The document provides information about a vocational training presentation on communication, navigation, and surveillance systems at the Airports Authority of India (AAI). It discusses the history and functions of AAI, which oversees 125 airports in India. The key departments under AAI are CNS (communication, navigation, surveillance) and air traffic management. The presentation describes the various systems used for communication (VHF radios), navigation (ILS, DME, NDB, VOR), surveillance (radar, security equipment), and air traffic management. It also outlines future plans such as the GAGAN satellite-based navigation project.

1. VOCATIONAL TRAiNING
PRESENTATION
ON
COMMUNICATION, NAVIGATION& SURVEILLANCE
AT
AIRPORT AUTHORITY OF INDIA (A.A.I)
PRESENTEDBY:-
R.GAYATRI
1

2. CONTENTS
HISTORY
FUNCTIONS OF AIR PORT AUTHORITY OF INDIA
DEPARTMENTS UNDER A.A.I.
COMMUNICATION
NAVIGATION
SURVEILLANCE
A.T.M
FUTURE PLANS OF A.A.I

3. HISTORY
The Airports Authority of India (AAI) was
Formed on 1st April 1995 by merging the
International Airports Authority of India
and the National Airports Authority with a
view to accelerate the integrated
development, expansion and modernization
at the airports in the country conforming to
international standards.

4. ABOUT AIRPORT AUTHORITY OF INDIA
 AAI at various airports handled about 5 lakhs
aircraft movements (4 lakhs domestic and 1 lakh
international);40 million passengers (26 million
domestic and 14 million international) and 9 lakh
tonnes of cargo (3 lakh domestic and 6 lakh
international).
 125 AIRPORTS
11 INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS
81 DOMESTIC AIRPORTS
25 CIVIL ENCLAVES

5. MAIN FUNCTION OF AAI
 CNS -
COMMUNICATION,NAVIGATION,SURVIELLANCE
 AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
 MAINTAINENCE OF PASSENGER TERMINALS
 CARGO TERMINAL AT INTERNATIONAL AND
DOMESTIC

6. DEPARTMENTS UNDER A.A.I.
THERE ARE 2 DEPARTMETS UNDER A.A.I.
 CNS DEPTT
CNS STANDS FOR COMMUNICATION ,
NAVIGATION AND SURVEILLANCE
 ATM DEPTT
ATM STANDS FOR AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

8. COMMUNICATION (V.H.F)
 COMMUMNICATION IS DONE THROUGH VHF(VERY
HIGH FREQUENCY RANGE)
 THE RANGE OF VHF IS 30MHZ TO 300 MHZ
 IT IS A TYPE OF LINE OF SIGHT COMMUNICATION
 MODULATION TECHNIQUE USED IS AMPLITUDE
MODULATION
8

9. VHF(VERY HIGH FREQUENCY RANGE)
3 BASIC COMPONENTS REQUIRED FOR V.H.F
COMMUNICATION ARE :
1. TRANSMITTER
2. RECEIVER
3. ANTENNAS
9

10. TRANSMITTER:-
 VHF TRANSMITTER HAVE 2 TRASMITTERS IN A
SINGLE EQUIPMENT .
 THE TRANSMITTER USED IS DT100.
 1ST TRANSMITTER IS ON AIR WHILE OTHER IS ON
STANDBY .
 2ND TRANMITTER IS ON HOT STANDBY i.e. THE
TRANSMITTER IS IN ON STATE BUT NOT IN USE.
10

11. RECEIVER:-
 V.H.F RECEIVER ALSO HAVE 2 RECEIVERS IN A SINGLE
EQUIPMENT .
 THE RECEIVER USED IS DR100.
 1ST RECEIVER IS ON AIR WHILE 2ND IS ON HOT STANDBY
FOR USE IN EMERGENCY.
11

12. ANTENNAS:-
2 TYPE OF ANTENNAS ARE USED :
1. DIRECTIVE ANTENNA:-
A directional antenna or beam antenna is an
antenna which radiates or receives greater power in
specific directions allowing for increased
performance and reduced interference from
unwanted sources.
2. OMNI-DIRECTIONAL ANTENNA:-
An omnidirectional antenna is a class of antenna
which radiates radio wave power uniformly in all
directions
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13. DIRECTIV
E
ANTENN
A
13
OMNI
DIRECTIONAL
ANTENNA

14. SOME IMPORTANT FACTS
 ALLOTED FREQUENCY FOR V.H.F IS 108-156
MHZ .
 OUT OF IT A.A.I OPERATES IN 117.975 MHZ –
136 MHZ .
 EACH AIRPORT HAS ITS DESIGNATED
FREQUENCY .
 FOR EXAMPLE-RAIPUR AIRPORT OPERATES AT
FREQUENCY 124.75 MHZ AND ALTERNATE
FREQUENCY IS 124.3.
14

15. NAVIGATIONAL AIDS
 Navigation is the 'ART' of determining the
position of an aircraft over earth's surface
and guiding its progress from one place to
another.
 To accomplish this ART, some sort of 'aids'
are required by the PILOTS.
 In the twentieth century, electronics also
entered in the Aviation field. Direction
finders and other navigational aids enabled
the navigators to obtain 'Fixes' using
electronic aids only. Hence such aids
15

16. NAVIGATIONALAIDSUSEDIN AAI
 ILS: Instrument Landing System
 DME: Distance Measuring Equipment
 NDB: Non Directional Bearing
 VOR: VHF Omni Range
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17. 17

18. 18
The function of an ILS is to provide the PILOT or
AUTOPILOT of a landing aircraft with the guidance
to and along the surface of the runway.
This guidance must be of very high integrity to
ensure that each landing has a very high probability
of success.
The basic philosophy of ILS is that ground
installations, located in the vicinity of the runway,
transmit coded signals in such a manner that pilot is
given information indicating position of the aircraft
with respect to correct approach path.

19. (ILS) INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM CONSIST OF
19
LOCALIZER GLIDE PATH

22. DISTANCE MEASURING INSTRUMENT
(D.M.E)
22
Aircraft use DME to determine
their distance from a land-based
transponder

23. VHF OMNI RANGE
VOR EQUIPMENT PROVIDE
ABSOLUTE BEARING
TO AN AIRCRAFT
with respect to
MAGNETIC NORTH
Irrespective of
AIRCRAFT HEADING
23

24. V.H.F-OMNI RANGE
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25. SURVEILLANCE
The act of monitoring
the behavior activities, or
other changing
information.
Surveillance may be
applied to observation
from a distance by means
of electronic equipment.
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26. SURVEILLANCE
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RADAR
SECURITY
EQUIPMENTS

27. RADAR
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Radars are employed throughout
the world for the purpose of safely
controlling air traffic en-route and
in the vicinity of airports.
Aircraft as well as vehicular
traffic at large airports are
monitored by means of high-
resolution radar.
Radar has also been used to
guide aircraft to a safe landing in

28. SECURITY EQUIPMENT
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HAND HELD METAL
DETECTOR.
DOOR FRAME METAL
DETECTOR.
X-RAY BAGGAGE
INSPECTION SYSTEM.
EXPLOSIVE TRACE
DETECTOR.

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AIRTRAFFICMANAGEMENT
(A.T.M)

30. GAGAN PROJECT :-
 GAGAN PROJECT IS USED FOR SATELLITE BASED
SYSTEM IN NAVIGATION.
 NAVIGATIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR AIRCRAFT
WILL BE RECEIVED FROM GPS.
 AAI IS IMPLEMENTING THIS PROJECT IN
COLLABORATION WITH INDIAN SPACE
RESEARCH ORGANIZATION (ISRO).
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FUTUREPLANS

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