This document summarizes the key aspects of direct instruction, including its definition, benefits, limitations, comparisons to constructivism, and effectiveness according to teacher interviews. Direct instruction is a teaching method where the teacher explicitly demonstrates and explains a concept or skill while students repeat and practice, with the goal of students mastering the content. It is most effective for teaching specific skills but may limit creativity; constructivism emphasizes student exploration but risks lack of guidance. Teachers interviewed found direct instruction beneficial for younger students and those with disabilities.

1. Direct Instruction
By: Cindy Davis & Dakota Smith
By PresenterMedia.com

2. Effectiveness of Direct Instruction / Pros and Cons for this
method
•Direct Instruction Agenda
What is Direct Instruction?
Compare and contrast Direct Instruction with Constructivism
Interviews with teachers / How effective Direct Instruction is
in their classroom.
Dakota
Cindy
Dakota
Cindy

3. • Direct instruction?
• I SEE, WE SEE, YOU SEE-I SAY, WE SAY, YOU SAY
• Visual aids?
• Video tapes/clips
• Pictures
• Photos
• Power point
• Black/white boards
• books
And what do we use to teach it?
•What is Direct Instruction?

4. I
say
We
Say
You Say

5. What Should Education Look Like???

6. Central role is assigned to the
teacher.
Classroom management is key.
Effective when specific content and
skills are primary goals.
Specific set of operations and
procedures.
Provide multiple opportunities for
feedback and practice.
Model is arranged with decreasing
teacher control.
DIRECT INSTRUCTION
Direct Instruction vs. Constructivism
CONSTRUCTIVISM
Learners construct their own
knowledge.
Learning enhanced through social
interaction.
Learning focuses on explanations
and answers.
Teacher needs to be aware of when
to intervene.
Verbalization and sharing of ideas.

8.  Does not belong in special education
 More work involved
 Creates difficulty when meeting
standards are concerned
Constructivist Teaching
Benefits
Limitations
 Lends itself to higher order thinking
 Provides student responsibility
 Provides developmental learning

9.  Can get dry if effort isn’t placed on
presenting instruction
 Provides inappropriate use of methods
 Limits students ability to use critical
thinking skills
Direct Instruction
Benefits
Limitations
 Invaluable in special education
instructions
 Allows you to group students by ability
 Allows complex knowledge to be
communicated

11. • disadvantages of direct instruction
• It is based on old learning theories: simple tasks before complex ones,
only measurable learning is worthwhile.
• Students do not have a sense of the overall purpose of the simple steps.
• Teachers cannot assess what the students’ prior knowledge is
• Retention of how to solve the problems is low,
• Direct instruction as an instructional method works for only a small
percentage of students, not for a great variety.
• advantages of direct instruction
• The teacher has control of the timing of the lesson.
• Students are physically easy to monitor.
• The teacher has control over what will be learned, and who will learn.
• The curriculum can be covered, so the teacher can say that s/he taught the
material.
• Any information for which there is one right answer, can be taught
efficiently and honestly by using direct instruction.
•Pros And Cons
Why you should or shouldn’t use direct instruction.

12. High Vs. Low Social Economic Income
• How the
Teachers teach is
important!
• Two different
schools
• Two different
styles of learning
• Two different
social economic
incomes.

13. How Direct Instruction Compares with alternate teaching methods in different
countries and with different languages.
Research indicates that
Direct instruction
works better even in
other countries for
teaching young
children, children with
disabilities, or children
that are learning to
speak more then one
language.
other countries

14. •INSTRUCTORS ARE ABLE TO
DEMONSTRATE THE TECHNIQUE
EFFICIENTLY TO STUDENTS AS A
COMBINATION OF INSTRUCTIONAL
COMPONENTS.
DIRECT INSTRUCTION IN
LANGUAGE SKILLS CAN IMPROVE
CONVERSATIONAL GRAMMAR.
PRE- AND POSTTEST COMPARISONS
BETWEEN GROUPS SHOWED THAT
THE DIRECT INSTRUCTION GROUP
MADE SIGNIFICANTLY GREATER
GAINS THAN THE TRADITIONAL
GROUP ON
PHONOLOGICAL/ORTHOGRAPHIC
MEASURES.
Other Languages

16. Second Grade
 Shirley Carlton
Third Grade
 Sandy Woods
Kindergarten
Through
Third
Grade
Kindergarten
 Elaine Heger
 Marty Clayton
First Grade
 Becky Woodbury
•Interviews with teachers at SCES
 Compare and contrast Direct Instruction with Cooperative Learning
 Instruction that they personally use in their classroom

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(ACCESSED 9/16/2010).
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LANGUAGE SKILLS AND FOREIGN-LANGUAGE APTITUDE OF AT-RISK FOREIGN-LANGUAGE
LEARNERSJOURNAL OF LEARNING DISABILLITIES 28. 2
(1995), 107-120, HTTP://LDX.SAGEPUB.COM/CONTENT/28/2/107.ABSTRACT.
(ACCESSED SEPTEMBER 17,2010).
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INSTRUCTIONEDUCATION RESOURCE INFORMATION CENTER 28. 2 (1980), 51,
HTTP://WWW.ERIC.ED.GOV/ERICWEBPORTAL/SEARCH/DETAILMINI.JSP?_NFPB=TRUE&_&ERICEX
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