A method of solving problems regarding solid waste .

1. Submitted by,
Jerone George
S7-41
Holykings 1

2. Municipal solid waste (MSW), commonly known
as trash or garbage (US), refuse or rubbish (UK) is
a waste type consisting of everyday items that are
discarded by the public.
MSW usually contains food wastes, paper, cardboard,
plastics, textiles, glass, metals, wood, street sweepings,
landscape and tree trimmings, general wastes from
parks etc
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3. MSW
components
Materials Composition
in India
Compostables Food waste, landscape and
tree trimmings 51%
Recyclables Paper, Cardboard, Plastics,
Glass, Metals 17.5%
Inerts Stones and silt, bones, and
other inorganic materials 31.5%
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4. A solid waste management (SWM) system includes
generation of waste
Storage
Collection
Transportation
Processing
Disposal.
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5. Composting
Incineration
Landfill
Recycling
Anaerobic Digestion
Gasification
Pyrolysis etc…
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6.  Incineration is the burning of carbon based (organic)
material in an oxygen-rich environment,
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7.  Incineration results in high levels of tars, furans, NOx,
dioxins and sulfur dioxide, which are expensive to
clean from the exhaust.
 Emit varying levels of heavy metals
Inorganic materials are not affected by the burning
process and become part of the ash
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8.  Gasification is a process that converts organic
materials into CO,H2 and CO2.
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9. Temperature range 400-850 degree Celsius
Produced low quality gas
Charcoal and other Inerts must be land filled
Drying process is important to obtain an acceptable
moisture content
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10. Plasma gasification is a high temperature pyrolysis
process
Temperature of 3900-7000 degree Celsius using
plasma torch
Organic waste into syngas
Inorganic waste into rock like glassy by-product called
vitrified slag
Eliminates need for landfill
Because of the high temperatures and lack of O2 there
are no tars, dioxins or furans and NOx and Sox are
much lower
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12.  PLASMA TORCH
 Consists of a closely spaced pair of tubular water-cooled
electrodes
The gas/arc interaction produces the superheated process
gas and leads to higher thermal efficiencies obtained for the
plasma torch 12

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14. FACTOR INCINERATION PGM
POWER
PRODUCED
544 KWh/Ton of MSW 816 KWh/Ton of MSW
INTIAL COST 637 Cr 558 Cr
RESIDUE ASH VITRIFIED SLAG
POUNDS OF
CO2
EMISSION
2988 POUNDS/MWh 1419 POUNDS/MWh
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16. Plasma gasification is the closest technology available
to pure gasification
The Plasma gasifier can process any type of waste, does
not require sorting
Almost all of the carbon is converted to fuel gas
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17. Reduce landfill and decrease greenhouse emission
PGM plant can can be modified to produce
NH3,H2SO4
Even though capital cost may be high , in the long run
PGM is profitable owing to the sale of electricity and
slag
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18. With the demand for energy always on the rise,
closures of landfills and the high cost of opening new
ones, the time has come for using plasma technology
to come to the forefront…
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19.  Gasification of municipal solid waste in the Plasma
Gasification Melting process by Qinglin Zhang b,⇑,
Liran Dor (2012)
Sustainable Solid Waste Management in India by
Ranjith Kharvel Annepu (2012)
Westinghouse Plasma Corporation
The Recovered Energy SystemTM
Urbanization and solid waste management in India:
Present practices and future challenges by Dimpal Vij
(2012)
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