The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) COP23, highlighted the need for fortifying infrastructure projects and innovative climate finance for mitigation and adaptation initiatives. Climate change has strong implications for the global infrastructure investment needs. The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13 refers to “Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts” and SDG 9 refers to “Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation” – which call for sustainable and resilient infrastructure development in developing countries through enhanced financial, technological and technical support. Financing for climate-resilient infrastructure will require a mixture of public and private resources. Public-private and multi-stakeholder partnerships at the global, national and local levels all present tremendous opportunities to contribute to development of climate- resilient infrastructure. In 2016, USD 71 billion of investment was committed in PPPs in emerging and developing economies (World Bank, 2016). Estimates by the Asian Development Bank shows that in Asian region alone the estimated to need $26 trillion of infrastructure investment from 2016 to 2030, equivalent to $1.7 trillion per year, if the region is to maintain its growth momentum, eradicate poverty, and respond to climate change. However, such public private partnerships need to ensure the outcomes reaches the people, especially the poor and most vulnerable and thus should create an enabling environment for people’s participation in decision making for such investments. Accordingly, UN has developed a concept of people-first PPPs to make sure that that PPP projects respond to SDGs and include along with value for money also value for people (UNECE, 2018). As the poor are those that are most vulnerable in extreme climate related weather events, integrating climate resilience into infrastructure projects is very important and governments of the developing countries typically have neither the technology nor the money to do this by themselves.

1. People-first PPPs for Climate Resilient Infrastructur
N a t a l i a K o r c h a k o v a - H e e b
S i n g a p o r e , 4 J u n e 2 0 1 9
Photo by Josep Castells on Unsp

2. Natalia Korchakova-Heeb
Managing Director
SDG.17 Consulting GmbH
Frankfurt am Main, Germany
natalia.korchakova-heeb@
sdg17consulting.de
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3. deathsclimate-related
disaster events in 2018
Mln people affected
across the world
11,804315 68
FACTS
EM-DAT 2018
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4. From 2009 till 2015 a number of the institutions
developed the comprehensive guidelines how
to integrate climate risks into development of
infrastructure projects:
African Development Bank, Asian Development
Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction and
Development, European Organization for
Economic Co-operation and Development,
World Bank, European Commission and some
national governments
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5. BUT ARE INFRASTRUCTURE
PPPS REALLY CLIMATE
RESILIENT?
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6. NONE of the 16 national PPP policy frameworks
reviewed by the World Bank in 2016 referred to
climate resilience, adaptation, or climate change.
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7. Related initiatives
One Billion Coalition for Resilience
People-first PPP concept coined by the UNECE
(PPIAF), the WB GIF and the Tokyo Disaster
Risk Management (DRM) Hub “Resilient Infrastructure PPPs”
"DiesesFoto"vonUnbekannterAutoristlizenziertgemäßCCBY-SA-NC
CLIMATE RISKS ARE NOT
ALWAYS PART OF EQUATION
IN PPPs
UN Climate Resilience Initiative A2R
7
100 Resilient Cities The Rockefeller Foundation

8. UNECE CONCEPT OF
PEOPLE-FIRST PPPs
• People-first PPPs (PfPPPs) tied PPPs to SDGs and
to environmental, social and economic sustainability
• PPPs aim to deliver public services/ public
infrastructure
• Climate resilience is one of eight guiding principles,
PfPPPs is based on
• The needs of end-beneficiaries should be duly
considered to ensure that PfPPs address their needs
effectively
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9. • Incorporating climate change considerations
into existing PPP policy frameworks to
enable integration of climate resilience into
planning and design of new PPP projects
and ideally also revising frameworks of
existing projects
• Climate resilience mainstreamed in public
investment management systems,
specifically in engineering standards, for the
development of all kinds of infrastructure,
including PPPs
• Policy alignment between climate change
policies, national infrastructure planning and
SDG-reporting
• Lack of understanding by
the public partner a
necessity of
incorporating climate
resilience and
adoption/mitigation
policies into PPP
projects
• Lack of coherence
between climate change
policies, national
infrastructure plans and
SDG-reporting
PUBLIC PARTNER
SolutionsProblem
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10. • The imperative comes from the public sector
– from the Client through procurement
criteria but it is also in the interest of the
private sector to explore the climate risks to
avoid unnecessary damages and optimize
the maintenance costs and minimize
unpredictable costs
• Climate resilience mainstreamed in business
model and is offered to the public partner as
added value
• Training and awareness campaign for
private sector
• Focus on a concrete
asset/project- no long
term or helicopter view
• Lack of expertise in
climate resilience and
imperative to make it
integrated into the
business model
PRIVATE PARTNER
SolutionsProblem
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11. 1. Identification of climate risks within
PPP
2. Assessment of climate risks
3. Allocation of climate risks
4. Climate risk mitigation
5. Climate risk monitoring and review
Climate changes are not even identified
within PPP risks and therefore are not
allocated between the parties.
CLIMATE RISK ALLOCATION IN PPPs
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12. Specific training and capacity
building measures should be
offered to the public and
private partners regarding
climate resilient infrastructure
and best practices
Education and
capacity
building
And also….
Inclusion of climate
change implies extra
cots. But how much?
Resilience-building
adaptations to
infrastructure are not
expensive if
incorporated early in
the project lifecycle (1 -
2% percent)
Cost of climate
resilience
measures
Lenders should require
consideration of climate risk and
resilience as lending criteria, and
implementation of resilience
measures through lending
covenants.
Climate financing for PPPs
Green Climate Fund, Climate
Investment Funds, and Green
Bonds, can also be
mainstreamed as financing
sources for climate-smart
infrastructure.
Resilience as
lending criteria
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13. Build better presentations in less time
We are the first
generation
that can end poverty,
and the last that can end
climate change.
Ban Ki-moon