The document provides an overview of the Ottoman Empire through a presentation. It discusses the empire's origin in Asia Minor in the 13th century under Osman I. At its peak, the empire spanned Southeast Europe, Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa. It then began declining after naval defeats in the 16th century. The presentation covers additional topics like language, food, festivals, economy, sultans, conquests, architecture, and the devshirme system of conscripting non-Muslim children. The golden era is identified under Suleiman the Magnificent, and three main reasons for the empire's eventual decline are discussed.

1. Presentation on Ottoman Empire
Presented by: Malik Asadullah Shahid

3. Origin :
• After Baghdad fell to the Mongols , the
Seljuks declared an independent sultanate in
East and Central Asia minor.
• In 1301, UTHMAN, the Uzbek of the Ottoman
clan overthrow the seljuk aristocracy and
proclaimed himself the Sultan of Asia minor.
• Othman was a son of Etrul Ghazi and Khalima
Khanum and reined the empire until his
death.

5. Introduction:
• The Ottoman Empire was the one of the largest
and longest lasting Empires in history.
• During the peak time of this empire following
countries became the part of this empire
including Turkey, Egypt, Greece, Bulgaria,
Romania, Macedonia, Hungary, Palestine, Jordan,
Lebanon, Syria, Parts of Arabia, and much of the
Coastal strip of North Africa.
• The Empire began to decline after being defeated
at the Battle of Lepanto (1571) and losing almost
its entire navy.

6. Language:
• Educated Ottoman Turks
spoke Arabic and Persian.
• Turkish alphabets are based on Arabic
alphabet.
• Turkish was formed by Arabic letters, Persian
letters and additional letters in Turkish.

8. Food:
• Ottomans was the food lovers.
• Food they eat includes soups, pilafs, kebabs,
vegetables, fish, breads, pastries, candy and
halva, syrup and jams and beverages, fed as
many as ten thousand people a day and, in
addition, sent trays of food to others in the
city as a royal favor.
• The importance of food has been also evident
in the structure of the Ottoman military elite,
the Janissaries.

10. Festivals
• Crowning the prince was one of the most
celebrated festival in Ottoman Empire.
• In 1582, Ottoman sultan, Murat III, wanted to
show the splendor and the power of the
Ottoman Empire and decided to show it
through a festival on the occasion of the
circumcision of his crown prince, Mehmet.
• This festival was lasted for 52 days and 52
nights.

12. Economy:
• Economically the Ottoman Empire was the
most powerful Empire in the history.
• The city of Istanbul was the crossroads of
trade between the East and West.
• The Sultan received a fifth of all booty, a 10 %
death tax and all property of civil servants on
their death in addition to the numerous
luxurious gifts he received, Sultan also owned
all lands except for those of the mosques.

14. Sultans:
• There was a total 36 number of Sultans who
reigned the Ottoman Empire.
• Osman (I) was the first Sultan and also the
founder of Ottoman Empire.
• Suleiman (I) was known to be the most
powerful Sultan and also known as a religious
leader.
• Mehmed (VI) was the last Ottoman Emperor.

16. Conquest of Constantinople 1453 CE:• The fall of the Constantinople was the capture
of the capital of Byzantine Empire which
occurred after a siege laid by the Ottoman
Empire, under the command of Sultan
Mehmed (II).
• The siege lasted from Thursday, 5 April 1453
until Tuesday, 29 May 1453 (according to the
Julian calendar), when the city was conquered
by the Ottomans.

18. Devshirme system:• Non-Muslims in parts of the empire had to
hand over some of their children as a tax
under the devshirme ('gathering') system
introduced in the 14th century.
• The devshirme played a key role in Mehmet's
conquest of Constantinople, and from then on
regularly held very senior posts in the imperial
administration.

20. Architecture:• Turks was famous for their architecture.
• They built Mosques, Mausoleums and
Madrassahas.
• Ottoman architecture was a mixture of Islamic
and European traditions.
• One of the other source of Ottoman
architecture is Christian Art.

22. Golden Era:• This era is said to be under the Suleiman the
magnificent (ruled 1520-1566 CE) and under
his Grandson Selim (II) (ruled 1566-1574 CE).
• Suleiman came to the throne as one of the
wealthiest rulers in the world.
• The wealth and stability of the Empire at this
time attracted the top Muslim brains of the
period, and craftsmen, artists, intellectuals
and writers were eager to move to Istanbul.

24. Decline of Ottoman Empire:• Three major reasons played a role in the
decline of Ottoman Empire.
• Suleiman’s the magnificent death.
• Janissaries demanding more pay while
growing more slow and lazy.
• Corruption .

26. Thank you
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