Toyota Mirai Is one of the best innovations of the 21st century. It's leading us to a new Hydrogen economy which seems to be a crucial turning point for a sustainable development. This presentation was something I made for the Toyota Lanka company, but somehow never subjected to examined. Hence after 3 years, I decided it make available to all who are interested in innovation and eco-sustainable advance technologies.

1. HYDROGEN
AS AN EFFECTIVE ENERGY SOURCE
Toyota Lanka / Isuru Priyaranga

2. ABOUT HYDROGEN
 Phase- Gas (g)
 Melting point: -259.16˚C (13.99K)
 Boiling point: -252.879˚C (20.271K)
 Density : 70g/l (in liquid stage at m.p.)
 Isotopes : 1H, 2H, 3H
 A very common element found in many things.
 Hydrogen is the most abundant
element of the universe.

3. MAIN METHODS OF PRODUCTION
 Steam reforming (using natural gases)
CH4 + H2O  CO + 3H2 CO + H2O → CO2 + H2
 Using other fossil fuels.
 Partial oxidation
 Plasma reforming
 Coal
 Electrolysis of water (Energy sources : Wind,
Nuclear, Solar, geothermal & Tidal)
2H2O(l)  2H2(g) + O2(g)
 Thermolysis.
 Metal Acid.
 Anaerobic Corrosion. More

4. THE HYDROGEN ECONOMY

5. Natural Gas
49%
Oil
31%
Coal
19%
Electrolysis
1%
PERCENTAGES OF MAIN PRODUCTION METHODS

6. APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGEN
 For Chemical Industrial uses
 Production of ammonia (NH3)
 Upgrading of fossil fuels.
 Production of Margarine.
 Production of Methanol.
 Production of HCl.
 Engineering and Physical uses.
 Rotor Coolant (at power stations)
 As a lifting gas in Airships.
 Semiconductor industry.
 As an effective and Eco Energy source.

8. STORAGE OF HYDROGEN
 Must Pressurize or Liquefy.
 Methods of Hydrogen storage.
 High pressure hydrogen storage
 Liquefaction
 Solid state hydrogen storage
 Hydrogen Storage in Metal Hydrides
 Hydrogen Storage in Nanostructured /
Porous Material
 Hydrogen Storage in
Carbon-based Materials

9. METHOD 1
1) High pressure Hydrogen storage,
 The most Common & easiest method.
 Use in hydrogen vehicles.
 Pressure in H (g) tanks : 700 bar (70 MPa = 700x105 Pa )
 Temperature of H (g) : -196.15 °C (77 K)
 Advantages
 Possible at ambient temperature.
 In-Out flow is simple.
 Disadvantages
 Energy needed to compression.
 Density of storage is low.
 About 20% of energy lost.

10. METHOD 2
2) Liquefaction storage,
 Temperature of H (l) : -196.15 °C (77 K)
 Advantages
 The density of storage is very high.
 The energy density is also high.
 Disadvantage
 stored energy is required.
 About 40% of energy lost.
 Necessary to maintain low temperature.
 Weight and tank cost is very high.
 Hard to use in vehicles (safety issues).

11. HYDROGEN AS A FUEL
 It measures in kilograms (kg).
 The energy density per unit mass is approximately 2.6 times higher than
gasoline.
 In terms of energy contained, 9.5 kg of hydrogen
is equivalent to 25kg of gasoline.
 But volume per unit mass is higher than Gasoline.
 The product of burn is water vapor.
(no CO2 emission )
 Eco friendly.

12. HYDROGEN FUELING STATION
 A hydrogen station is a storage or filling station for hydrogen.
 Usually located along Road or Hydrogen Highway.
 Main systems currently available,
 Hydrogen filling stations
 Hydrogen home stations
More Info 1
More info 2

13. THE COST OF HYDROGEN PRODUCTION
 It depends on many factors.
 The method of production.
 Mass production.
 Taxes.
 ect.
 Example prices around the world - per 1kg (2008-2015)
 Washington – 8.18$
 Norway – 6.28$
 Europe(overall) – 12.26$

14. ESTIMATED COST OF HYDROGEN PER 1KG
Wind nuclear Solar
$8-10 $7.5-9.5 $6.5-8.5
@ fueling station off-site and delivered by truck
$4-5 $6-8
Nuclear Solar
$6.5-8.5 $7.5-9.5
produced via electrolysis;
produced via steam reforming;
produced via thermo chemical cycles;
Each include $1.25 taxes.

15. FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY
More Info 1

16. HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLES
It is a type of vehicle which uses a hydrogen fuel cell to power its on-board electric motor.
Fuel cells in vehicles create electricity to power an electric motor, generally using oxygen from
the air and hydrogen.
More Info 1
More info2

17. TOYOTA ‘MIRAYI’ FUEL CELL SEDAN
 Uses the Toyota Fuel Cell System (TFCS)
 Includes fuel cell technology and hybrid technology.
 Toyota-developed components,
 Toyota FC Stack
 FC Boost Converter
 High-pressure Hydrogen Tanks
 Immediately recognizable design.
 Superior handling stability and outstanding quietness.
 Large external power supply system.
 Hydrogen refueling time : approximately 3 minutes.
 Safe and secure vehicle design with comprehensive range of safety features
 Retail Price: 7,236,000 yen ≈ LKR 80,09,000.00

18. KEY TOYOTA FUEL CELL SYSTEM(TFCS) SPECIFICATIONS
FC stack
Name Toyota FC Stack
Type Polymer electrolyte fuel cell
Volume power density 3.1 kW/L (world-leading*)
Maximum output 114 kW (155 PS)
Humidification system Internal circulation (humidifier-less)
High-pressure hydrogen tank
Number of tanks 2
Nominal working pressure 70 MPa (approx. 700 bar)
Tank storage density 5.7 wt% (world-leading*)
Tank internal volume
122.4 liters (front tank: 60.0 liters;
rear tank: 62.4 liters)
Made by High quality carbon fiber
Motor
Type AC synchronous electric generator
Maximum output 113 kW (154 PS)
Maximum torque 335 N-m (34.2 kgf-m)
Battery Type Nickel-metal hydride

19. DIAGRAM - INSIDE OF THE CAR

20. Modified High-pressure Hydrogen Tanks

21. LARGE EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM

22. FUEL COST COMPARISON
 According to quoting estimates from the U.S. Department of Energy;
 Mirai can travel 300 miles on a single tank of hydrogen.
 Full tank of Compressed Hydrogen will cost around $50.
 This will fall to $30 in time.
 Let’s calculate..
 Unit conversation ;
 300 Miles = 482.803 Km
 $50 = LKR 6557.00
 $30 = LKR 3934.20

23. FUEL COST COMPARISON
$50 = LKR 6557.00 $30 = LKR 3934.20

24. FROM AKIO TOYODA’S ANNOUNCEMENT
 The name we’ve have given to our new car is ‘Mirai’, which in Japanese means
'future'.
 Toyota believe in a future that will be safer, greener and easier for everyone.
 It was a bold, but inspiring goal. And, today it is a reality.
The future has arrived. And it's called..

25. Thank You