5. Definition
Lozenges are the solid dosage forms containing a
drug along with flavouring and sweeting agents.
These are solid preparations that are intended to
dissolve or disintegrate slowly in the mouth.
They are most often used for localized effects in oral
cavity. Also for systemic effects if it is well absorbed
in the buccal lining and phayrnx.
6. INTRODUCTION:
These are solid and flavoured medicated dosage form,
intended to be sucked and held in mouth or phyrnx.
These are OTC and prescription products.
They provide drug delivery locally to mouth, tongue and
throat etc.
It maximizes the local activity of drug.
They contain varieties of API like local anesthetic,
decongestants, analgesics, vitamins and cough
suppresents.
7. SHAPES OF LOZENGES:
These are available in following shapes:
Flat
Circular
Octagonal
Biconvex
Cylindrical
9. MEDICATEDLOZENGES:
Medicated lozenges are classified as:
Hard candy lozenges
centre filled hard candy lozenges
liquid filled
fruit centres
paste centres
fat centres
Chewable or caramel base medicated lozenges
caramel
toffees
10. Compressedlozenges
These lozenges are compressed in weight range of 1.5 –
4g.
large in diameter
Having desired area of activity on mucus membrane and
mouth.
16. Advantages:
slow dissolution rate
Rapid absorption
Pleasant taste
Easy to administer to pediatric and for geriatric patients.
Keep the drug in contact to the oral cavity for longer
duration of time
17. DISADVANTAGES:
No drinking or eating before or during use.
Should not be swallowed
give relief for shorter period of time and a person needs a proper treatment
for long term relief.
Children may precieve it as candy and not a serious dosage form due to its
gummy nature and sweet taste.
18. USES:
Nicotine lozenges are use for cessation of smoking habit.
For treating fungal infections
example: NYSTATIN LOZENGES
To relief sore throat
Available as OTC preparations.
21. Storage&Packaging:
The properly sized lozenges are stored at a temperature of
15 – 20 C.
At controlled humidity of 25 – 35 %.
Blister packs are commonly used as unit dose packaging.
23. PILLS:
These are small, oval or spherical solid dosage form containing
drugs to be administered orally.
The weight is usually from 200 – 300 mg
Very small pills having weight 20 – 60 mg are sometimes reffered as
granules or parvules.
A very large pill usually for veterniary use are known as bolus
Pills have been compeletly replaced by capsules and tablets.
24. COMPOSITION OF PILLS:
Active ingredient
Diluents & excipients
Example: starch, tragacanth
Conspergents
Example: dusting powders are used
to prevent the pill mass from sticking
to the hands, machines or other materials.
25. MANUFACTURING:
Using following methods:
By hand method
Procedure:
Massing the ingredients together with binding consistency.
Dividing the mass into single dose units.
Shaping and finishing.
Drying
May or may not be coated
By machines
26. Easy for administration due to spherical shape and small in size.
Very small doses can be compounded and dispensed
Example: compound phenolphthalein pills as purgatives.
Pills containing resinous drugs dissolve slowly where slow and continuous
action is desired such as with cathartics.
Advantages:
27. Dispensing:
Should be dispensed in pill or powder
boxes.
Cotton may be placed in the bottom of
container and on the top of pills to
prevent rattling and breaking.
