Nanorobots are nanodevices that will be used for the purpose of maintaining and protecting the human body against pathogens

1. KUVEMPU UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
SAHYADRI SCIENCE COLLEGE,SHIVAMOGGA,KARNATAKA
PRESENTEDBY,
CHANDANAS.P
1ST M.SC,1st sEM
Sahyadriscience college,
shivamogga Underthe guidance,
dr.Pradeepk
lecturer
department of biotechnology
Sahyadriscience college,
shivamogga

2. CONTENT
 Introduction
 History
 Anatomy of hiv virus
 Mechanism of hiv infection
 Nanotechnology
 Mechanism of nanotechnology
 Requirements of nanorobot
 Merits and demerits
 Diagnosis
 Treatment
 Future developments
 Conclusion
 References

3. INTRODUCTION
There is no cure for HIV infection. However, effective prevention interventions are available:
preventing mother-to-child-transmission, male and female condom use, harm reduction
interventions, pre-exposure prophylaxis, post exposure prophylaxis, voluntary medical male
circumcision (VMMC) and antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) which can control the virus and help
prevent onward transmission to other people.
Science is moving at a fast pace, and there have been two people who have achieved a ‘functional
cure’ by undergoing a bone marrow transplant for cancer with re-infusion of new CD4 T cells that
are unable to be infected with HIV. However, neither a cure nor a vaccine is available to treat and
protect all people currently living with or at risk of HIV. But recently NANOTECHNOLOGY is
helping us to treat HIV effectively but not completely.

4. HISTORY AND DISCOVERY
 The first news story on "an exotic new disease" appeared May 18, 1981 in the gay
newspaper New York Native.
 AIDS was first clinically observed in 1981 in the United States
 , two separate research groups led by American Robert Gallo and French Investigators Françoise
Barré-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier independently declared that a novel retrovirus may have been
infecting AIDS patients.
 Adriano cavalcanti known as the pioneer, he is the medical Nano robotics inventor for the
practical hardware architecture of nanorobot as the model based on Nano bioelectronics for the
applications in AIDS, CANCER,DIABETES,CARDIOLOGY etc..

5. DISCOVERERS
Francoise Barré-Sinoussi Robert Gallo Luc Antoine Montagnier Adriano Cavalcanti

6. ANATOMY OF AIDS VIRUS

7. MECHANISM OF HIV INFECTION

8. NANOTECHNOLOGY
Nano is one billionth of one. Now we have the so-called
microprocessors and microarray technology that would
reach the Nano level within a few decades, we suppose.
Some call this technology to be nanotechnology and some
others name it the molecular nanotechnology, to be
specific.
• They will have a diameter about 0.5 to 3 microns and
will be constructed out of parts with dimensions in the
range of 1 to 100 Nano meters
• The main element used will be carbon in the form of
diamond,fullerenes Nano composites because of
strength and chemical inertness of these forms

9. MECHANISM OF NANOTECHNOGY IN ANTI
HIV

10. REQUIREMENTS OF NANOROBOTS
 1. It should e very small so that the blood capillary flow is not affected.
 2. It should not be affected by the WBC.
 3. It should be capable of sensing the HIV infected WBC only and its action is
restricted to the infected WBC only.
 4. It should make its operations in the RNA to convert back to the original DNA
of the WBC by suitably changing the bases like the adenine, guanine
 5. It should convert the infected WBC into the original WBC in a very faster
manner

11. NANOTECHNOLOGY MERITS AND DEMERITS
ADVANTAGES
 1. The currently available drugs can increase
the patient’s life to a few years only, so the
invention of this nanorobot will make the
patients to get rid of the disease.
 2. As the nanorobot do not generate any
harmful activities there is no side effect. It
operates at specific site only.
 3. The initial cost of development is only
high but the manufacturing by batch
processing reduces the cost
DISADVANTAGES
1.The nanorobot should be very accurate,
otherwise harmful effects may occur.
2.The initial design cost is very high.
3.The design of this nanorobot is a very
complicated.

12. DIAGNOSIS
 HIV can be diagnosed through blood or saliva testing. Available tests include:
 Antigen/antibody tests. These tests usually involve drawing blood from a vein. Antigens are
substances on the HIV virus itself and are usually detectable — a positive test — in the blood
within a few weeks after exposure to HIV.
 Antibodies are produced by your immune system when it's exposed to HIV. It can take weeks to
months for antibodies to become detectable. The combination antigen/antibody tests can take two
to six weeks after exposure to become positive.

13. TREATMENT
1.Nanoparticles Carrying Bee Venom
 Bee venom contains a toxin known as melittin that is capable of forming holes in the protective
envelope surrounding HIV and other viruses
 When the nanoparticles contact normal cells that are much larger in size, they simply bounce off.
HIV is smaller than the nanoparticle, hence gets attached between the bumpers and comes in
contact with nanoparticle surface.
2.Antiretroviral Nanomedicines
 Nanomedicines disperse in water, hence can be easily given even to newborns. ARV
nanomedicines will be manufactured as part of the project using commercially relevant methods
under clinical-grade manufacturing conditions

14. FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
 Several nanomedicine classes have been developed with the following characteristics to combat
HIV:
 Eradicating the virus by activating latently infected CD4+ T cells and flushing reservoirs
 Preventing infection using microbicides with drug half-life and enhanced epithelial penetration
 Nanomedicines can considerably improve the health of HIV infected people and they are
economically feasible too. Hopefully this promising technology will help find a cure for
HIV/AIDS in the for seeable future

15. CONCLUSION
Nanotechnology can impact the treatment and prevention of HIV/AIDS with various
innovative approaches. Treatment options may be improved using nanotechnology
platforms for delivery of antiretroviral drugs. In the future, targeted co-delivery of two or
more antiviral drugs in a nanoparticle system could radically improve treatment of viral
reservoirs. Our group and other investigators have developed nanoparticles with the
potential to co-deliver both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs or genes and these may
provide versatility for codelivery of antiviral drugs . In addition to delivering antiviral
drugs, nanomaterials have shown their ability to inhibit viral replication by themselves.

16. REFERENCES
 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2861897 Nanomedicines. 2010
Feb;269-285. PMCID:PMC2861897 PMID:20148638 Authors : Tewodros
Mamo, E Ashely Moseman and Omid C Farokhzad
 www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/livingwithhiv/treatment.html
 www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/diagnosis-treatment/drc-
203735
 www.//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV
 www-azonano-com.cdn.ampproject.org
 scholar.google.co.in
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV December 20,2019, Activity:contributions,
Wikipedian; WhinyTheYounger ,united states

17. THANK YOU