The document summarizes the functions of the Airport Authority of India (AAI), including managing air navigation services and airports. It describes several air navigation aids (Nav-Aids) used for air traffic control like NDB, VOR, DME, ILS, and satellite navigation. It provides details on how each system works and its applications. It also discusses the Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control System (ASMGCS) used for air traffic control on airport surfaces and runways in low visibility conditions using surface movement radar and multilateration. Finally, it covers air-ground and air-to-air communication systems used at airports.

1. Summer Training Report on Nav-Aids,
ASMGCS and VHF
AIRPORT AUTHORITY OF INDIA,
DELHI
Submitted by-
Shubham Aggarwal
ECE F-4

2. Introduction
An organization working under the ministry of civil aviation
that manages all airports.
Formed on 1st April 1995 by merging the international airport
authority and national authority.
The AAI manages and operates total 125 airports including 11
international, 89 domestic and 25 civil enclaves.
Guruprasad Mohanpatra is the current chairman of AAI.

3. Services provided by AAI
Control and management of the Indian air space
Installation and maintenance of various Communication,
Navigation & Surveillance aids.
 Design, development, operation & maintenance of passenger
Terminals & cargo terminals.
 Rescue and fire services.

4. Navigational-Aids
‘ART’ of determining the position of an aircraft over earth’s
Surface and guiding its progress from one place to another.
 Nav-Aids are of following type:
 NDB
 VOR
 DME
 ILS
 SATELITE NAVIGATION

5. NDB: NON DIRECTIONAL BEACON
 It is a omnidirectional antenna used for short range
Navigation.
 It uses HF freq. and propagation is duct not LOS.
 IT have a needle which denote direction of the plane.
 It is of 2 type:
 LPNDB(used on land, having low power)
 HPNDB(used over seas, having high power

6. VOR: VHF Omni Range
 A standard ICAO ground based radio navigational aid.
 It uses HF freq. and propagation is duct not LOS.
 It consist of 50 Antennas. Among which magnetic north
Is first antenna.
 Aircraft will get is angle from magnetic north.
 Doppler VOR is used with HPDME
 There is one more antenna known as monitoring antenna
used to take zero azimuth of central antenna or we can take it
as reference antenna.

7. DME: DISTANCE MEASURING EQUIPMENTSD
 It gives the slant distant from airport visionary to the aircraft.
 It transfer the mores code at a rate of 2 times per minute
 Morse code indicate above which city the aircraft is flying.
 It also indicate either the aircraft is entering into the particular
City or exiting that particular city.
 DME antennas are place at nose of plane.
 It is of 2 type:
 LPDME(used for approach)
 HPDME(used for area)

8. ILS: INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM
 Guides the aircraft as to where to land on the runway.
 Consist of following 3 parts
 Localizer
 Glide scope
 Marker
In localizer we use 2 modulating frequency 90Hz and
150Hz.

9. ILS: INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

10. MARKERS
 Markers is a lightning system which shows light in sky to
show their positions.
 It also tells slant distance from the plane.
 There are 3 funnel shaped markers:
 Outer marker(400 Hz)
 Middle marker(1300 Hz)
 Inner marker(3000 Hz)

11. ILS Performance Categories
OPERTIONS DECISION HEIGHT
CAT I Above 60m
CAT II Between 30 to 60m
CAT IIIA Lower than 30m
CAT IIIB Lower than 15m
CAT IIIC No Decision height

12. SATELITE NAVIGATION
Satellite based augmentation systems(SBAS), such as GAGAN,
WAAS,EGNOS and MSAS, complement existing global navigation
Satellite systems(GNSS)
 From GAGAN we want 2 meter lateral separation and 1 meter
Vertical separation.
 Satellite cross check its data with by getting data from 6 more
Satellite.
 It is going to used for landing purpose in aircraft.
i.e. SBAS(Space Based Augmented Systems);

13. ASMGCS: PURPOSE
 ASMGCS is Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and
Control System
 Used for live video and imaging of airport areas and
Runways.
 It is used when visibility is low.
 This is done with the help of sensors which will take real
time position of the plane on runways.
 There are 2 sensors used in ASMGCS
 SMR(Surface movement radar/primary radar)
 MLAT(secondary radar)

14.  This system is advanced because if by mistake there are 2
planes on the same runway than system will display red circles
on both the planes and also make a noise.
 Our primary radar is used to find the object in the path of the
radar.
 It rotates at the speed of 60 rpm.
 After getting an object to find either it is a building or plane we
use secondary radar.
 We send RF encoded signal @ 1030 MHz frequency and plane
will reply @ 1090Mhz frequency.
ASMGCS USE

15.  If we receive the signal it show that there is a plane else it
is a building.
 To get a exact location of a plane we require 23
RU’s(remote units).
 IGI airport has 23 RU’s.
 Each RU is capable of Receiving signal @ 1090MHz
frequency.
 Resolution of primary radar is 3-4m
 @ 60rpm speed its range is 10 nautical miles.
ASMGCS USE(cont..)

16.  It is classified in 3 categories:
1. Ground to Ground:-
This enables various stations in the AFTN(aeronautical fixed
telecommunication network) to communicate via low or high
speed links.
2. Ground to air:-
This includes all the communication between the controllers and
the pilot
It may involve voice communication through DATIS(Digital
automatic terminal communication system)
Communication

17.  DATIS is used to Transmitt the data to pilot like weather
condition, Air speed,Air pressure, direction and so on.
 We text all the data and with the help of automatic text to
voice conversion, synthetic voice is transmitted using VHF
transmitter.
3. Air to Air:-
 This includes communication between the pilots of two
aircrafts in the air, Such type of communication also uses
VHF and HF frequencies.
 For communication, A frequency band from 118MHz to 136
Mhz is used.
Communication(cont…)

18. Thank you