History of Islamic Civilization, Religion, and Culture

1. Islamic Civilization History
for Zoey and Kaya
Created by GrandBob
Muse
Grandma

2. Islamic Civilizations
from Spain to Indonesia
Note: This is a draft because the scope of Islamic Civilization is vast.

3. This is an excerpt from World History Lessons for Zoey and Kaya
Clickable links begin on next slide.

4. Early History of Islam
Spread of Islam
Modern Islam History
Islam Religion
Islam Culture
Islamic Cuisine
Islamic References
Content of Presentation

5. History Overview from Book
From Book: Destiny Disrupted by Ansary (Recommended)
Western History Overview for Contrast
Islamic History Overview
(Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal)

6. Islamic History Timeline
Muhammad and the Rashidun Caliphs (632-661)
• 6th century CE (13 BH – 23 AH)
The Umayyad Caliphate (661 - 750 Damascus) (750 -1031 Cordoba)
• 7th century CE (23 AH – 81 AH)
• 8th century CE (81 AH – 184 AH)
the Abbasid Caliphate (750 - 1258) , the Mamluk Empire (1250 - 1517), the Delhi Sultanate (1206 -1526)
• 9th century CE (184 AH – 288 AH)
• 10th century CE (288 AH – 391 AH)
• 11th century CE (391 AH – 494 AH)
• 12th century CE (494 AH – 597 AH)
• 13th century CE (597 AH – 700 AH)
• 14th century CE (700 AH – 803 AH)
Regional empires: Ottoman Empire (1299 -1922), Safavid Empire (1501 -1736), Mughal Empire(1526 - 1857)
• 15th century CE (803 AH – 906 AH)
• 16th century CE (906 AH – 1009 AH)
• 17th century CE (1009 AH – 1112 AH)
• 18th century Ac (1112 AH – 1215 AH)
• 19th century Ac (1215 AH – 1318 AH)
The period of colonialism and postcolonial nation-states
• 20th century Ac (1318 AH – 1421 AH)
• 21st century Ac (1421 AH – present)

7. Early History of Islam

8. Early History and Muhammed
Arabia before Islam Muhammed Quotes
More Quotes
The center of the Muslim religion is the Kaaba temple in Mecca. Millions of Muslims
go on pilgrimage (Hajj) there to worship every year. Religious Muslims also bow 5
times a day to day towards Mecca Inside the black cube is a meteorite.
Meeting with Bahira
Hubal:Pre-Islam God
The Message Movie
Hegira
Muhammed’s Wives
LakhmidsGhassanids
Pre-Islamic Arab Kingdoms
Wife KhadijaIbn Ishaq
Muhammed
Biographer
Sira
Daughter Fatima
Ansars

9. Muhammed Timeline
• 570: Birth of Muhammad
• 582: Muhammad's journey to Syria with his uncle Abu Talib. They meet with Bahira, a Christian monk.
• 594: Muhammad works for Khadija; leads her trade caravan to Syria and back (approximate date)
• 595: Muhammad marries Khadija (approximate date).
• 595: 24 July— Birth of Fatimah, the daughter of Muhammad. All of Muhammad's descendants are through her.
• 605: Muhammad helps rebuild the Ka'ba.[1]
• 610: 9 February— The first announced revelation of the Qur'an in the cave at Hira.
• 619: Muhammed is given his first revelation from the Angel Gabriel in the cave.
• 619: Khadija is the first to believe Islam
• 613: Invitation of the close families of Muhammad to Islam
• 613: Declaration at Mount Safa inviting the general public to Islam
• 614: Persecution of the Muslims by the Quraish. A party of Muslims migrates to Abyssinia..
• 617: Boycott of the Hashemites and Muhammad by the Quraish.
• 619: April/May— Lifting of the boycott. Deaths of Abu Talib and Khadija, Year of Sorrow.
• 620: Visit to Taif. "Ascension to the heavens".
• 622: 9 September—20 September, Hijra—migration to Medina. First year of Islamic calendar.
• 623: January— Constitution of Medina. Establishment of the first Islamic state.
• 624: Battle of Badr. Expulsion of the Bani Qainuqa Jews from Medina.
• 624: The direction of prayer is converted from Jerusalem to Mecca.[3]
• 625: Battle of Uhud. Expulsion of Banu Nadir Jews from Medina.
• 625: Birth of Hasan ibn Ali, son of Ali and Fatimah and 2nd Shia imams.
• 626: Birth of Husayn ibn Ali, son of Ali and Fatimah and 3rd Shia imams.
• 627: Battle of the Trench. Invasion of Banu Qurayza.
• 628: Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. Battle of Khaybar. Muhammad sends letters to various heads of states.
• 629: Muhammad pilgrimage to Mecca. Battle of Mu'ta.
• 630: 11 January— Conquest of Mecca. Battle of Hunayn. Battle of Autas. Siege of Ta'if.
• 632: 6 March— Farewell pilgrimage at Mecca.
• 632: 8 June— Death of Muhammad.

