This document discusses direct instruction as a teaching strategy. Some key features of direct instruction include lectures, demonstrations, and teacher-centered approaches. Direct instruction focuses on academic achievement and has been shown to be more effective than inquiry-based teaching or problem-based learning. While direct instruction can effectively teach concepts and skills, especially to struggling students, it also has limitations such as being dependent on the teacher and not accommodating individual student needs. The document provides advice on planning, implementing, and evaluating the effectiveness of direct instruction lessons.

1. DIRECT
INSTRUCTION
AS A TEACHING STRATEGY
Using
2018
CHAIDIR
ACD 217 004
Department of Biology Education
Postgraduate Program
Palangkaraya University

2. Some Importants Features of Direct Instruction
Lectures
Demonstrations
Simple forms of direct
instruction include
TEACHER
Centered
APPROACH
Cognitive Architecture
Human
Compatible with
Kirschner, Sweller & Clark (2006)
Focus on academic achievement

3. John Hattie’s review shows
us that DI has twice the
effect size of inquiry-
based teaching, four times
the effect size as problem-
based learning and ten
times the effect size of
whole language

4. have been very popular approaches to
teaching for many years
But yet they are often CRITICISED
Direct Instruction
WHY?
BoringIf Direct Instruction is
implemented poorly,
it can be very

5. There is a strong reason
Why many teachers still use
Direct Instruction
It gives maximum control over:
what when how
students learn

6. Some Advantages of Direct Instruction
Direct instruction can be used to help students
achieve many types of learning outcomes
Direct instruction
can also be used to
demonstrate skills to
students

7. Some Advantages of Direct Instruction
Direct instruction can be an efficient way to
introduce students to a new area of study by
giving them a broad overview that defines key
concepts and shows how they are interrelated.
This helps students to develop the foundation
knowledge that they need for later learning

8. Some Advantages of Direct Instruction
Direct instruction allows you to highlight
important points

9. Some Advantages of Direct Instruction
Direct instruction can be equally effective with
large and small classes and with students from
most cultures.
Large Class Small Class

10. Some Advantages of Direct Instruction
Direct instruction is one of the most effective
approaches for teaching explicit concepts and
skills to low-achieving students (Berliner, 1982;
Ross & Kyle, 1987)

11. Some Advantages of Direct Instruction
Lectures can be a useful way to provide
information for students who are poor readers or
who are not very skilled at locating, organizing
and interpreting information.

12. Some Advantages of Direct Instruction
Generally, direct instruction allows you to create
a non-threatening learning environment for
students. Those who are shy, not confident or
not knowledgeable are not forced to participate
and become embarrassed.

13. Some Limitations of Direct Instruction
Direct instruction is not always the most effective way
to help students to learn.
Because of teacher’s central role in direct
instruction, success of this strategy depends
heavily on what I have reffered to as the ‘image’
that the teacher projects (Killen, 1990)
If the teacher does not appear to be well prepared,
knowledgeable, confident, enthusiastic and well
organized, the students will become bored or
distracted and their learning will be hindered

14. Direct instruction relies heavily on students
being able to assimilate information through
listening, observing and note taking.
Students who
are not very
good at these
skills will find it
difficult to learn
from direct
instruction.
Some Limitations of Direct
Instruction

15. It is very difficult to cater for the individual
differences between students’ abilities, prior
knowledge, interest in the subject, rates of
learning, levels of understanding or learning
styles during direct instruction.
Some Limitations of Direct
Instruction

16. There is some research evidence that the high
level of structure and teacher control that is
characteristic of direct instruction may have
negative impact on students’ problem solving
abilities, independence and curiosity (Ross &
Kyle, 1987).
Some Limitations of Direct
Instruction

17. If direct instruction does not involve some
students participation (such as asking and
answering questions), their interest will be
lost after 10-15 minutes, and they will
remember little of the content.
Some Limitations of Direct
Instruction

18. if used too frequently, direct instruction can
lead students to believe that it is the teacher’s
job to tell them all they need to know.
Some Limitations of Direct
Instruction
I have all the things that
you need to know

19. Because direct instruction involves a lot of one-way
communication, they may be limited opportunities to
gain feedback about student understanding. The
teacher may not be aware that some students have
developed misconceptions.
Some Limitations of Direct
Instruction

20. Planning and Implementing Direct Instruction
Writing lesson
outcomes
Selecting
lesson content
Organizing
the lesson
content
Preparing
lesson notes
Helping
students to
master the
language of
your subject
Helping
students to
take notes
Checking
learner
understanding
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

21. Determining Whether Your Direct Instruction
Was Effective
EVALUATE YOUR TEACHING
Gather some evidence
Evidence
The outcomes they can
demonstrate
Their scores on quizzes
Their answers to questions in class
And so on
Decide whether you should be satisfied with the
results of your instruction

22. DISCUSSION
ANY QUESTIONS?
Thank You
2018
CHAIDIR
ADAM
ACD 217 004
Department of Biology Education
Postgraduate Program
Palangkaraya University