Prophet Muhammad is considered the perfect example and ultimate role model for humanity based on several criteria. As an individual, he displayed honesty, generosity, modesty, purity, moderation, and humility. As a husband and parent, he treated his family with compassion and care. As a leader, judge, and da'i (preacher), he used persuasion, impartiality, and respect for human rights. His life and teachings are documented historically and provide guidance for all aspects of human life, making him the most comprehensive and practical role model by universal standards.

1. REFLECTION OF PROPHETIC HISTORY
Topic 4) Prophet Muhammad:
The Perfect Example for the
Mankind
A rational approach to who is the Perfect Example for the humanity.
Some of the dimensions of the Prophet (s.a.w.) as the Perfect Example:
1. As an individual,
2. as a da’ie,
3. as a Judge,
4. as a leader of the state,
5. as a commander,
6. as a husband and
7. parent

2. Q) Why do people need role model & how?
A) To get insight of a complete gain at life. There are two ways to ensure this:
- Through the process of trials & errors.
- By following figure who are known to have achieved success.
Q) How many figures can be followed? What is the reason? How to choose?
A) Pragmatically, people may have many role models, but only 1 ultimate role model.
It is because it is not feasible for man to make all of them as ultimate role model.
Comparative analysis is required to the best model with universally acceptable
criteria.

3. Q) What is the universal criteria?
The universal reasonable criteria are in:
1) Historicity: Implies 2 things:
1.1) Availability of records about one’s life and teachings in full.
1.2) The record must be authentic and evaluated intellectually.
2) Comprehensiveness: Indicates that one’s life and teachings encompass all
walks of human life such as:
2.1) an individual 2.5) a judge in any dispute
2.2) a husband 2.6) a leader for a country
2.3) a father 2.7) an economic planner
2.4) a teacher & preacher 2.8) a general in a warfare, …, etc.
3) Practicality: Implies :
3.1) Accepted intellectually
3.2) Feasible with human naturally

4. RAM MOSES BUDDHA JESUS
MUHAMM
AD (PBUH)
Available in full
Authentic and
evaluated
Historicity
Comparative study of the role models

5. As a/ an RAM MOSES BUDDHA JESUS
MUHAMM
AD (PBUH)
Individual
husband
Father
Teacher/
preacher
Judge
State leader
Economic
planner
War general
Comprehensiveness

6. RAM MOSES BUDDHA JESUS
MUHAMM
AD (PBUH)
Accepted
intellectually
Feasible
naturally
Practical

7. His Features As an Individual
1) Honesty: i.e: Abu Jahl & al-Walid, Abu Sufyan & Hercules.
2) Generous: i.e: Ramadhan, shawl, conquest of Makkah.
3) Modest: i.e: aurah (Abu Said), words (Aishah, Jewish)
4) Purity: i.e: cloth (Muddathir), wudhu’, taharah.
5) Moderation: i.e: 3 companions with obsessives, etc.
6) Simplicity: i.e: Pieces of clothes, types of foods, etc.
7) Humility: i.e: Greeting the children, his tradition in sharing food.
8) Sub-consciousness of life virtue: s.e: “You’re are indeed at the utmost virtue”
(al-Qalam:4), hadith Aishah.

8. 1. Khadijah bint Khuwailid. – 28 before Hijrah
• He married Khadijah when he was 25 and she was 40 or 28.
• The marriage last for 25 years.
• Prophet (s.a.w.) had successfully managed her business before they married.
• His success made Khadijah investigated more about him and finally approached
him to marry her.
• He didn’t marry other women when Khadijah still alive.
• She delivered for him all of his children except Ibrahim.
2. Sawdah bint Zum’ah – 3 years before Hijrah
• She was married to Sakran bin Amr. Both among the earliest who converted to
Islam & migrated to Habshah.
• Sakran died in Habshah. For her, it either to return to her non-believers family
who will torment her or to live on the streets and by marrying her, Prophet
(s.a.w.) saved her from that misery while paying a respect to her previous
husband.
• When she became old, she gave her turn to Aishah saying to Prophet (s.a.w.):
“I want to resurrected as one of your wife but I don’t want what a woman
want.”
Wives of Prophet Muhammad PBUH

