1. Nanotechnology: A Smallest Multi-Tasking weapon
Nanotechnology: A Smallest
Multi -Tasking Weapon for Oral Cancer
By
Mrs. Archana Morey
Asst. Professor, Apollo College Of Nursing
Email id: archana.jampanna@gmail.com
Apollo Hospitals Education and Research Foundation
Apollo Health City, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad- 500096.
www.apollohospitals.com

2. Nanotechnology: A Smallest Multi
Nanotechnology: A Smallest Multi
Mrs. Archana Morey is Asst. Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing at Apollo
College of Nursing in Hyderabad. She earned her M.Sc. (N) from the College of Nursing of
Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences,
Nursing, Hyderabad. She is a member of Trained Nurses Association of India. She organized and
conducted workshops. Presently guiding for phenomenological research in Nursing
Multi-Tasking Weapon
Bio data
Nanotechnology: A Smallest Multi-Tasking Weapon for
Oral Cancer
Mrs. Archana Morey is Asst. Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing at Apollo
College of Nursing in Hyderabad. She earned her M.Sc. (N) from the College of Nursing of
Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad. She graduated from Kamineni College of
Nursing, Hyderabad. She is a member of Trained Nurses Association of India. She organized and
conducted workshops. Presently guiding for phenomenological research in Nursing
Weapon for
Mrs. Archana Morey is Asst. Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing at Apollo
College of Nursing in Hyderabad. She earned her M.Sc. (N) from the College of Nursing of
Hyderabad. She graduated from Kamineni College of
Nursing, Hyderabad. She is a member of Trained Nurses Association of India. She organized and
conducted workshops. Presently guiding for phenomenological research in Nursing.

3. Nanotechnology: A Smallest Multi-Tasking Weapon
“Some of the most Powerful Cancer Fighting Weapons Come in Smallest Packages”
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the sixth most common cancer for both sexes worldwide. The
high mortality rate in cancer such as oral squamous cell carcinoma is commonly attributed to the
difficulties in detecting the disease at an early and treatable stage. New methods of
nanoengineered materials that are being developed might be effective in detecting the disease at
an early treatable stage and treating illnesses and diseases such as cancer. “Nanotechnology”
refers to the handling and/or engineering of nano-objects on the scale of molecules with
preparation on dietary changes, counseling for cessation of smoking and drinking, preventative
drug administration, and lesion removal.

4. Nanotechnology: A Smallest Multi-Tasking Weapon
Incidence of oral cancer
Oral cancer is a heterogeneous group of cancers arising from different parts of the oral cavity,
with different predisposing factors, prevalence, and treatment outcomes. It is the sixth most
common cancer reported globally with an annual incidence of over 300,000 cases, of which 62%
arise in developing countries.
There is a significant difference in the incidence of oral cancer in different regions of the world.
The age-adjusted rates of oral cancer vary from over 20 per 100,000 population in India, to 10
per 100,000 in the U.S., and less than 2 per 100,000 in the Middle East.
In comparison with the U.S. population, where oral cavity cancer represents only about 3% of
malignancies, it accounts for over 30% of all cancers in India. The variation in incidence and
pattern of oral cancer is due to regional differences in the prevalence of risk factors. But as oral
cancer has well-defined risk factors, these may be modified – giving real hope for primary
prevention.
-- Vikram Kekatpure, M.D. consultant, head and neck service,Mazumdar-Shaw
Cancer Center, Bangalore, India.

5. Nanotechnology: A Smallest Multi-Tasking Weapon
Introduction to Nanotechnology:
Nanotechnology is the use of Nano particles which are are being applied in various industries,
including medicine, due to their various properties such as increased resistance to wear and the
killing of bacteria.nano devices such as, Nanopores, Dendrimers, Nanotubes, Quantum dots,
Nanoshells, Nanochips, Nanobots are used in detection and treatment of cancers.
Role of Nanotechnology in Oral Cancer Treatment

