the hypothetical concept of nanobots in medical field.

1. NANOBOTS
RAGINI DAS 17/BBT/40
K. ARNIKA DEVI 17/BBT/56

2. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• TYPES OF NANOBOTS
• STRUCTURE AND WORKING OF NANOBOTS
• NANOBOTS USED IN CANCER TREATMENT
• A MOTHWASH MADE OUT OF NANOBOTS
• NANOBOTS KILLING KIDNEY STONES
• NANOBOTS USED TO DETECT PATHOGENS
• NANOBOTS USED TO KILL VIRUSES
• ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCE

3. INTRODUCTION • Nanobots are the emerging technology field to creating
a machines or robots.
• Performs tasks at Nano scale dimensions.
• The size of Nanobots are 10−9 meters.
• The terms nanobot, nanoid, nanite, nanomachine, or
nanomite have also been used to describe such devices
which are currently under research and development.
• Nanobots are tiny machines used to cure diseases in
humans or in any organism. Such as it is used to destroy
the stones in kidney.
• Adriano Cavalcanti was the first to broadcast the idea of
developing a nanobot for environmental and medicinal
purpose.
• Cavalcanti is Chairman and CEO of CAN Center for
Automation in Nanobiotech NPO.
• In future, medical nanotechnology is expected to
employ nanobots injected into the patient to perform
work at a cellular level.
The term nano is derived from the Greek word meaning
“dwarf.” Nanotechnology is based on employing
nanoparticles that are between 1 and 100 nanometers in
size.

4. TYPES OF NANOBOTS
• RESPIROCYTES
It works as an artificial erythrocytes
It have much more oxygen than natural RBC.
It is very useful or patient suffering from anaemia.
It is an upcoming nanotechnology, which will massively
reduce our need to breath. They are spherical in design,
powered by glucose in our blood, and are 8 times smaller
than red blood cells.
• MICROBIVORES
Acts as an artificial WBC.
Also called as Nano biotic phagocytes.
It absorbs and digest the bacteria in the bloodstream.

5. • CLOTTOCYTES
It acts as an artificial platelets.
It reduces the time for blood clotting.
It may allow to complete haemostatic in little as
~ 1 second, even in larger wounds.

6. STRUCTURE AND WORKING OF NANOBOTS
• Inspirationally derived from bacterium
“FLAGELLUM”.
• It works with the following components-
Swimming Tail
Micro-Camera
Payload
Capacitor
• This robot in this illustration moves by using its
tail through the arteries and veins.

7. NANOBOTS USED IN CANCER TREATMENT
• Nanobots are injected into the patient's
body that destroys only cancer cells
without harming healthy cells. This has
proved to be a better approach towards
cancer treatment.
• But, it is still in the process of research
and development.

8. A MOUTHWASH MADE OUT OF NANOBOTS
• Nanobotic dentifrices (Dentifrobots)-
These when delivered either by mouthwash
or tooth paste, can cover all sub gingival
surfaces, thereby metabolizing trapped
matter into harmless and odourless vapours.
Properly configured dentifrobots can identify
and destroy pathogenic bacteria that exist in
the plaque and elsewhere.
These invisibly small dentifrobots are purely
mechanical devices that safely deactivate
themselves when swallowed.

9. NANOBOTS KILLING KIDNEY STONES
• Nanobots are used to break the kidney stones with the help of ultrasonic shocks.
Kidney stones are painful and a large stone does not pass out in urine. Sometimes
doctor break this stones by ultrasonic frequency but, these are not effective in
always. Nanobots break up these kidney stones by using small laser and these
smaller pieces are passing out in urine outside the body.

10. NANOBOTS USED TO DETECT PATHOGENS
• Engineers at the University of California San
Diego have developed tiny ultrasound-
powered robots that can swim through blood,
removing harmful bacteria along with the
toxins they produce.
• These proof-of-concept Nanobots could one
day offer a safe and efficient way to detoxify
and decontaminate biological fluids.
• The gold body of the Nanobots responds to
ultrasound, which gives them the ability to
swim around rapidly without chemical fuel.
• This mobility helps the Nanobots efficiently
mix with their targets (bacteria and toxins) in
blood and speed up detoxification.

11. NANOBOTS USED TO KILL VIRUSES
• A group of researchers at IBM and the Institute of Bioengineering and
Nanotechnology in Singapore creates a molecule that could destroy all
viruses.
• For their study, the researchers ignored the viruses’ RNA and DNA, which
could be key areas to target, but because they change from virus to virus
and also mutate, it’s very difficult to target them successfully.
• Instead, the researchers focused on glycoproteins, which sit on the
outside of all viruses and attach to cells in the body, allowing the viruses
to do their dirty work by infecting cells and making us sick.
• Using that knowledge, the researchers created a macromolecule, which
is basically one giant molecule made of smaller subunits.
• This macromolecule has key factors that are crucial in fighting viruses.
First, it’s able to attract viruses towards itself using electrostatic charges.
• Once the virus is close, the macromolecule attaches to the virus and
makes the virus unable to attach to healthy cells.
• Then it neutralizes the virus’ acidity levels, which makes it less able to
replicate.

12. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Rapid elimination of disease. Replication may become out of control.
Faster and precise diagnosis. Complicated maintenance.
Speed up medical treatment. Very costly for installation purpose.
 No operation failure.
Less risk.
The Nanobots should be accurate,
otherwise harmful effects may occur.
Cost of surgery is low. Hard to interface, customise and
design.

13. CONCLUSION
The Nanobots are used in medicine and are predicted to provide wealth. When the
severe side effects of the existing therapies are considered, the Nanobots are found
to be more innovative, supportive to the treatment and diagnosis of vital diseases.

14. REFERENCE
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanorobotics
• https://www.ommegaonline.org/article-details/NANOROBOTS-A-FUTURE-DEVICE-FOR-
DIAGNOSIS-AND-TREATMENT/1815
• https://www.popsci.com/macromolecule-developed-by-ibm-could-fight-multiple-viruses-at-
once/
• https://www.ft.com/content/57c9f432-de6d-11e7-a0d4-0944c5f49e46
• https://phys.org/news/2018-05-cell-like-nanorobots-bacteria-toxins-blood.html
• https://www.todaysrdh.com/nano-dentistry-squid-ink-and-mini-robots-in-your-mouth/

15. THANK YOU