10. Early History after Muhammed
Abu Bakr 632-634 AD
Umar 634 -644 AD
Uthman 644 -656
Hazrat Ali (656 -661 AD)Rashidun Caliphate 632 - 661 AD
Note Islam forbids the use of portraits
Khalid_ibn_al-Walid
Battles 1 Battles 2
Aisha 613-678 AD
Muhammed’s
Wife
Khalifas

11. Rashidun Caliphate Timeline
• 632: 8 June Abu Bakr is chosen as caliph after a fight at Banu Saqifa,
• 633: Muslims invade Bahrain, Oman, Yemen, and Hadramaut. Raids in Iraq.
• 634: 22 August— Death of Abu Bakr, the first caliph of Islam.
• 634 Umar ibn al-Khattab assumes power as the second caliph.
• 634: Battle of Bosra, Battle of Damascus, Battle of Ajnadin. Death of Abu Bakr.
• 635: Battle of Bridge, Battle of Buwaib, Conquest of Damascus, Battle of Fahl.
• 637: Conquest of Syria, Conquest of Jerusalem, Battle of Jalula.
• 639: Conquest of Khuzistan. Advance into Egypt. Plague of Emmaus.
• 641: Conquest of Alexandria in Egypt.
• 642: Battle of Nihawand; Conquest of Egypt.
• 643: Conquest of Azarbaijan and Tabaristan (Mazandaran).
• 644: 5 November— Assassination of Umar, second caliph of Islam.
• 644: Uthman ibn Affan becomes the caliph.
• 646: Muslims invade Khurasan, Armenia and Asia Minor.
• 647: Muslims invade North Africa. Conquest of the island of Cyprus.
• 648: Muslims battle against the Byzantines.
• 650: First conflict between Arabs and Turks.
• 655: Naval battle of the Masts against the Byzantines.
• 656: 17 June— Assassination of Uthman, the third Caliph of Islam.
• 656: Ali ibn Abi Talib becomes the fourth caliph.
• 657: Ali shifts the capital from Medina to Kufa. Battle of Siffin.
• 659: Conquest of Egypt by Muawiyah I.
• 660:. Muawiyah declares himself as the caliph at Damascus.
• 661: 29 January— Ali ibn Abi Talib, fourth Caliph, is assassinated by Kharijites

12. Islam invades Persia
Pre-Islamic Sasanian Empire 620 Muslim Conquest of Persia 654
Battle of Nahavand 642
The Byzantine and Sasanian Empires had weakened each other during a long series of
wars which made it easier for the Arabs to defeat them in battle.
Battle of al-Qadisiyyah 636

13. Islam invades Byzantine Empire
Battle of Yarmouk 636
The Byzantine and Sasanian Empires had weakened each other during a long series of
wars which made it easier for the Arabs to defeat them in battle.
Battle of the Masts 654
Mediterranean Sea Battles
Greek Fire

14. Arab Conquests (622-750 AD)
United by Mohammed and Islam, the Arabs came from Arabia and built an empire
Muawiyah I
Caliph Marwan I
Founder Umayyads

15. Islam in the Middle East
Umayyad Caliphate 750 AD Abbasid Caliphate 850 AD
Mongol Ilkhanate 1300
Seljuq Dynasty 1060 AD
Timeline of Islamic Dynasties

16. Umayyad Caliphate
• 660: Ali recaptures Hijaz and Yemen from Muawiyah. Muawiyah I declares himself as the caliph at Damascus.
• 661: 29 January— Ali ibn Abi Talib, fourth Caliph, is assassinated by Kharijites. buried in Najaf, Iraq.
• 662: Kharijites' revolts.
• 666: Muawia bin Hudeij raids Sicily.
• 669: Hasan ibn Ali, the second Imam of the Shiites is poisoned and killed.
• 669: Husayn ibn Ali becomes Imam of Ali ibn Abi Talib's followers.
• 670: Advance in North Africa. Conquest of Kabul.
• 672: Capture of the island of Rhodes. Muslims invade Khurasan.
• 674: The Muslims cross the Oxus. Bukhara becomes a vassal state.
• 677: Occupation of Samarkand and Tirmiz. Siege of Constantinople.
• 680: 28 April— Death of Muawiyah. Yazid I becomes caliph.
• 680: 10 October— Battle of Karbala and Husayn bin Ali is killed along with his companions.
• 682: North Africa Uqba bin Nafe marches to the Atlantic, is ambushed and killed at Biskra.
• 684: Abd Allah ibn Zubayr declares himself as the caliph at Mecca.
• 684: Marwan I becomes the caliph at Damascus. Battle of Marj Rahit.
• 685: Death of Marwan I. Abd al-Malik becomes the caliph at Damascus. Battle of 'Ayn al-Warda.
• 691: Battle of Maskin. Kufa falls to Abd al-Malik.
• 692: October— The fall of Mecca. Abdul Malik becomes the sole caliph.
• 695: Kharijites' revolts in Jazira and Ahwaz. Battle of the Karun. Muslims wage war against Kahina in North Africa.
• 695 They advance in Transoxiana and occupy Kish.
• 700: Muslims attack the pagan Berbers in North Africa and convert all of them to Islam in a short period of time.
• 700 By the end of this century, the global Muslim population had grown to 1 percent of the total.
•

