The document discusses different types of facility and plant layouts. It describes layout as planning the location of machines, workstations, storage areas, and infrastructure to optimize material and personnel flow. The objectives are to develop an economical layout that meets production needs while considering building constraints. Key factors for the layout decision include production type and scale, equipment, and expansion potential. The main types discussed are product/line layout, which facilitates continuous flow but requires more capital; process/functional layout, which has lower initial costs but higher material handling; and combination layouts.

1. Plant Layout

2. FacilitylayoutPlanning:for the location of all machines, utilities, employee workstations, customer service areas, material storage areas, aisles, restrooms, lunchrooms, internal walls, offices, and computer roomsfor the flow patterns of materials and people around, into, and within buildingsinfrastructure services such as the delivery of line communications, energy, and water and the removal of waste water all make up basic utilities

3. Characteristics of the Facility Layout DecisionInfrequentExpensive to implementStudied and evaluated extensivelyLong-term commitments

4. Objectives of the Layout StrategyDevelop an economical layout which will meet the requirements of:product design and volume (product strategy)Process equipment and capacity (process strategy)quality of work life (human resource strategy)building and site constraints (location strategy)

5. Importance of LayoutFacilitates: Manufacturing process. Facilitates quick movements by reduction of transportation & waiting timeMinimises material movement & handling. Efficient utilisation of resources: Men, Materials, Machines. Achieves efficiency by effective planning. Improves quality of operations by proper selection of plant, machinery, operations & sequencing.

6. Factors Affecting thePlant Layout DecisionTypes of ProductionScale of ProductionType of machinesType of Building FacilitiesAvailability of Total Floor AreaPossibility of Future ExpansionArrangement of Material Handling Equipment

7. 7MKS-BTMII-LEC2Flow Pattern(b) L-Flow(a) I-FlowI-Flow: Separate receiving and shipping areaL-Flow: When straight line flow chart to be accommodatedU-Flow: Very popular as a combination of receiving and shipping.O-Flow: When it is desired to terminate the flow near where it is originated.S-Flow: When the production line is long and zigzagging on the production floor is required.(c) U-Flow(e) O-Flow(d) S-Flow

8. TYPES OF PLANT LAYOUTS1. Product or Line layout2. Process or Functional layout3. Fixed Position or Project layout4. Combination layout (Mixed layout)

9. Product or Line layout

10. ADVANTAGES OF PRODUCT LAYOUT1. Low cost material handling2. Smooth and uninterrupted operations3. Continuous flow of work4. Optimum use of floor space5. Shorter processing time6. Simple and effective inspection of work

11. Disadvantages1. High initial capital investment2. Heavy overhead charges3. Lesser flexibility

12. PROCESS LAYOUT

13. ADVANTAGES OF PROCESSLAYOUT1. Lower initial capital investment2. The overhead cost are relatively low3. Supervision can be more effective and specialised4. Greater flexibility

14. DISADVANTAGES OF PROCESSLAYOUT1. Material handling costs are high due to backtracking2. More skilled labour is required3. More frequent inspection is needed

15. FIXED POSITION OR PROJECTLAYOUT

16. ADVANTAGES OF FIXEDPOSITION LAYOUT1. It saves time and cost involved on the movement ofwork from one work station to another2. The layout is flexible as change in job design andoperation sequence can be easily incorporated3. It is more economical when several orders indifferent stages of progress are being executedsimultaneously

17. DISADVANTAGES OF FIXEDPOSITION LAYOUT1. Production period being very long, capital investment is very heavy2. Very large space is required for storage of material and equipment near the product

18. COMBINATION LAYOUT