The document discusses how the 19th century in the Americas was shaped by the Little Ice Age from 1300-1800. It summarizes how the LIA impacted migration patterns, wars, territorial expansion in the US and Canada, and was a motivating factor for Napoleon to sell the Louisiana Territory. The document also discusses how the LIA impacted the outcomes of Civil War battles and how Lincoln exploited Union victories for political gains regarding slavery.

1. How the Americas Change:
The Long 19th Century
• 600 year Little Ice Age [LIA] founded Americas, spread the plague, caused
hundreds of famines, and resulted in and directly effected, nearly every
aspect of the largest migration of people worldwide in history!
• Wars, Battles, and entire military forces are effected and in some cases
destroyed by the LIA.
• The largest land area sale ever is motivated by local European LIA effects,
results in doubling the size of the Unites States without another war.
• What was the Civil War fought over? It is was not to free the slaves?
• Civil War battles and outcome are effected severely by the LIA saving the
Union thus preserves the existence of the United States.
• Maximilian zu Weid and Karl Bodmer preserve the Indian cultures.
• How the Battle of Antietam was exploited using propaganda by the North.
• How McClellen had a better understanding of the Civil War than Lincoln.

2. China trade spreads:
Stories of the prosperous New World
• China needs all its people for the labor to feed itself and produce exports,
so it is illegal to leave the country!
• Immigrants from China exit illegally and bring labor and its culture to the
US. They support the Gold Rush, build railroads, and thrive in free
enterprise. Adapt from labor pools to be hugely successful business
owners. While maintaining their high cultural values and taking advantage
of building Chinatowns they readily built their American family lives.
• World trade by Spainish, British, Dutch, and other Europeans provided the
transportation and information critical to beginning the New World.
• This later provided import and export means of trade for the New World.
• The LIA and the tip of South America route resulted in the founding of the
New World (much earlier), as a shorter route to Asia.
• Those in the New World wanted items they were accustomed to in Europe
and export items were greatly desired by countries around the world.

3. Canada
• France and British colonies are land sources to build the Commonwealth.
• The Little Ice Age had a huge silent impact on the establishment of Canada.
• New France passed into the British empire in the Seven Years War (1756-
1763).
• War of 1812.
• Canada and Britain both feared the post revolutionary war and the American
Civil War leading both toward the Commonwealth of Canada.
• This keeps and sets the stage for a Canada without a war.
• British North American Act of 1867
• 1869 Purchase from Hudson Bay Company of the Northwest Territories.
• 1840 and 1867 permitted the provinces to govern their internal affairs.
• Alberta and Saskatchewan in 1905 and Newfoundland in 1949.
• 1931 Canada gains power over its Foreign Affairs from Britain.

4. The Little Ice Age [LIA]
1300-1800
• The LIA started in just ten years. This was exploited by religious leaders
throughout Europe due to limited scientific and medical knowledge.
• The Black Plague due to flees from rats in 1347-1351, it killed 25 million
which was 1/3 of the population.
• In 1315 Ural Mts. to Iceland 5 years of rain destroying huge grain fields
killing 1.5 Million people.
• These hard times led motivations of colonizing the New World by Europe.
• Famines throughout Europe. 1371-1791 France alone had 111 famines. In
1601 Russian famine killed 500,000.
• The Thames froze each year from 1607-1814 (207 years) yearly business
and celebration period.
• Founding of the New World, Civil War battles and Union winning, and the
Louisiana Purchase, all directly affected by the LIA on Napoleon and
Britain. All securing the United States existence from coast to coast.

5. The Louisiana Purchase of 1803
• In 1682 French military claimed the area for King Louis XIV [worthless].
• In 1762 after the French-Indian War gifted it to Spain. Perfect cushion
between the French Emperor of Mexico, placed to force debt repayment.
• In 1763 Treaty of Paris (GB, FR, and SP) gives Great Britain control of North
America west of the Miss. River except the port area of New Orleans.
• 1800 Napoleon is ruler of France effected by huge debt of his wars, and is
severely effected by the LIA. He started with 600,000, 130,000 retreated and
less than 40,000 made it back to Vilnius! He is motivated to not fight. Also
Haiti is not in his control, making worthless to the French!
• Napoleon makes a bogus deal to swap Louisiana for Spain to have an Italian
palace in Parma. Now sets himself to sell property he doesn’t own! Then sells
it after 1802 yellow fever attack on 30k troops leaving only 4K.
• In 1801 Adams is so concerned of French or British involvement, he doesn’t
stay for Jefferson’s Inaugural address! Jefferson desires to buy instead of
fighting to settle the Louisiana port problem.
• France asks 22.5Mil and settles later for about 15Mil about 4c/acre. French
had Baring Co. of Bank of England to fund the loan, which meant the money
for them to later attack England was borrowed from their own bank!!!

