Direct instruction is a teaching strategy that relies on strict lesson plans and lectures from the teacher with little room for variation. It is teacher-directed with specific steps to guide students toward clearly defined learning outcomes. Some key characteristics include an academic focus on content, whole-class or small-group delivery, and constant monitoring to check for understanding from students. The principles of direct instruction include introducing new topics, providing clear explanations and examples while checking for understanding, guided practice with monitoring, and concluding lessons with independent practice and evaluation.

1. DIRECT INSTRUCTIONHIMANSU BHUSANA SAMARATHM.ED.SCHOOL OF EDUCATIONPONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY,PUDUCHERRY

2. MEANINGCommon teaching strategy, relying on strict lesson plans and lectures with little or no room for variation.

3. Does not include activities like discussion, recitation, seminars, workshops, case studies, or internships.

4. Teacher Directed definite structure with specific steps to guide pupils toward achieving clearly defined learning outcomes.Continued…….delivering large amounts of information in a timely manner

5. based on the learning theories of behaviourism and developmentalism. BASIC CHARACTERISTICSOF DI:Academic Focus - Content driven -

6. Whole Class or Small group Delivery;.

7. Constant monitoring to Check for Understanding (CFU)

8. Controlled Classroom Practice

9. Teacher-centered/ Transmission of Information one way – from Teacher to students.PRINCIPLES OF DIRECT INSTRUCTION

10. PRINCIPLES OF DIRECT INSTRUCTIONIntroduction/Review:Topics or information to be learned is presented to the pupils or review of information sets the stage for learning.Development:The teacher provides clear explanations, descriptions, examples, or models of what is to be learned while checking for pupils' understanding through questioning.Guided Practice:Opportunities are provided to the pupils to practice what is expected to be learned while the teacher monitors the activities or tasks assigned.

11. Continued…..Closure:Teachers conclude the lesson by wrapping up what was covered.Independent Practice:Assignments are given to reinforce the learning without teacher assistance.Evaluation:Assessment of pupil progress is conducted to determine levels of mastery.

12. ADVANTAGESThe teacher has control of the timing of the lesson.

13. Students are physically easy to monitor.

14. The teacher has control over what will be learned, and who will learn.

15. The curriculum can be covered

16. Guarantees specific Learning outcomes

17. Uses time effectively

18. Easy to implementDISADVANTAGESIt is based on old learning theories

19. Students do not have a sense of the overall purpose of the simple steps.

20. Teachers cannot assess what the students’ prior knowledge is.

21. Retention of how to solve the problems is low, because the students have not struggled with the problem themselves.DISADVANTAGES continued Low Transfer rate

22. Problem solving skills not developed

23. Irrelevant/Unmotivated

24. Disregards cooperation

25. Direct instruction as an instructional method works for only a small per- centage of students, not for a great variety. HOW TO USE DIRECT INSTRUCTION WELL ?Choose a concept for which direct instruction is appropriate.

26. The students must know what is coming. Give them an advance organizer ­ what they will be learning, in what order, and how much time each aspect will take.

27. Speak clearly, with a varied tone and speed. If you do not have a really interesting voice, use as little direct instruction as possible, or have speeches written out for your students, or use supplementary materials such as videos, etc. Continued…..Enhance what you are saying with visuals. Overheads or power point relieve the monotony of one person’s voice. Also, not all students are auditory learners.

28. Vary your lessons by not always speaking, but bring in activities, and other audio-visuals.