9. 3. Aishah bint Abu Bakr – 3 years before Hijrah
• She Was betrothed to Jabir bin Mut’im bin ‘Adi who was a Musyrik.
• Khaulah bint Hakim recommended Prophet (s.a.w.) to marry her to strengthen
his tie with Abu Bakr as his closest companion, while saving Aishah from being
married to the enemy.
• She was the only virgin married by Prophet (s.a.w.)
• She was 6 years old when Prophet (s.a.w.) married her, but they only have sex
intercourse once she reached the adolescent in 9 years old.
• She was the wife who was greatly tested as in the story of Ifk.
4. Hafsah bint Umar– 3rd Hijrah before the Battle of Uhud.
• She was a widow for Khunais bin Khuzafah who died in Madinah.
• She was very poor, and her father was also poor. Umar asked Abu Bakr and Umar
to marry her but they kindly refused. Her life turn to be difficult and by marrying
her, Prophet (s.a.w.) saved her from that misery.
• She was 20 when Prophet (s.a.w.) married her.
• She was once divorced by Prophet (s.a.w.) but within a day, Allah instructed him
to take her back and Allah praised her as a forebearent woman.

10. 5. Zainab bint Khuzaimah (Ummul Masakin) - 3rd of 4th Hijrah.
• She was a widow of Ubaidah bin al-Harith who fall as martyr in the Battle of
Uhud.
• Stayed with Prophet (s.a.w.) for only 2 or 3 months and deceased in 4th Hijrah.
• She was called Ummul Masakin because she was very caring towards the poor
since the Jahiliyyah period.
6. Hind bin Abi Umayyah (Umm Salamah) -4th Hijrah
• He married her as a respect to her late husband, Abu Salamah who was his cousin
and brother in breastfeed. They were among the earliest who embraced Islam
and perform the Hijrah.
• He deceased because of the injuries from the Battle of Uhud.
• Their marriage happened due to her special du’a to get a better replacement of
her previous husband.

11. 7. Zainab bint Jahsh – 5th Hijrah
• Cousin of Prophet (s.a.w.). Her mother was Umayyah bint Abd al-Muttalib.
• She was a widow of Zaid bin Harithah who was a former slave and foster a son
of Prophet (s.a.w).
• Among Arab, widows of slaves or former slaves were considered similar to
slaves themselves. Thus, it was difficult for any freeman to marry them since
many freewomen when still available.
• She was the only wife married by Prophet (s.a.w.) due to a commanding verse of
Qur’an, which said,
“So when Zaid had accomplished his desire from her (i.e. divorced her), We
gave her to you in marriage, so that (in future) there may be no difficulty to
the believers in respect of (the marriage of) the wives of their adopted sons
when the latter have no desire to keep them.” [al-Ahzab: 37]
• Aishah said she was the most generous among the wives of Prophet (s.a.w.)

12. 8. Juwairiyyah bint al-Harith – 5th or 6th Hijrah
Daughter for a Mustaliq tribe leader who loss in a war in 7th Hijrah. She was
widowed, became a slave as in the portion of Tsabit bin Qais. She made a contract
with Tsabit to be freed and asked Prophet (s.a.w.) for his help. He then freed and
married her due:
- A greater cause. She was a brilliant woman ab able to proselytized her tribe
people until they all converted to Islam in several months.
- In Arabic tradition, marrying the widow of the loss enemy to the leader of the
winner was considered as paying a respect to the whole losing party.
9. Ramlah bint Abi Sufyan (Umm Habibah) – 6th Hijrah
• A widow of ‘Ubaidillah bin Jahsh who migrated to Habshah. Ubaidillah turned to
Christianity and died there leaving her alone as Muslim. Her situation became a
concern of Prophet (s.a.w.) and decided to marry her.
• Najashi was the one who asked her and paid her dowry on behalf of Prophet
(s.a.w.).
• She once asked the Prophet (s.a.w.).to marry her sister, Azzah or Hamnah (one
of the name).

