2. Ivan Pavlov Rings a Bell
Conducted an experiment to see if
he could get dogs to salivate in
response to any stimulus
(something that produces a
reaction) that he chose.
He rang a bell seconds before
giving the dogs food and repeated
this several times
Then he rang the bell, but did not
give the dogs food afterward
The dogs still salivated in response
to the bell
3. Letters of Learning
Unconditioned stimulus (US)-
stimulus that causes a
response that is automatic or
not learned
The dog food
Unconditioned response (UR)-
automatic response
Salivating for the dog food
4. Letters of Learning
Conditioned stimulus (CS)- stimulus that is
repeatedly associated with the unconditioned
stimulus
Bell
Conditioned response (CR)- learned response to
a stimulus that was previously meaningless
Salivating when they hear the bell ring
5. Applications of Classical
Conditioning
Taste aversion- a learned avoidance of a
particular food
Example: if you have ever gotten food poisoning
and then could not eat that kind of food for a long
time?
Extinction- when the conditioned stimulus is
disconnected from the unconditioned stimulus
Example: if Pavlov keeps ringing the bell, but stops
giving the dogs food, they will stop salivating when
the bell rings
Spontaneous recovery- the reappearance, after a
pause, of an extinguished conditioned response
6. Applications of Classical
Conditioning
Generalization- responding in the same ways to
stimuli that seem to be similar
Example: the dogs may salivate when they hear a
chime
Discrimination- responding differently to stimuli
that aren’t similar to each other
7. Applications to help change behavior
Flooding- exposing a person to the stimulus until
the fear is gone
Systematic desensitization- taking baby steps to
rid a person of a fear
Counter-conditioning- pleasant stimulus is
repeatedly paired with a fearful one
