication of coccidia. • للعجول في عمر حقل التسمين ألنها تساعد على زيادة كفاءة التغذية وتعمل أيض ا كعامل كوكسيدي خفيف ، مما يعيق تكاثر الكوكسيديا .
- 42. • Amprolium (50 mg/kg orally for 7 successive days) • Sulphadimidine (125 mg/kg injected IM followed by half dose for 4 successive days). • Toltrazuril (Baycox bovis®) (20 mg/kg BW twice orally at a 1- week interval)..
- 43. • Toltrazuril (Baycox 5% suspension). • It acts against coccidia of the genus Eimeria. • It is active against all intracellular development stages of coccidia of the merogony (asexual multiplication) and gamogony (sexual phase). • All stages are destroyed, and hence the mode of action is • coccidiocidal. والالجنسية الجنسية االالطوار على ويؤثر للكوكسيديا قاتل
- 47. المرض فى التحكم وسائل
- 48. 1-Environmental control بالحيوانات المحيط الوسط فى التحكم Cleaning and disinfection are crucial to controlling the spread of cryptosporidiosis. Use disinfectant at the entrance to the calf shed المحافظة على نظافة وتطهير المكان باستمرار استخدام مطهرات فى مدخل المزرعة والعجول الرضيعة
- 49. الوقاية طرق • Oocysts can survive up to one year • Good feeding practices and good management (i.e. sanitation) • Make sure neonatals receive colostrum • Young susceptible animals should be kept in clean and dry areas • Stress should be minimized
- 53. ذهبية معلومات • 1. Coccidiosis is host-specific. • 2. The oocysts (eggs) excreted into the environment are very resistant. • 3. Many disinfectants are not effective. • 4. Not all species of coccidiosis cause disease • 5. Immunity is host species. • (Infection with Eimeria results in life-long immunity to that particular parasite species, but does not give cross protection against other species. )
- 54. ذهبية معلومات • 6. Tests can help identify subclinical infections of pathogenic species. • 7. Coccidiosis increases susceptibility to secondary infections. • 8. Identifying infection early is key. • 9. Stress can increase susceptibility to cocci • 10. Treat all animals, not just sick ones
- 55. ذهبية معلومات • It takes between 15 and 21 days from ingestion of the oocyst to shedding of more oocysts in the faeces, • so if one animal is showing symptoms, it’s likely that more have already been infected.