17. Umayyad Caliphate (cont)
• 705: Death of Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan. Accession of Al-Walid I as Umayyad Caliph.
• 711: Conquest of Spain by Tariq ibn Ziyad and of Transoxiana by Qutayba ibn Muslim.
• 712: Conquest of Sindh by Muhammad ibn Qasim
• 715: Death of Walid I. Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik becomes Umayyad Caliph.
• 717: Beginning of the Second Arab siege of Constantinople.
• 717: Death of Sulayman. Umar II becomes Umayyad Caliph. Pact of Umar.
• 718 End of the Second Arab siege of Constantinople.
• 720: Death of Umar II. Yazid II becomes Umayyad Caliph.
• 721: First Turgesh invasion into Transoxiana under Kursul.
• 724: Death of Yazid II. Hisham becomes Umayyad Caliph.
• 725: The Muslims occupy Nîmes in France.. The retreating
• 730: Khazars invade northwestern Iran and defeat the Umayyad forces at the Battle of Marj Ardabil
• 731: Khurasani Arab army suffers horrendous casualties at the Battle of the Defile against the Turgesh.
• 732: The Battle of Tours in France.
• 737: Marwan ibn Muhammad (later Caliph Marwan II) poured across the Caucasus and defeated a Khazar army
• 737: At the Battle of Kharistan, Asad ibn Abdallah al-Qasri drives back the Turgesh invasion of Khurasan.
• 740: Shi'a Zaydi Revolt under Zayd ibn Ali. Berber revolt in North Africa.
• 740: Battle of Akroinon against the Byzantines.
• 743: Shi'a revolt in Khurasan under Yahya ibn Zayd.
• 744: Deposition of Walid II.
• 744: Yazid III becomes Umayyad Caliph and dies the same year.
• 744: Ibrahim becomes Umayyad Caliph and is overthrown the same year.
• 744: Marwan II becomes Umayyad Caliph.
• 746: Kufa and Mosul occupied by Marwan II.
• 749: Capture of Kufa by the Abbasids. As-Saffah becomes the Abbasid Caliph at Kufa.
• 750: Fall of Damascus. Execution of Marwan End of the Umayyads in the Middle East
Marwan

18. Spread of Islam

19. Spread of Islam

20. Ummah Islamic Community
Largest Extent over History Current Extent 2020
Islamic Population by Country
Dar al-Islam and Dar al-Harb

21. Travels of Ibn Battuta
Ibn Battuta
Movie:Journey
to Mecca

22. Muslim Invasion of Europe (711-732)
Battle of Tours 732Conquest of Spain 711
Islam in Spain and France
Tariq ibn Zayid Charles Martel

23. Umayyad Caliphate in Spain (711-1031)
711 – A Berber force of about 7,000 soldiers under general Tariq ibn Ziyad, enters the Iberian peninsula from North Africa.
711 - At the Battle of Guadalete Tariq ibn Ziyad defeats King Roderic.
712 – The Muslim governor of Northern Africa, Musa ibn Nusayr, follows Tariq ibn Ziyad with an army of 18,000 Arabs.
714 – First Umayyad campaigns in the lower Ebro valley and southeast part of the Iberian Peninsula.
715 – Abd al-Aziz ibn Musa is left in charge and makes his capital the city of Seville.
717 – Córdoba becomes the capital of Muslim Al-Andalus.
721 – A combined force of Aquitanians and Franks under Duke Odo of Aquitaine defeat an Umayyad army at the Battle of Toulouse.
732 – The Cordovan army defeats an Aquitanian force under Duke Odo of Aquitaine on the Garonne next to Bordeaux.
732 - Frankish commander Charles Martel and Odo defeat an Umayyad army at the Battle of Tours-Poitiers
735 – Arabs take Arles in the Rhône Valley.
739 – Berbers revolt in North Africa, thereafter expanding to Iberia.
739 - Rebels in North Africa defeat a Syrian force and kill its commander Kulthum.
740 – Berbers rebel against the ethnically exclusive Arab Umayyad Caliphate and refuse to support them with tax revenues.
741 – The 10,000 survivors of Kulthum's force arrive in Iberia under a new leader, Talaba ibn Salama.
755 – Abd ar-Rahman I of the Umayyad dynasty flees to Iberia to escape the Abbasids.
756 – Abd ar-Rahman I defeats Yusuf al-Fihri outside Córdova
778 – The Franks led by Charlemagne attack Zaragoza, but are forced to withdraw empty-handed
788 – Death of Abd ar-Rahman I, founder of the independent Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba. His successor is Hisham I.
800 – Charlemagne takes Barcelona
844 – Vikings raid the Galician estuaries, are defeated by Ramiro I, attack Lisbon, and sack Seville
929 – Abd al-Rahman III proclaims himself Caliph of Córdoba, breaking all ties with the Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad.
929 - Under the reign of Abd al-Rahman III Muslim Al-Andalus reaches its greatest height
950-959 - Forty-eight Christians are decapitated for refusing for blaspheming Muhammad
953 – Big Moorish incursion in Galicia.
961 – Al-Hakam II becomes Umayyad Caliph of Córdoba.
976 – Caliph Al-Hakam II dies, and Al-Mansur takes over becoming a military dictator
977 – Al-Mansur volunteers to lead the army against the Christians, and is successful.
981 – Ramiro III of León is defeated by Al-Mansur and is obliged to pay tribute to the Caliph of Córdoba.
987 - .Al-Mansur has Santiago de Compostela destroyed.
998 – Wadih, a Slav and the best Andalusian commander of the time, takes Fez in Morocco with a large force.
1000 -Al-Mansur dies in the village of Salem.
1000 - Power in Al-Andalus subsequently divided between the old Arab nobility, the Berber mercenaries, and the Slav slaves.
1002–1008 –The period of anarchy over the next 23 years in which emerged approximately two dozen taifa states.
1012 – Berber forces capture Córdoba and order that half the population be executed.
1023 – The Abbadid Emir of Seville, Abu al-Qasim Muhammad ibn Abbad, declares independence from Muhammad III, Umayyad Caliph of Córdoba.
1028 – The Moorish Caliphate of Córdoba falls.

