Exploratory learning is a student-centered approach that encourages creative thinking, hands-on learning, and reflection. It allows students to discover relationships between new and existing knowledge through less structured exploration and experimentation. Key characteristics include open-ended learning, out-of-the-box thinking, developing innovative and creative skills, and reflective evaluation. Exploratory learning is effective because it enhances student achievement, provides opportunities for social interaction important for cognitive development, and teaches generalized problem-solving skills.