Dow Fire and Explosion Index (Dow F&EI) and Mond IndexEvonne MunYee
Introduction on Dow Fire and Explosion Index (Dow F&EI) & Mond Index. Explain the objectives of the index and steps to obtain the index. Mond Index is an extension of Dow F&EI.
Dow Fire and Explosion Index (Dow F&EI) and Mond IndexEvonne MunYee
Introduction on Dow Fire and Explosion Index (Dow F&EI) & Mond Index. Explain the objectives of the index and steps to obtain the index. Mond Index is an extension of Dow F&EI.
A explained presentation on fire and explosion hazard and their prevention in pharmaceutical and other chemical industry and transportation of flammable and explosive goods which could be helpful for pharmaceutical and other student who has hazard and there management in their syllabus
Implementation and application of a Process Safety Management System. This presentation will focus on the history, purpose and scope of a Process Safety Management (PSM) system. Topics covered include:
-Distinctions between personnel and process safety
-Framework and elements of PSM
-Importance of Safety Culture in the implementation and application of a PSM system
-Relevance and importance of regular audits and assessments of PSM systems
V 1 presentation on safety aspects of lpg handling and storageImran Bokhari
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a mixture of Propane and Butanes, with Propane content of 30 to 60 percent and Butanes content of 40 to 70 percent. LPG can exist in liquid state at moderate pressure at ambient temperature. It is colorless, odorless, highly volatile and heavier than air (even at ambient conditions) substance. It easily forms combustible/explosive mixture when released in air, thus posing unique safety issues. Besides being a combustible substance posing fire hazard, LPG due to its nature also poses threats of cold burns and suffocation. LPG is being extensively used as fuel in homes, restaurants, transportation and some industries. In this presentation we have discussed in detail a major HSE related incident that have occurred in the past and mitigation strategies for the same. The required safety devices and their engineering design features in LPG extraction plant to avoid accidents are also discussed.
This presentation simplifies the key postulates of Static and Mobile Pressure Vessel Rules (2016) last amended in 2018, for the design, License, operation and maintenance of LNG storage and regasification station.
A explained presentation on fire and explosion hazard and their prevention in pharmaceutical and other chemical industry and transportation of flammable and explosive goods which could be helpful for pharmaceutical and other student who has hazard and there management in their syllabus
Implementation and application of a Process Safety Management System. This presentation will focus on the history, purpose and scope of a Process Safety Management (PSM) system. Topics covered include:
-Distinctions between personnel and process safety
-Framework and elements of PSM
-Importance of Safety Culture in the implementation and application of a PSM system
-Relevance and importance of regular audits and assessments of PSM systems
V 1 presentation on safety aspects of lpg handling and storageImran Bokhari
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a mixture of Propane and Butanes, with Propane content of 30 to 60 percent and Butanes content of 40 to 70 percent. LPG can exist in liquid state at moderate pressure at ambient temperature. It is colorless, odorless, highly volatile and heavier than air (even at ambient conditions) substance. It easily forms combustible/explosive mixture when released in air, thus posing unique safety issues. Besides being a combustible substance posing fire hazard, LPG due to its nature also poses threats of cold burns and suffocation. LPG is being extensively used as fuel in homes, restaurants, transportation and some industries. In this presentation we have discussed in detail a major HSE related incident that have occurred in the past and mitigation strategies for the same. The required safety devices and their engineering design features in LPG extraction plant to avoid accidents are also discussed.
This presentation simplifies the key postulates of Static and Mobile Pressure Vessel Rules (2016) last amended in 2018, for the design, License, operation and maintenance of LNG storage and regasification station.
Sample risk assessment report for dcc safety studentsMuizz Anibire
Industrial painting/recoating of 1,530-foot (466-meter) steel portion of a 4,300foot (1,311-meter) enclosed penstock tunnel with an epoxy coating product. The task is to be completed in a permit-required confined space, with the use of a flammable solvent (16 gallons of MEK) to clean the epoxy application equipment. A hazard identification process is required to identify the potential hazards, with further risk assessment of the most severe hazards.