24. Islamic Cordoba 711-1236
Cordoba Mosque
AveroesAbd al-Rahman I al-MansurZiryab

25. Abassid Caliphate Timeline
Abassid Revolution (750–751)
Power (752–775)
Abbasid Golden Age (775–861)
Fracture to autonomous dynasties (861–945)
Buyid and Seljuq control (945–1118)
Revival of military strength (1118–1258)
Mongol invasion leby Hulagu Khan (1206–1258)
Abbasid Caliphate of Cairo (1261–1517)
Abu al-Abbas
as-Saffah Al Mansur Harun-al-Rashid Al-Musta'sim
Hulagu Khan
Abassid Revolution Rise and Fall of the Golden Age
Mongol Conquests
Abu Muslim
Buyid Dynasty 934-1062

26. Battle of Talas: Tang Dynasty vs. Abbasid
The Tang Dynasty was spreading West into Central Asia where it came into contact with the Muslim Abbasid
Caliphate spreading East. The Battle of Talas was won by the Muslims stopping the expansion of the Tang Dynasty.
Chinese prisoners from the battle taught the Arabs the use of paper which then spread to Europe.
Battle of Talas 751 AD
Gao Xianzhi
Muslim Chinese Conflicts
Ziyad ibn Salih

27. Abassid Caliphate Culture
Islamic Golden Age
Science
Literature
Philosophy
Architecture
Foundation of Baghdad
Glass and crystal
Painting
Pottery
Textiles
Technology
Status of women
Treatment of Jews and Christians
Arabization
Holidays
Baghdad 800 ADArabian Nights
Samarra Mosque
Rashid al Din
House of Wisdom

28. The Crusades (1096 - 1204 AD)
Europeans invaded the Mideast to capture Jerusalem fro the
Muslims. They had some initial success but were eventually driven out.
However they brought back some of the Arab culture.
Saladin

29. Islam in Africa

30. Islam in Egypt
Mamluk Sultanate 1250-1517Fatimid Caliphate 973-1171
Ayyubid Dynasty 1218 -1250Tulunid Emirate 868 -905
Islamic Rulers of Egypt
Ahmed bin Tulun
Abdallah al-Mahdi
Billah
Saladin
Qutuz

31. Islam in North Africa above Sahara
Magreb
Magred
Egypt
Berbers (Amazigh)
List of Morocco Rulers
Almohad Caliphate
1124-1248
Marinid Sultanate
1215 -1465
Almoravid Dynasty
1040-1146
Rise of Almohads

32. Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa
Mali Empire
West Africa
East AfricaExpansion of Islam into Africa
Mansa Musa 1325 Muhammad Ahmad 1883
Mahdi
Siege of Khartoum 1885
Mahdist War

33. Muslim Sub-Sahara Africa
Suakin, Sudan
Tjenne, Mali
al-Bajrawiya, Sudan
Timbuctu, Mali
Kilwa Mosque Tanzania
Abuja, Nigeria

34. Mongol Empires
By the 1303’s, all the Mongol Khanates except Yuan Dynasty were Muslim
Battle of Marj al-Saffar 1303
Battle of Ain Jalut 1260
Mamluk stop Mongols
Mongol Invasions
Zahir Baybars Abaqa Khan

35. Turkish Empires
Pre-Islam Gokturk Empire 552 - 657
Seljuk Empire 1037 - 1194
Ottoman Empire 1299-1922
Tughril Beg Osman 1Bumin Qaghan
Gokturk Seijuk Ottoman
Ottoman BattlesBattle of Manzikert
Alp Arslan
Seijuk
Nizam al-Mulk
Hassan-i Sabbah
Assassins

36. Three Gunpowder Empires 1550
All Ruled by Strong Dynasties with Central Asian Turkish origins.
Ottoman- Safavid Battle of Chaldiran 1514 Mughal-Safavid War 1649-1653

37. Islam in Central Asia and Afghanistan
Timur Ulugh Beg
Bukhara Khanate
1500-1785Timurid Empire 1370 - 1526
Abdullah Khan II
Ghaznavids 975-1187
Sabuktigin Mamud Ghaznavi
Saminid Empire
819-999
Ismail Samani
History of Islamic Iran

38. Islam in Turkey
Suleiman
1520-1566 Roxelana
Mehmed
1446-1448
1451- 1481
Ottomans vs Byzantines
Fall of Constantinople 1453
Seljuks vs. Byzantines Battle of Lepanto 1571
Suleiman’s Wife
Janissaries
Siege of Vienna 1683

39. Islam in the Balkans
History of the Balkans
Sokollu Mehmed
Muslim Slavs
Sarajevo at WarSarajevo MosqueAlbanian Mosque
Bosnia
Albania
Bulgaria

40. Islam in South Asia
Delhi Sultanate 1206-1555 Mughal Empire 1555- 1857
Taj Mahal 1650
Ottoman-Portugese Conflict 1538-1589
Piri Reis
Piri Reis Map
Estêvão
da Gama
Ghurid Dynasty 879 -1215
Babur 1555 Akbar 1575
6 Kalimas
Autobiography
Shah
Jahan
1635
Mumtaz
Mahal
1631

41. Islam in Southeast Asia
National Mosque in
Kuala Lumpur
Mosque on Borneo
Islam in MalaysiaIslam in Indonesia
Indonesia Religious Map
Modernist Islam
Champa Mosque Istiqlal Mosque, Jakarta
Champa Islam

42. Modern History of Islam

43. Some Islamic Cities
Mecca Latakia Isfahan Fez
SamarkandLuxor
IstanbulKarbala Marrakech
Tangier
Cairo
Holy Cities
Medina
Morocco Cities

44. Islam in Iran
Islamic Safavid Empire 1500-1736
Iran History Timeline
Early Islamic period
Mongol conquest and rule (1219–1370)
Timurid Empire (1370–1507)
Early modern era (1502–1925)
Pahlavi era (1925–1979)
Revolution and the Islamic Republic (1979–present)
Ismael I 1525
Safavid Founder
Abbas the Great
Golden Age1600
Mahmud Ghazan Khan
Mongol Ruler converts
to Islam 1295
Nader Shah 1725
Afsharid Empire 1750
Mongol Ilkhanate 1300
Reza Shah 1935
Pahlavi Iran 1925

