4. Journal #4: Answers
❖ 1. Turkey
❖ 2. Because they were new to the faith of Islam (converts)
and they didn’t know much
❖ 3. Christians (Crusades) and Mongols (Genghis Khan)
❖ 4. Dance- Whirling Dervishes
❖ 5. Broke up into smaller kingdoms
❖ 6. Ruthless (terrorized for 50 days), advanced weapons
(ie: flammable liquids, catapults, etc)
6. Ottomans 18:1 Safavids 18:2
Main Idea:
Why it matters now?
Setting the Stage
• Turks
• Ghazi & Military
1. *OSMAN
2. ORKHAN 1
3. TIMUR THE LAME
4. MEHMET II
5. SELIM THE GRIM
6. *SULEIMAN the LAWGIVER
Social & Cultural
Decline
Main Idea:
Why it matters now?
•
• Causes of *Cultural Blending
1.
2.
3.
4.
• *Safavids
•
•
• ISMA’IL
•
• *SHAH ABBAS
•
• Decline
•
• Legacy
7. Add to your notes:
❖ While listening to the review lecture, make a note of the
themes:
How do different leaders
lead? What difference does that
make with the people they rule?
What shows as evidence for a good
leader?
What evidence do we have that
military strength is
valued or necessary?
Is everything about
geopolitics? Why yes and
why no?
How has cultural blending/
diffusion shaped the Middle Eastern
history and the worlds?
8. The Ottomans
❖ MAIN IDEA: The Ottomans established a Muslim
empire that combined many cultures and lasted for
more than 600 years.
❖ WHY IT MATTERS NOW? Many modern
societies- from Algeria to the Balkan countries- had
their origins under Ottoman rule
9. Setting the Stage
❖ Turkish Seljuk kingdom was
destroyed by the Mongols
❖ Turks=
❖ Militaristic
❖ Loyal to their own groups
❖ Not united by a strong central
power
10. Turks Settle in Christian Byzantium
❖ Ghazis= warriors for Islam
❖ Knights= Christian warriors during the
Middle Ages
❖ Military Societies:
❖ Leader! emir
❖ Strict Islamic code of conduct
❖ Raided territories of the
“infidels” (those who didn’t believe in
Islam) who lived on the frontiers of the
Byzantine Empire
11. 1. OSMAN
❖ = known as “Othman” in the west
❖ = most successful ghazi
❖ =established a small state in
Anatolia
❖ His successors would expand
12. Ottoman’s military success
❖Why? Use of gunpowder
❖Replaced archers on horseback
with musket-carrying foot soldiers
❖One of the first to use cannons as
offensive weapons
13. 2. ORKHAN I
❖ Declared himself sultan, meaning
“overlord” or “one with power”
❖ Turkish Empire was on the rise
14. How Ottomans treated those they conquered?
❖ Kindly
❖ Ruled through local officials appointed by
the sultan
❖ Improved the life of peasants
❖ Muslims! required to serve in Turkish army
❖ Non Muslims! did not have to serve in the
army but had to pay the tax (JIZYA)
15. 3. TIMUR THE LAME
❖ Known as Tamerlane to Europeans
❖ Claimed to be descended from Genghis Khan
❖ Ferocious
❖ Physically impressive (tall, large head, dark,
white hair which he had since he was a child)
❖ Conquered Russia and Persia
❖ Burned Baghdad
16. 4. MEHMET II
❖ Mehmet the Conquerer
❖ Achieved the most dramatic feat in Ottoman history
❖ Conquers Constantinople and forth between
Christians and Muslims
❖ Then went to Hagia Sophia (important church in
Eastern Christian world) and Mehmet insisted it be
treated with respect (then opened it to many
religions- Jews, Christians, and Muslims)
17.
18. 5. SELIM THE GRIM
❖ Overthrew father and murdered his
brothers
❖ To protect his position, killed off
nephew all but one of his sons
❖ Great general
❖ Captured Mecca and Medina, Cairo
(intellectual center of the Muslim world)
19. 6. SULEIMAN the Lawgiver
❖ Under Suleiman the Ottoman Empire
reached its peak size
❖ Ruled for 46 years
❖ Military leader
❖ Dominated the whole eastern Mediterranean,
Northern Africa, central Africa
❖ At his peak, he was the most powerful
monarch on earth
22. Highly Structured Social Organization
❖ Complex military state
❖ Ottoman family ruled for 600 years
❖ Sultan had 20,000 personal slaves
❖ Janissaries= sultans slaves, got people from
conquered Christian territories
❖ Devshirme= took boys from family,
educated them, converted them to Islam and
then trained them as soldiers
❖ Religious Freedom
24. Cultural Achievements
❖ Schools, college, libraries and a
hospital
❖ Complex domes
❖ Art and literature
❖ Painters and poets inspired by
Persia and Arabia
25. Decline
❖ Suleiman killed off many heirs to
the throne
❖ Corruption in government
❖ Sultan would keep his sons locked
up without contact to the world,
making them incapable sultans
27. Safavid Empire
❖Main Idea: Many world cultures incorporate
influences from various peoples and traditions
❖Why it matters now? Modern Iran, which plays
a key role in global politics, is descended from
the culturally diverse Safavid Empire
28. Causes of Cultural Blending
❖ 2 or more countries interact
❖ 1. migration
❖ 2. trade
❖ 3. conquest
❖ 4. pursuit of religious converts or
religious freedom
29. The Safavids Build a Shi’a Empire
❖ Iranian origin
❖ Claimed they descended from
Muhammad
❖ Persecuted by Sunni Muslims
❖ Located between 2 other empires,
Safavids focused on building a powerful
army
30. ISMA’IL Conquers Persia
❖ Safavid military was a forced to be reckoned
with
❖ Called “redheads” because of their red helmets
❖ Isma’ll! 14 year leader of the redheads
❖ Seized most of what is now Iran
❖ Took title of shah, or king
❖ Established Shi’a Islam as the official religion
❖ Religious tyrant
31. Shah Abbas
❖ Created a Safavid culture= best of
Ottoman, Persian and Arab worlds
❖ Established a relationship with Europe
❖ Brought Chinese artisans to Safavid
Empire
❖ Isfahan= capital city
❖ Demand for Persian carpets
36. After Journal + Lesson
1. Go to the class blog + complete the
“Website Activity” to review the Ottoman
and Safavids (some of these will appear
on your test)- SUBMIT online at end
2. Individual Time- finish monotheistic
chart (turn in), flash cards, 10:3 H/W
from textbook, study book notes