6. The Northern Frontier exploration
Maximillian zu Weid and Karl Bodmer
• 1832-1833 earliest most detailed documentary of
Indian history and their culture ever produced.
• The land and its plants and animals were included.
• 400 watercolors and drawings of which (81) were
engravings were produced aqua-tint volumes.
• The steamer Yellowstone departed from St Louis.
• He made many Indian friends, and his trip ended
with his closest dying of small pox.
• The Jocelyn Museum in Omaha, Neb is repository.

7. Crossroads of Freedom
Antietam [Sharpsburg]
• There are many wars prior to the Civil War, all of which play significantly
into the motives and strategies of those fighting.
• The North (Union) was fighting a losing battle and President Lincoln knew
this fact well and Gen. McClellan was given Command of the Army of the
Potomac. He became painted as a “fear of failure”. was full of distain for
abolishionists and Republicans. He even became suspect by Lincoln who
eventually relieved him later in this history.
• The war had all but surrounded the North, and these battles of
decisiveness occurred in the north not in the south. This was the key
point which led Lincoln to appoint McClellan against his advisors.
• Lincoln is well documented in his position that the country cannot be
maintained with slaves free in some states and slaves without freedom in
other states. The Civil War was not started and fought about stopping
slavery!
• Lincoln wrote the Gettysburg Address and his advisors convinced him to
not issue it. He stuck it into his desk for over a year.

8. Britain and France, Caribbean Island
Slavery, effects on the Civil War
• Monroe Doctrine and its 4 main points must be understood to have
any hope of knowing the motivations prior to, during, or after the
Civil War period.
• Great fear throughout both sides was the effect of France or
England getting into the war, a central point never taught clearly.
• If freedom of Slaves could be pitched throughout all the States in
North America, this could upset all of the Caribbean and South
American businesses depending on Slaves for labor to make the
huge profits.
• Since Slaves were nearly all brought in from the Caribbean, this
would destroy the Slave Trade business itself, which was mainly a
Black Afrika business in which upper class Black’s shipped and sold
lower class Black’s in the Caribbean and made an abundance
available for North America.

9. Turning defeat into a perceived
Northern (Union) victory
• The South had nearly isolated the Northern Capitol from its Northern states.
• McClellan was much more adroit to the long term effects of individual battles and
their effects after the war than anyone in the government or military! He always
tried to win with as little force as possible and essentially refused to make
excessive killing his mode of operation. He always understood the implications of
reunification after the war. The same was accepted by R. E. Lee afterwards when
as a professor, he admonished those who didn’t accept the loss by the South,
refused bitterness and went on with his life.
• The famous pictures (which were propaganda at the time, and still remain as
educational propaganda in modern school rooms) of the Battle of Gettysburg were
taken days after the Northern troops dead had been removed and buried. Making
it appear that the slaughter of troops was one sided. This set the stage for
demoralizing the South and motivating the North.
• Lincoln encouraged McClellan to chase the South down and kill them in the woods
to ensure they could never fight again or want to, he maintained his limited
approach of war and eventually was relieved of command by Lincoln.
• These pictures and the news of this and other battles in the near time frame to it,
set the stage to release the address and put the political spin of slavery on the Civil
War and make Lincoln out to be the liberator of the slaves!

10. The Address by Lincoln
• Fredrick Douglass pressed Lincoln into and convinced him to use the Slave
issue into a war about freedom for Black Slaves.
• Benjamin Butler devises tactical and legal manuvering, and developed the
idea of treating the slaves as “contraband of war” to permit confiscation
of private property (Slaves). Property and Contract Law was very
important to the North and South, the very idea and origin of the
Declaration of Independence!
• After a year in his desk, Lincoln has the victory he needed for issuing the
Gettysburg Address to ensure its contents do not fall on deaf ears. Now
adds more people with interest in a Northern win. The free Blacks
(North) and the Slave Blacks (South) have the same motivation, the North
cannot lose now, the numbers just moves against the South.
• Lincoln was always willing to win the war independent of the outcome of
the Slave issue. For him the war was never about slavery He just knew
post war time problems of slavery were huge. If he could have negotiated
a peace with the South he would have done so, even if it meant not
freeing the Blacks in the South!