45. World War I
Lawrence of Arabia Gallipoli Landing 1915
Aegean
Dardaneles
To Istanbul
Gallipoli Peninsula
Ottoman Empire
before World War I
Middle East
after World War I
Ataturk 1920
Ottomans during
World War I

46. Islam in Arabian Peninsula
Abdul Aziz Saudi Arabia Founder
Arabian Peninsula
List of rulers of Arabian Peninsula Countries
First Oil Well in Arabia 1938
Abu Dhabi

47. Iranian Revolution (1979)
Mossadegh 1967 Shah 1980
Khomeini 1989 Khameni 2020Iran Hostage Crisis 1979
Iranian Revolution Demonstration

48. Islam in Europe
Albania
Bosnia
Kosovo
Turkey
Islamic Terrorist Attacks in EuropeIslamic Integration into Europe

49. Islam in the UK
Islam in England
London Mosque
List of British Muslim
Sadiq Khan
London Mayor Nizari Isma'ilism
Aga Khan
Anjem Choudary
7/7/05 Bombing
Jihad Imam

50. Islam in Germany
Berlin MosqueAngela Merkel Greeting Refugees
Turkish Day Parade in Berlin
Islam in Schools
Kebab Stand
Tureci Sahin
Covid-19 Vaccine

51. Islam and France
Arab Immigrants in France
Current Relationship
Umayyad Invasions of France
722 and 732 Franco-Ottoman Alliance 1536
French African Colonial Empire

52. Algerian Revolution(1954-1962)
Algerian Demonstrators Pied Noir French Settlers
De Gaulle 1959Ben Bella 1964 Salan 1984Belkacem 1970 Generals Putsch 1958
Speech in French

53. Islam in the Philippines
Religions in the Philippines
Masjid Dimaukom
Beautiful Mosques in Philippines
Nua Musuari
Moro Liberation Front
Moro Rebellion against US Occupation
Moro Rebellion against Spain

54. Islam in US
Black Muslims
Elijah Muhammed Malcom X
History of Islam in US
Islamic Center of US
US Mosques
Islamic Center in Washington DCNation of Islam Mosque Louis Farrakhan

55. Islam in the Soviet Union and Russia
Islam in Russia
First Chechen War
Second Chechen War
Chechnya
Islam Population in USSR 1979
Successor Islamic States to USSR
Terrorist Attack Moscow

56. Islam Successor States To USSR
Azerbaijan Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan Tajikistan Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan

57. Late 20th Century Islamic Wars
Iran - Iraq
Afghanistan - Russian
Battle ScenesKurdish Civil War
All Kurdistan Wars
India - PakistanYemen - Saudi Arabia
India Wars Pakistan History
Kashmir
Islam in India

58. Israeli - Arab Wars
1948
1956
1967
1973
Palestine Intifada 1987, 2007
Lebanon 1962
Gaza 2020
Nasser Sadat
Arafat Hamas Hezbollah
1956, 1967 1973
1990, 2000
2020
Arab League and Israel

59. US in the Middle East
Iran
Iraq SyriaAfghanistan
Kuwait
Lebanon

60. Islamic Terrorism
9/11 ISIS
Osama bin Laden
Al Qaeda
Terrorism in US after 9/11 Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi

61. Islamic Groups in Africa
Ansar al Sharia, Libya Al-Shabaab, Somalia
Boka Haram
Muslim Brotherhood
Jihadists, Mali
Janjaweed, Sudan
Pirates, Somalia
Tuareg Rebels, Mali

62. Arab Spring (2010 - 2012)
EgyptTunisia
Syria BahrainYemen
Libya

63. Following Arab Spring
Iran
Libya
Syria
EgyptYemen
Bahrain

64. Persecution of Muslims
Uighurs in ChinaMyanmarIndia
USEurope Russia

65. Some Recent Islamic Leaders
Erdogan, Turkey Sisi, Egypt Khamenei, Iran Assad, Syria
Benazir Bhutto,
Pakistan, 2007
MBS, Saudi Arabia
Omar al-Bashir
Sudan 2019 Sultan of Brunei
Sukarno
Indonesia 1970
Muammar Gaddafi
Libya 2011

66. Islam Religion

67. Muslim Religion
Muhammed Quotes
More Quotes
Kaaba Mosque in Mecca. The dots are people
The center of the Muslim religion is the Kaaba temple in Mecca. Millions of Muslims
go on pilgrimage (Hajj) there to worship ehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Iran_hostage_crisisery year. Religious Muslims also bow 5 times a day to day towards
Mecca Inside the black cube is a meteorite.
History and Architecture of Kaaba
Maryam and Isa
Mary and Jesus
Abraham Hagar Ismael
Hadith
Sunna Sharia
FiqhSahabah
Akham Jihad
Qiyas
Ijma
Ijtihad
99 Names of Allah
Prophet’s Mosque, Medina

68. Beautiful Mosques
United Arab Emirates.Blue Mosque Istanbul
Russia
Uzbekizstan
Pakistan
Iran
Call to
Prayer
Call to
Prayer 2
Sufi Whirling
Dervishes
There are two main branches of Islam, Sunni and Shiite. The Mosques below are all Sunni except
for the one in Iran. The Sufi are a mystical branch of Sunni Muslims.
Jerusalem
beautifulmosques.com

69. Quranic Reciters
Saad Al Ghamidi
Saudi Arabia
Mishary bin Rashid
Kuwait
Abdul-Basit Abdus-Samad
Egypt
Saud ibn Ibrahim
Saudi Arabia
Abdul Rahman Ibn Abdul Aziz
Saudi Arabia

