2. British
8,600 Deaths
Early capture of Fort Dearborn,
Michilimackinac, Fort Detroit,
Fort Niagara and much of eastern
Maine
1523 ships captured
Many prisoners
25 Million pounds to the national
debt
Canada
Unknown death Toll of Militia
and citizens
Untold personal property loss
from burning and looting of
property
Human pain and suffering
Cost of the War
US
11,600 Deaths
Captured Amherstburg and Sandwich (now
Windsor
$90 million dollars or 2.2% of GDP or
1.553 Trillion
The US Senate figured it would cost
another $56 million to continue the war and
the US Treasury only had $15 million
1,523 US Ships seized during the war
Serious financial loss to commerce in the
New England states
Near bankruptcy
3.
4. The Project
Heritage Canada selected the Foundation for Building
Sustainable Communities, FBSC to commemorate the
200th
anniversary of the War of 1812
Website. Mobile Phone app's. Mobile Augmented
Reality Videos, Historical Geocaching, Audio
recordings and presentations
7. “Strike wherever we can reach
the enemy, at sea and on land.
But if we fail, let us fail like
men, lash ourselves to our
gallant gars, and expire together
in one common struggle,
fighting for free trade and
seaman's rights.”
Henry Clay,
House Speaker,
US Senate
During the War of 1812
8. America
President James Madison declared war on June 16, 1812
Divided country on the war effort with New England states in
opposition
Major reason for declaration
– Angry over the impressment of US Sailors into the British
Navy
– Military Preparedness
An army of less than 12,000
A navy of 16 ships
Poor military leadership
Overconfident
• According to Pres. Thomas Jefferson, The war was a
`mere march to Montreal
American Perspective
9. Britain
Due to the assassination of the British Prime Minister the British
didn't declare war until late December 1812
Preoccupied with a long war in Europe against Napoleon 1803-
1815.
Britain was the most powerful empire in the world, with
An army of 48,000
A navy of 600 warships
But .......only 1500 British soldiers in Upper Canada
British Perspective of War
10. The Aggressors
8 million Americans
Three types of soldiers,
The Idealist,
Opportunists and the
Blood Thirsty
The Targets
500,000 Total settlers
80,000 Upper Canada settlers
– 35,000 Loyalist
– 25,000 Later Loyalist
– 20,000 Direct British
3/4 former Americans
14,000 Militia
10,000 Natives
The Protagonists
11. June 16 – Declaration of War
July 17 – Capture of Fort Mackinac
August 15 – Fort Dearborn (Chicago)
August 16 – Fort Detroit
September 3-6 – Western Raids
1813
October 13 – Queenston Heights
January 22 – Frenchtown
April 27 – York (Toronto)
1
Battles Leading Up
12.
Founded by Sir John Graves Simcoe in
1789 as the capital of Upper Canada
625 population
Undetermined number of hogs, sheep
and other misc. cattle
The civil administrator was the
successor to Sir. Issac Brock was
Major General Sir Roger Hale Sheaffe
Life in Muddy York
13.
14.
Built in 1793
Size of garrison
– 200 regular troops
– Artillery
•3 - 12 pounders
•3 - 18 pounders (obsolete)
Fort York
15.
16.
17.
On April 26, the American invasion forces
of 14 ships were spotted from Scarborough
Bluffs sailing from the east
Militia was summoned by the signal
cannon
Sheaffe confident that battle would start
early next day and took little action
Attack started at 8 am
Invasion of York
18.
19.
On April 27th
, 1813 Admiral
Chauncey and General Dearborn
sailed into York with a fleet of 14
ships and 2,500 men
300 British regulars, 300 militia and
100 natives
Main prize to seize the Sir Issac
Brock warship under construction
Invasion of York
26. The troops under Major General Sir Roger
Hale Sheaffe spiked the cannons and
mustered their troops and fled out of York
Only the regulars knew of the order
A massive explosion from the gunpower
magazine killed or wounded 250
Americans
Explosion was heard as far at Fort George
and Oshawa
Fatal Explosion
27. Three Times a Charm
The Americans
attacked two more
times and on the
third and final visit
they were repelled
29.
Major General Sheaffe
and his 150 troops of
British regulars plus
militia made haste out of
York, burning the Don
Bridge
The citizens abandoned!
Fools
30. Retreating soldiers
stayed at the Lynde
House which was one
of the Dispatch
Stations
They were robbed by
the soldiers of 83
pounds.
Lynde Family in
Whitby
31. Leaders
The wreck of the Speedy in 1804
created a power vacuum. Now the
rapid retreat of the British and Militia
and the looting of the American
troops required strong leadership.