RISK MANAGEMENT IN AMMONIA UREA PLANTS.pdfPremBaboo4
Risk Management is the Identification, Analysis
and Economic Control of those Risks which can
Threaten the Assets (Property, Human) or the
Earning Capacity of an Enterprise” Risk
management is the process of identifying,
assessing and controlling threats to an
organization's capital and earnings. These risks
stem from a variety of sources including
financial uncertainties, legal liabilities,
technology issues, strategic management errors,
accidents and natural disasters. The article
intended The Fertilizer Plant pose fire, explosion
and toxic hazards due to unwanted and
accidental release of natural gas as well as
process gas containing CO, H2, Methane and
toxic gases like Ammonia and Chlorine. The
effect zones of the fire and explosion hazard are
generally restricted within the plant boundary
limits and near the source of generation itself.
However, effect of accidental release of
Ammonia and other toxic gases may go outside
the factory premises. This section deals with the
failure modes, listing of failure cases leading to
different hazard scenarios, consequence
modeling and the risk evaluation. Consequence
analysis is basically a quantitative study of the
hazard due to various failure scenarios to
determine the possible magnitude of damage
effects and to determine the distances up to
which the damage may be affected using
internationally accepted mathematical models.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Planning Of Procurement o different goods and services
DOW Fire And Explosion Hazard And Its Case Study I Gaurav Singh Rajput
1. DOW FIRE AND
EXPLOSION HAZARD
AND ITS CASE STUDY
BY:
GAURAV SINGH RAJPUT
@gauravkrsrajput
2. WHAT IS DOW FIRE AND
EXPLOSION INDEX?
The hazard classification guide developed by Dow
Chemical Company.
Published by the American Institute of Chemical
Engineering, Dow (1994).
It gives a method of evaluating the potential risk
from process, and assessing the potential loss.
3. OBJECTIVES OF DOW F&EI
Quantify:
The expected damage of potential fire & explosion
incidents in realistic terms
Identify:
Equipment that would likely contribute to the
creation or escalation of an incident
Communicate:
The fire & explosion potential to design teams and
plant personnel
4. It is tailored for storage, handling and processing of
explosive and flammable material in chemical
process industry. It uses systematic approach based
on rating form.
Suitable to be used at an early stage of a project and
for auditing existing plant.
Final rating number (i.e. F&EI) provided a relative
ranking of hazard.
It is also used for estimating damage radius (using
Dow correlation) and estimate dollar losses in the
event of accident (using consequences analysis form).
5. Quantative measurement based on
Historic loss data
Energy potential of material
Effectiveness of loss prevention practises
6. Application
Flammable( Combustible) and reactive materials
Material stored handled or processed
Material quantity > 2200 kg or 2.2 cubic meter
Recommended for pilot plant( >450 kg)
Should state point in time of operation
Relative ranking of risk of various process
7. Factors in selecting pertinent
process units
Chemical energy potential
Quantity of material in process unit
Capital density ($/unit area)
Process temperature and pressure
Loss history
Criticality to plant operation
8. FEI Hazard
1-60 Light
61-96 Moderate
97-127 Intermediate
128-158 Heavy
>158 Severe
FEI > 128 – Further risk review
9. Procedure
To develop the DOW FEI study, the following
documents are required:
-An accurate plot plan.
- A process flow sheet.
-Data sheets of the main process units.
-A fire & Explosion Index Hazard classification guide.
-A complete Fire & Explosion Index form.
-Replacement cost data for the installed process
equipment under study.
10. 1. The first step of the study, is the identification of
the critical process unit.
Only those items, or units, with a critical role
inside the process should be studied, and to
simplify the identification of those units.