70. Five Pillars of Islam
The Five Pillars are the core beliefs and practices of Islam:
1. Profession of Faith (shahada). The belief that "There is no god but God, and Muhammad is the Messenger of
God" is central to Islam. This phrase, written in Arabic, is often prominently featured in architecture and a range of
objects, including the Qur'an, Islam's holy book of divine revelations. One becomes a Muslim by reciting this
phrase with conviction.
2. Prayer (salat). Muslims pray facing Mecca five times a day: at dawn, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset, and after dark.
Prayer includes a recitation of the opening chapter (sura) of the Qur'an, and is sometimes performed on a small rug
or mat used expressly for this purpose (see image 24). Muslims can pray individually at any location (fig. 1) or
together in a mosque, where a leader in prayer (imam) guides the congregation. Men gather in the mosque for the
noonday prayer on Friday; women are welcome but not obliged to participate. After the prayer, a sermon focuses
on a passage from the Qur'an, followed by prayers by the imam and a discussion of a particular religious topic.
3. Alms (zakat). In accordance with Islamic law, Muslims donate a fixed portion of their income to community
members in need. Many rulers and wealthy Muslims build mosques, drinking fountains, hospitals, schools, and
other institutions both as a religious duty and to secure the blessings associated with charity.
4, Fasting (sawm). During the daylight hours of Ramadan, the ninth month of the ‘Islamic calendar, all healthy adult
Muslims are required to abstain from food and drink. Through this temporary deprivation, they renew their awareness
of and gratitude for everything God has provided in their lives—including the Qur'an, which was first revealed during
this month. During Ramadan they share the hunger and thirst of the needy as a reminder of the religious duty to help
those less fortunate.
5. Pilgrimage (hajj). Every Muslim whose health and finances permit it must make at least one visit to the holy city of
Mecca, in present-day Saudi Arabia. The Ka'ba, a cubical structure covered in black embroidered hangings, is at the
center of the Haram Mosque in Mecca (fig. 2). Muslims believe that it is the house Abraham (Ibrahim in Arabic) built for
God, and face in its direction (qibla) when they pray. Since the time of the Prophet Muhammad, believers from all over
the world have gathered around the Ka'ba in Mecca on the eighth and twelfth days of the final month of the Islamic
calendar.

71. Sunni Groups
Sunni : Sunni Muslims are the largest sect of Islam. Derived from the word Sunnah, which means
the examples or actions of the Prophet, Sunnis are those who follow the Sunnah. They believe in
the legitimacy of the four caliphs - Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Hazrat Ali
Sunni Islam is divided into four schools of law or fiqh (religious jurisprudence) Hanafi, Shafi,
Maliki and Hanbali. There are minor differences among these schools of laws.
Hanafi: Followers of Imam Abu Hanifa, the Hanafis see Quran, the Sunnah: the
ijma (consensus) and qiyas (deduction from analogy) as the source of law. Hanafis
are based mostly in the Indian subcontinent, Iraq , Turkey, and the western world.
Maliki: Followers of Imam Malik, the Malikis lay great emphasis on istadlal - juristic
deduction. It is practiced mostly i n North and West Africa.
Shafi: The Shafis are the followers of Imam Shafi and give emphasis on ijma
(consensus). The Shafia are widely scattered and form about 15% of Muslims
globally
Hanbali: The Hanbalis are followers of Imam Hanbai. This school is the most rigid
and follows the Sunnah literally
The ulama are the guardians, transmitters, and interpreters of Islamic doctrine and law.
There are fundamentalist Sunni groups called Salafists with some groups advocating jihad
Wahhabism is a conservative Salafist sect which is dominant in Saudi Arabia
Jihad means “struggle” which can be internal (self-improvement) or external against unbelievers

72. Shia Groups
Shia: The Shias are the second largest sector Islam. Followers of Hazrat Ali, the fourth Caliph
and son-in-law of Prophet Muhammed, the Shias oppose the institution of the caliphate and
follow imamate (divine appointment as mamas among the descendants of Hazrat Ali). The
Shias believe that the Prophet;’s family (Ahi al-Bayt), including the descendants known as
imams,have a divine right to rule over the community. Though a minority in the Muslim worls,
the Shias are in a majority on Iran (70 million)
The differences between the Shia and Sunnis were accentuated by the murder of Ali by the
Kharijites in 661 AD. His chief opponent, Muawiuah, became Caliph. Muawiah was later
succeeded by his son Yazid, but Ali’s son Hussain refused to accept his legitimacy and
differences between the two erupts Hussain and his followers were massacred in battle near
Karbala.
Shia Islam is divided into several branches: The Twelvers (Ashna Asari), the Akhbaris, Alawites,
the Usulis, the Zaidis, the Ismailis, Nizaris, Kojas, Mustalians, and Dawoodi Bohras. The
Twelvers are the largest group who are awaiting the return of the twelfth Iman al-Mahdi to
establish true law.
There is also a sect called the Ahmadis who are considered heretical by other Muslim groups
because the founder proclaimed himself to be a prophet Messiah in the 19th century

