This document discusses options for managing seismic risk and building resilient communities after earthquakes. It provides examples of seismic risk mitigation projects in Istanbul and retrofitting a plant in California. The key points are: 1) Options for managing seismic risk include doing nothing, risk transfer through insurance, or risk reduction through engineering analyses and strengthening structures. 2) Istanbul's seismic risk mitigation project from 2006-2014 was funded over $1 billion by the World Bank and EIB. 3) Retrofitting a plant in California after the 1994 Northridge quake avoided over $1 billion in damages and business interruption costs, with a benefit-cost ratio of over 75:1. 4) Building resilience involves increasing awareness, prioritizing retro

1. Global Perspective on Seismic Risk Reduction
and Resilient Disaster Reconstruction
H. Kit Miyamoto, Ph.D.

7. 2008 M8 Sichuan Earthquake

8. Options for Managing Seismic Risk
1. Do Nothing
2. Transfer the Risk through Insurance
Coverage for Loss
3. Reduce the Risk to an Acceptable Level by
(1) Engineering Analyses
(2) Strengthening of Selected Structures and
Equipments
4. Combination of 2 and 3

9. Istanbul Seismic Risk Mitigation and
Emergency Preparedness Project
• Project Duration : 2006-2014
• Finance: World Bank and European Investment
Bank
• Loan Amount : over $1 billion

11. Ref: P. Yanev

12. 1994 Northridge Earthquake
This Company Estimated the Following:
• Avoided Damage: $350 Million
• Avoided Business Interruption: $400 Million;
Avoided Market Share Loss?
• Total Avoided Loss:
$1+ Billion
The Plant was Back in Operation in 4 Days
Total Cost of Retrofitting was About $10 Mil
(>75:1 Benefit/Cost Ratio)

13. Building Resilient Communities
• Increase broader public awareness of risk
• Conduct the risk audit
• Prioritize and retrofit critical structures
• Develop engineering and construction
professional capacities
• Work with commercial, insurance and banking
sectors
• Develop recover and reconstruction strategies

14. Make the world a better place