6. Nanotechnology: A Smallest Multi-Tasking Weapon
Frequent challenges encountered by current cancer therapies viz nonspecific distribution of
antitumor agents, inadequate drug concentration reaching the target and limited ability to
monitor therapeutic responses. However with nanotechnology these adversities can be easily
overcome thereby making cancer treatment and absolute success at all stage
Application of Nano technology in Diagnosis and Treatment of oral cancer:
Metallic nanoparticles have recently been investigated to overcome the limitations of these
imaging and chemical-based diagnostic techniques. Gold nanorods (AuNR) and conjugated them
with UM-A9 antibodies specifically to squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck region for
early detection of oral cancer. This showed that the attenuation coefficient for the molecularly
targeted cells is over five times higher than for identical but untargeted cancer cellsor normal
cells . Magnetic nanoparticles, quantum-dots (QDs), and AuNPs can be used as alternative
contrasting agents. . The development of a molecular-based contrast agent composed of gold
nanoparticles conjugated to a monoclonal antibody that improves opto-acoustic tomography
imaging potentiates its use in imaging deep tumours in early stages of cancer or metastatic
lesions Quantum dots (nanoparticles with quantum confinement properties, such as size-tunable
light emission) usually made ofquite toxic elements, when used in conjunction with magnetic
resonance imaging, can produce exceptional images of tumour sites. These nanoparticles are
much brighter than organic dyes and only need one light source for excitation. This means that
the use of fluorescent quantum dots could produce a higher contrast image and at a lower cost
than today’s organic dyes used as contrast media. Cancer nanotechnology is the latest trend in
cancer therapy. It represents a great hope for improving cancer treatments by acting at least at
two main levels; conferring new properties to a pharmaceutical agent (increased stability,
modified pharmacokinetics, decreased toxicity, and so on) and targeting the agent directly to the

7. Nanotechnology: A Smallest Multi-Tasking Weapon
tumour Nanomaterials for brachytherapy, such as BrachySil™ (Sivida, Boston & Perth,
Australia), deliver 32P and are currently being tested in a clinical trial. A drug delivery system
that can cross the blood–brain barrier is a vision of the future with this technology. Nanovectors
for gene therapy to correct disease at molecular level are at the development stage As with many
cancers, there is a need to deliver therapeutic agents with greater efficiency to improve the
treatment of OSCC and to improve patient outcomes. The development of polymersomes offers a
novel way to deliver therapy directly into tumour cells. Use of PMPC-PDPA (poly 2-
(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine) polymersomes may enhance polymersome-mediated
antitumor therapy. QD probes can target and accumulate in tumours both by their enhanced
permeability and retention (EPR) effect and by recognition of cancer cell surface biomarkers.
Chemotherapeutic agents bound to QD probes that will recognise and bind to cancer cells may
offer a new strategy for molecular cancer therapy by avoiding systemic toxicity
Procedure For Introducing Nanoparticles in the Body
 A cancer patient is injected with metallic nanoparticles, each with an antibody
attached.
 The nanoparticles are then delivered by blood vessels into a malignant tumor.

8. Nanotechnology: A Smallest Multi-Tasking Weapon
 Each antibody attaches itself to a molecule on the surface of the cancer cell, and
the nanoparticles are drawn into the cells.
 The patient is then exposed to the radio field to allow the controlled radiowaves to
enter the body and heat the metallic nanoparticles.
 This results in the nanoparticles heating the cancer cells and killing them in
seconds, all the while leaving the surrounding healthy cells completely
undamaged.

9. Nanotechnology: A Smallest Multi-Tasking Weapon
Picture Showing Difference Between Traditional and Nanotechnology
treatment
Conclusion
The application of nanotechnology to biomedicine, particularly in cancer diagnosis and
treatment, promises to have a profound impact on health care. Many of the technologies
involving nanoparticles for early detection of cancer and treatment are in preclinical stages.
Nanotechnology applications in cancer detection and treatment have the potential to replace
highly invasive conventional cancer detection and treatment, which often includes biopsies,
irradiation, and painful therapies. The ability to diagnose malignant disease at the earliest
opportunity allows treatment options to be planned as early as possible and hence directly affects
the morbidity and mortality of head and neck cancer.