73. Sufi Groups
Sufi: Sufism (Arabic: ‫َّة‬‫ي‬ِ‫وف‬ ُّ‫,)ٱلص‬ also known as Tasawwuf[1] (Arabic: ‫ُّف‬‫و‬ َ‫َّص‬‫ت‬‫,)ٱل‬ variously defined as "Islamic mysticism",
[2] "the inward dimension of Islam"[3][4] or "the phenomenon of mysticism within Islam",[5][6] is mysticism in Islam,
"characterized ... [by particular] values, ritual practices, doctrines and institutions"[7] which began very early in
Islamic history[5] and represents "the main manifestation and the most important and central crystallization of"
mystical practice in Islam. Sufis are not a third sect but a spiritual practice within Sunni and Shia.
Sufis in Uzbekistan
Sufis in Morocco Sufis in Lebanon
Sufis in Egypt
Sufis in Turkey
Sufis in Iran
Sufism Books
Different Sufi orders based on
individual teachers include:
Bektashi
Chishti
Kubrawiya
Mawlawiyya
Muridiyya
Naqshbandi
Nimatullahi
Qadiri
Senussi
Shadhili
Suhrawardiyya
Tijaniyya
Al-Hallaj 900 Safi 1300Ibn Arabi 1200

74. Islam Modernism and Reformers
Fazlur Rahan Malik
Pakistan
Egypt
Mahmud ShaltutMuhammad Abduh
Egypt
Modernism in Islam
Kemal Ataturk
Rashid Risha
Libya
Ahmad Dahlan
Indonesia
Afghanistan
Mahmud Tarzi
Turkey
Afghanistan
Jamāl al-Dīn
Iran
Mirza Malkam Khan
Inda
Syed Ahmed Khan

75. Islamic Culture
Arab Culture

76. Islamic Holidays
Hijri date 1441 AH 1442 AH 1443 AH 1444 AH 1445 AH
Islamic New Year 1 Muḥarram 31 Aug. 2019 20 Aug. 2020 9 Aug. 2021 30 July 2022 19 July 2023
Ashura 10 Muḥarram 9 Sep. 2019 29 Aug. 2020 18 Aug. 2021 8 Aug. 2022 28 July 2023
Arbaʽeen 20 or 21 Ṣafar[b] 19 Oct. 2019 8 Oct. 2020 27 Sep. 2021 17 Sep. 2022 6 Sep. 2023
Eid-e-Shuja' 9 Rabī‘ al-Awwal 6 Nov. 2019 26 Oct. 2020 15 Oct. 2021 5 Oct. 2022 24 Sep. 2023
Mawlid an-Nabī
('Birthday of the
Prophet' [Muhammad])
12 Rabī‘ al-Awwal (Sunni) 9 Nov. 2019 29 Oct. 2020 18 Oct. 2021 8 Oct. 2022 27 Sep. 2023
17 Rabī‘ al-Awwal (Shia) 14 Nov. 2019 3 Nov. 2020 23 Oct. 2021 13 Oct. 2022 2 Oct. 2023
Birthday of ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib[a] 13 Rajab 8 Mar. 2020 25 Feb. 2021 14 Feb. 2022 4 Feb. 2023 25 Jan. 2024
Laylat al-Mi'raj 27 Rajab[e] 22 Mar. 2020 11 Mar. 2021 28 Feb. 2022 18 Feb. 2023 8 Feb. 2024
Laylat al-Bara'at 15 Sha‘bān 8 Apr. 2020 28 Mar. 2021 18 Mar. 2022 7 Mar. 2023 25 Feb. 2024
Hujjat-Allah al-Mahdī[c] Birth 15 Sha‘bān 8 Apr. 2020 28 Mar. 2021 18 Mar. 2022 7 Mar. 2023 25 Feb. 2024
First day of Ramaḍān 1 Ramaḍān 24 Apr. 2020 13 Apr. 2021 2 Apr. 2022 23 Mar. 2023 11 Mar. 2024
Laylat al-Qadr
19, 21, 23, 25, 27, or 29
Ramaḍān[f]
between
12 & 22 May
2020
between
1 & 11 May
2021
between
20 & 30 Apr.
2022
between
10 & 20 Apr.
2023
between
29 Mar. & 8 Apr.
2024
Chaand Raat 29 or 30 Ramaḍān[h] 23 May 2020 12 May 2021 1 May 2022 20 Apr. 2023 9 Apr. 2024
Eid al-Fitr 1 Shawwāl 24 May 2020 13 May 2021 2 May 2022 21 Apr. 2023 10 Apr. 2024
Hajj 8–13 Dhū al-Ḥijja
29 July – 3 Aug.
2020
18–23 July
2021
7–12 July 2022
26 June – 1 July
2023
14–19 June 2024
Day of Arafah 9 Dhū al-Ḥijja 30 July 2020 19 July 2021 8 July 2022 27 June 2023 15 June 2024
Eid al-Adha 10 Dhū al-Ḥijja 31 July 2020 20 July 2021 9 July 2022 28 June 2023 16 June 2024
Eid al-Ghadeer 18 Dhū al-Ḥijja 8 Aug. 2020 28 July 2021 17 July 2022 6 July 2023 24 June 2024
Eid al-Mubahalah 24 Dhū al-Ḥijja 14 Aug. 2020 3 Aug. 2021 23 July 2022 12 July 2023 30 June 2024
Note that some holidays are specific to subgroups such as Shia

77. Arabic Language
Arabic Alphabet Arabic Script
Languages using Arabic Script
Arabic overview video
Arabic Greetings

78. z
Islamic Mathematics, Science, and Engineering
Ibn Sinan
940 AD
Sharaf al-Dīn
1200 AD
Abu al-Assam
1000 AD
Al-Khwarizmi
800 AD
First minute of “Great Muslin Minds” videos are repetitive
Subtract 622 from AD to get After Hegira (AH) date
Ismail al-Jazari
1200 AD
Ibn Hayyan
800 AD
Ibn Furnas
850 AD
Al Zarawi
1000 AD
Al Biruni 1000 AD
Ibn Qurra
900 AD
Al Razi
900 AD
Al-Farisi
1300 AD
His teacher
Qutb Al-Din