One man stands out:
Rev Dr John Strachan
34.
The cannon fire was heard as far
as Oshawa
A group of local militia rushed to
defend York
Local farmers reported seeing the
British and militia fleeing from
York
Local Response
38. Local Involvement
Local Oshawa militia upon arrival at Muddy
York were immediately captured by the
Americans
The York Militia records show that militia men
participated
They were imprisoned for a few days then
paroled.
The Americans left on May 2nd
,
39. Opportunists
Occupation lasted five days
Before leaving they burned the
legislative buildings and looted homes
and businesses
Upon Americans retreat they and
opened the store house and distributed
goods
40. Impact
Total killed or wounded in the six-hour
battle were 157 British and 320
Americans.
5 Natives killed , inc. Two chiefs
5 Natives wounded
5 Militia killed
5 Militia wounded
22 Number of claims for losses
43. Impact of the War
Americans
Huge financial cost
Unsuccessful in campaign
Formation of a professional
army
Licence to expand west
Open season on Native
lands
Building of the Erie Canal
Bolster US manufacturing
and cotton production
Canadians
Birth of legends
Forging of an identity
Military experience proved to
be critical in the formation of
communities
Building and completion of the
Rideau Canal to bypass the St
Lawrence in 1832 from US
blockade
Tougher stance on US
immigration and intolerance to
Republican sentiments
Seeds set for the Rebellion of
1837
45. Video Series
Propaganda and an American Soldier
Robbery of Local Homestead by Militia
Compensation to local farmers
US POW Camp
Conant`s Gold
Attack on Oshawa Harbour
Tecumseh
The Amputation
General Issac Brock
Mary Henry, The other Heroine
49. Thanks
Heritage Canada
Foundation for Building Sustainable Communities
Oshawa Community Museum
Imperial Arts Productions
Oshawa Little Theatre
Pickering Village
Clarington Museum
Digital Deceptions
50. Upcoming
Doors Open Oshawa on September 21st
come
see our demonstration gardens of the War of
1812 and the Three Sisters Native plantings at
the Canadian Victory Garden
At Winchester (West of Simcoe Streets)
Welcome everyone to our series on the War of 1812 Leaders, Fools and Opportuniists summarizes the range of participants in the war. Some fought and died for a cause. Some didn't
The war has been waging since April 16 th and we are looking for men between 15 and 65 to join the local militia .It;s your civic duty Fame and fortune awaits you
Our presentation will deal with the above
It's been 10 months since the war was declared. Fort Mickalac was captured on General Brock and Techumsch captured Fort Detroit on ____ General Brock was killed in October 1012 at Queenston Heights It was now time to bring the US military to bear on the sleeping town of Muddy York General Dearborn and his 'posse' prepared for the onslaught
The US expansion was seriously curtailed to the west by the native americans. Tribes such as the Chickasaw, Shawnee, Miami, Chippewa, Ojibwi and Patawatomi British support to these tribes with trade guns, supplies and moral support infuriated the Americans Migration into Upper Canada was easier and desired
The War Hawks in the US lead by Henry Clay was anxious to strike at the British. A major grievance being the empressment of US citizens by the British navy into the growing British navy. From 1803 the British had an major naval embargo on the European ports stopping all US trade to the continent seriously hurting the US trade and commerce
Upper Canada and Lower Canada, Newfoundland and the Maritimes had a few forts and ________professional soldiers The defence of Canada was a major concern
General SheafTe began to think intently of his own safety. Mounting his horse he rides eastward, down King Street towards Kingston, and leaves his troops to follow more leisurely on foot. It is twelve miles from Toronto to Scarborough, where Levi Annis lived at his hotel. His testimony was that General Sheaffe appeared before his hotel door with his horse quite done up, and covered with foam. On going to the door and asking as to the trouble
General SheafTe began to think intently of his own safety. Mounting his horse he rides eastward, down King Street towards Kingston, and leaves his troops to follow more leisurely on foot. It is twelve miles from Toronto to Scarborough, where Levi Annis lived at his hotel. His testimony was that General Sheaffe appeared before his hotel door with his horse quite done up, and covered with foam. On going to the door and asking as to the trouble
General SheafTe began to think intently of his own safety. Mounting his horse he rides eastward, down King Street towards Kingston, and leaves his troops to follow more leisurely on foot. It is twelve miles from Toronto to Scarborough, where Levi Annis lived at his hotel. His testimony was that General Sheaffe appeared before his hotel door with his horse quite done up, and covered with foam. On going to the door and asking as to the trouble
Bisl a
The cannon fire and explosion was heard at Moode Farewell tavern
Roger Conant and othes hauled canon to the defesne of York