- Storage tank
- Process stem storage tank
- Reactor feed tank
- Reactors
- Recovery vessels
- others
11. 2. Calculation of The Material Factor:
The Material Factor, it is the first parameter of the FEI
calculation. The MF is the measure of the intrinsic
potential energy released by the combustion,
explosion or chemical reaction of the substances.
Those parameters are NFPA rating expressing the
flammability and reactivity of the substance
respectively.
The MF for the particular material in the process unit
is to be obtain from table 1.
12.
13.
14. 3. General Process Hazards Factor (F1):
The general Process Hazard Factors are six different
elements, playing a primary role in the hazardous
scenario like explosions of fires.
- Material Handling and Transfer
- Process Units
- Access to the area
- Drainage and Spill Control
15. For each of this parameters, a different grade of penalty
must be chosen.
General Process Hazards Penalty Factor
Range
Base Factor 1.00
A. Exothermic Reactions 0.30 to 1.25
B. Endothermic Processes 0.20 to 0.40
C. Mat’l Handling and Transfer 0.25 to 1.05
D. Enclosed/ Indoor Process 0.25 to 0.90
E. Access 0.20 to 0.35
F. Drainage and Spill Control 0.25 to 0.50
Add them up =
General Process Hazards Factor = F1
16. 4. Special Process Hazards Factor (F2):
The special process hazard are factors that contribute
primarily to the probability of a loss incident. There
are twelve factors:
- Toxic Materials
- Sub Atmospheric Pressure (Under 500 mmHg)
- Operation IN or NEAR Flammable Range
- Toxic Materials
- Sub Atmospheric Pressure (Under 500 mmHg)
- Operation IN or NEAR Flammable Range
- Dust Explosion
- Relief Pressure
17. - Relief Pressure
- Low Temperature
- Quantity of Flammable/Unstable Material
- Corrosion and Erosion
- Leakage
- Use of Fire Equipment
- Hot Oil Heat Exchanger System
- Rotating Equipment
Each factor have contributes with a penalty range. The
choice of the correct value is related to the type and
condition of the substance, process design, and grade
of maintenance.
18. 5. Process Unit Hazard Factor (F3):
The process Unit Hazard Factor is the product of the
General Process Hazard Factor (F1) and the Special
Process Hazard Factor (F2).
(F3 = F1 X F2)
6. Determination of Fire and Explosion Index (FEI):
Fire & Explosion Index = (Process Unit Factor) x
(Material Factor)
19.
20. 7. Determination of the Area of Exposure surrounding the
Process Unit being evaluated is to be performed based
on Radius of Exposure.
8. Determination of the replacement value of all
equipment within the Area of Exposure and the
inventory is to be done.
9. Determination of the Damage Factor, which represents
the degree of loss exposure, is to be done, based on the
MF and the Process Unit Hazards Factor (F3).
10. Determination of the Base Maximum Probable
Property Damage (Base MPPD) is to be made
multiplying the Value of the Area of Exposure by the
Damage Factor.
11. When developing the F&EI, it is recommended that
people with a working knowledge of the plant's history
experiences be contacted to discuss probable incident
scenarios to assure the most viable F&EIs are developed.
21.
22.
23. CASE STUDY ON DOW’S FIRE AND
EXPLOSION INDEX
UNIT: Nitroaniline Reactor
LOCATION: Monsanto’s Krummrich Chemical
Plant
SPECIFICATION:
Reactor is located indoor
2.5 inch steel reactor designed to handle pressure of 500
to 550 psig easily.
3350 gallon reactor with pressure relief valve in series
with rupture disk
24. Due to long time leak in rupture disk and the relief valve
was corroded (no pressure indicator present b/w rupture
disk and r/v )
Absence of dyke (p.f0.5 ).
No computer control and reactor was not inerted.
Reactor was operating at 175 °c.
On the day of accident ,the reactor was charged with
1867 kg h2o, 733 kg NH3 and 1425 kg aniline.