79. z
Islamic Philosophers
Islamic Philosophy
Rumi 1250 Ibn Khaldun 1375
Avicenna
Ibn Sina 1025
Averroes Ibn
Rushd 1150
Sohrevardi 1175
Illusionism
Ibn Firnas 850
Al Kindi 850 Al Ghazali 1100
Falsafa KalamMuslimPhilosophy.org
Maimonides 1170
Jews under Islam
Fakhr al-Din
al-Dazi 1200
Muʿtazila
InfluenceLife
Ghazali Movie
Tamiyah 1299
Al-Farabi 900

80. z
Islamic Writers,Translators, and Poets
Ibn Al-Khatib
Writer 1350
Hunayn ibn Ishaq
Translator 850 AD
Nestorian Christian Persia Rubaiyat
Omar Khayyam
Poet 1100 AD
List of Islamic Writers and Poets
Orhan Pamuk
Novelist 2006
Morocco Turkey
Salman Rushdie
Egypt 1966
Sayyid Qutb
Britain 1983
Muhammad Iqbal
Pakistan 1938
Rahman Munif
Saudi Arabia 2004
Hampâté Bâ
Mali 1991
Tan Twan Eng
Arab Female Authors
Malaysia 2012
Ferdowsi
Poet 1000
Shahnameh
Persia
Al-Tabari
Historian 900
Persia
Works

81. Islamic Music
Umm Kulthum
Egypt
Lydia Canaan
Lebanon
Live
Another video
Lamjarred
Morocco
Googoosh
Iran
Another video
Atif Aslam
Pakistan
Another video
Mohammed Abdu
Saudi Arabia
Another video
Wake up and fight
Yuna
Malaysia
Reem Kelani
Palestine
Ajda Pekkan
Turkey
Another video
Ali Farka Touré Mali
Toumani Diabaté

82. Islamic Music Links
Arabic Pop MusicMiddle Eastern Music Traditional Arabic Music
Morocco
Algeria
Lebanon Saudi Arabia
Egypt
Iran
Afghanistan
Pakistan
Malaysia
Sudan
Central Asia
Somalia
Mali
Iraq
Syria
Indonesia
Bangladesh
Jordan
Music from Various Countries

83. Islamic Cinema and TV
Fetih 1453 Lion of the Desert
Saladin
the Victorious
Koran by Heart One Day in the Haram
Al-Ghazali: The
Alchemist
of Happiness
Magnificent Century
Destiny

84. Islam Cuisine

85. Arab Cuisine
Mezze
Dips, Dumplings, Shells
Appetizers
Salads
Kenafeh in Nablus
Camel in Arabia
Halal

86. Arab Cuisine (cont)
Luqmat al-Qadi Dates
KabsaMaqluba
Sfiha
Musakan

87. Arab Cuisine (cont)
Mujaddara
Mansaf
Baba Ghanoush
Hummus
Labneh
Ka’ak

88. Arab Cuisine (cont)
Halvah
Qatayef
Shish Taouk
Toum
Awameh/Zalabish
Sfouf

89. Arab Cuisine (cont)
Harees
Tabbouleh
Fatoush
Kofta
Halal Meat
Samak Maqli

90. Egyptian Cuisine
Kushary
Fallafel
Shahan Ful
Ful Medames
Egyptian Fattah
Bamia

91. Persian Cuisine
Kebab
Stew Polow/Dami
BoraniMirza Ghassemi Khoresh
Regional Iranian Cuisine

92. Turkish Cuisine
Kashkek Turkish Dishes on a Sini Tray
Gözleme Sarma
Dolma
Kebab

93. Central Asian Cuisine (cont)
Manti Plov
Manpar Samsa Beshbarmak
Uzbek Kazakh Kyrgyz Tajik Afghan Turkmen Uyghur
Ashlan Fu

94. Caucasus Cuisine
Traditional dishes
Cheeses
Dough
Starters and snacks
Soups
Main courses
Condiments and sauces
Breads
Desserts
Langavi
Azerbaijan ChechenDagestan
Khinkal
Chudu
List of Caucasus Cuisine

95. Pakistani Cuisine
Baida Roti Chicken Biryani
Mutton Kheema
Garlic Mustard Fish Fillet
Bheja Fry
Nihari and Halwa Puri

96. Bangladesh Cuisine
Bakarkhani Biryani Kala Bhuna
Beef Hatkora Mishti doi

97. Moroccan Cuisine
Coucous
Tajine
Rechta
Kebbeh
Pastilla
Tanjia
Rfissa

98. Sub-Saharan Islamic Cuisine
Somali Cuisine
Iskukaris
Sudanese Cuisine
Ful Medames
KamouniaSomali Appetizers
Malian Cuisine
Jollof Rice
Tiguadege Na Tuwo Masara
Miyan Kuka
Nigerian Cuisine

99. Malaysian Cuisine
Gulai Nasi Dagang Nasi Kerabu
Lekor Asam Durian (Tempoyak) Cincalok

100. Indonesian Cuisine
RijsttafelNasi Goreng
Rendang Gado Gado
Satay
Sambal

101. Chinese Islamic Cuisine
Lamian Beef Noodle Soup
Suan Cai
Chuan
Nangbing
More Chinese Islamic Cuisine

102. Islamic References

103. Islamic Reference Links
500 Most influential Muslims
Islamic History Timeline
History and Politics Links
Islam Web
Islamic Supreme Council of Canada
Al Islam
History.com Islam
Ancient.eu Islam
Islamic Timeline in Many Areas
Wikipedia History of Islam
Wikipedia HistoryTimeline of Islam
Converts to Islam
History of Islam 1
History of Islam 2
History of Islam 3
History of Islam 4
History of Islam 5
Muslim Inc