13. 10. Safiyyah bint Huyaynah – 7th Hijrah
He married her as she was a noble from Nadhir and Quraidhah of Jewish tribe after
the Battle of Khaybar.
11. Maimunah bint al-Harith – 10th Hijrah
As the last woman Prophet (s.a.w.) married. She was the one who presented
herself to him as Qur’an said,
“And a believing woman if she offers herself to the Prophet, and the
Prophet wishes to marry her; a privilege for you only, not for the (rest of)
the believers. “ [al-Ahzab: 50]

14. PROPHET (S.A.W.) AS A HUSBAND
Look at the attachment

15. The Children of Prophet (s.a.w.)
1) Zainab
• Married to Abu al-’As bin al-Rabi’ he didn’t accept Islam when she
already embraced it.
• Thus, she was tortured by her husband’s family even when her husband
tried to protect her. However, in the end her husband’s family forced
him to divorce her.
• She was the daughter of Prophet (s.a.w.) who suffered the most due to
his call.
• She later migrated to Madinah.
• After Abu al-’As embraced in Islam, he migrated to Madinah and they
were married again.
• She deceased in 8th Hijrah.
• She left a daughter named Umamah whom Prophet (s.a.w.) brought
during his solat.

16. 2) Ruqaiyah
• Married to Uthman bin Affan and they migrated to Habshah.
• She fall sick before the Battle of Badr which made Uthman unable to attend
the Badr due to the instruction of Prophet (s.a.w.).
• She deceased after the news of Muslims win arrived at Madinah in 2nd Hijrah.
3) Umm Kalthum
• After Ruqayyah deceased, Prophet (s.a.w.) married Umm Kalthum to
Uthman bin Affan.
• She deceased in 9th Hijrah.
4) Fatimah
• She was born 5 years before the prophethood of Prophet (s.a.w.)
• She married to Ali bin Abi Talib in 2nd Hijrah (she was 20 years old by the
time)
• She deceased 6 month after the death of Prophet (s.a.w.) in 11th Hijrah.

17. 6) Qasim
• Born before the prophethood and deceased when he was 2 years old.
7) Abdullah
• Also named as al-Tayyib and al-Tahir because he was born after the
prophethood.
8) Ibrahim
• Born in Madinah in 8th Hijrah from Mariah al-Qibtiyyah.
• He died after 17 months in 10th Hijrah.
• When he he was breathing his last. The eyes of Prophet (s.a.w.) began
shedding tears. 'Abdur-Rahman bin 'Auf said, "O Messenger of Allah, you
too weep?" He said, "O Ibn 'Auf! It is mercy." Then he began to weep and
said, "The eyes are shedding tears and the heart is grieved, and we will not
say except what pleases our God. O Ibrahim! Indeed we are grieved by your
departure."

18. The Features of Prophet (s.a.w.) As Parent
Look at the attachment

19. His Features As a Leader of a State
Leadership:
A capacity to perceive and to access correctly all the factors given in a
situation, to decide upon the desired objective, to design the best strategy for
execution, to convince those involved of the appropriateness of the whole
scheme, and to move them to desire it with the strongest will of which they
are capable.
Some of Prophet Muhammad PBUH features of leadership:
1) Not to claim any privilege for himself. i.e: house, vehicle, etc.
2) Cultivate love and esteem of the followers
3) Pleasant call from and to each member. i.e: master to father, slave to son
4) Didn’t want to overly positioned by followers. i.e: handkiss.
5) Using power of persuasion rather than oppression.

20. Main Features As a Judge
1) Consciousness of significance of justice in life. s.e:
- Allah SWT said, “I have made injustice unlawful for myself as
well as you.”
2) Impartiality. i.e
- Ali, Jews and the armor
- The Makhzumiyyah lady and Fatimah
3) Supremacy to the law of Allah. i.e:
- Khaulah bint Tsa’labah.
- Ma’iz
4) Honor to human right. i.e:
- Barirah.
- David, Solomon and the owners of sheep and farm.
5) In motion. s.e.
- Prophet PBUH said, “Be easy to others and don’t be difficult.”

21. Main Features as a Da’i
1) Internal strength.
2) Equipped by:
- Quran as most formidable weapon.
- Eloquent in speech.
- Perfect manners.
- More action than talk.
- In action: Always pray to Allah.
- In mind: Realize that his task is to deliver by his best mechanism,
but God is alone Who dispose.
- In heart: Unconditional love towards others. i.e: Taif, ummati.
- Supports from family and companions.

22. His Features As a Leader in Warfare &
Political Leader
Shall be discussed in other topics