cosmetic and cosmeceutical
Classification of cosmetic and cosmeceutical products
Definition of cosmetics as per Indian and EU regulations, Evolution of cosmeceuticals from cosmetics, cosmetics as quasi and OTC drugs
Cosmetic excipients: Surfactants, rheology modifiers, humectants, emollients, preservatives. Classification and application
Skin: Basic structure and function of skin.
Hair: Basic structure of hair. Hair growth cycle.
Oral Cavity: Common problem associated with teeth and gums
Deodorants and antiperspirants Cosmetic SciencePranjal Saxena
This presentation contains about description of Deodorants and antiperspirants with their Action, Evaluation, Difference between Deodorants and antiperspirants.
cosmetic and cosmeceutical
Classification of cosmetic and cosmeceutical products
Definition of cosmetics as per Indian and EU regulations, Evolution of cosmeceuticals from cosmetics, cosmetics as quasi and OTC drugs
Cosmetic excipients: Surfactants, rheology modifiers, humectants, emollients, preservatives. Classification and application
Skin: Basic structure and function of skin.
Hair: Basic structure of hair. Hair growth cycle.
Oral Cavity: Common problem associated with teeth and gums
Deodorants and antiperspirants Cosmetic SciencePranjal Saxena
This presentation contains about description of Deodorants and antiperspirants with their Action, Evaluation, Difference between Deodorants and antiperspirants.
Sun Protection (Classification of Sunscreen and SPF)Rahul Kushwaha
Introduction
Skin Damage
Sun Radiation Summary
Sunscreen Defination
Classification Of Sunscreen
Sunscreen Agents
Sun Protection Factor
Sun Protection Factor Classification
When to re-apply the sunscreen
Analytical cosmetics:BIS specification and analytical methods for shampoo, sk...Steffi Thomas
Analytical cosmetics:BIS specification and analytical methods for shampoo, skin-cream and toothpaste, Indian standards, Schedule S and Schedule Q, Drugs and cosmetic act, standards for heavy metals in cosmetics, standards for coloring agents in cosmetics, annexures, list of approved colours and dyes as per schedule Q Part 1, list of colours permitted to be used in soaps, types of toothpaste, general requirements for ECO mark and BIS mark, BIS certification marking
Sun Protection (Classification of Sunscreen and SPF)Rahul Kushwaha
Introduction
Skin Damage
Sun Radiation Summary
Sunscreen Defination
Classification Of Sunscreen
Sunscreen Agents
Sun Protection Factor
Sun Protection Factor Classification
When to re-apply the sunscreen
Analytical cosmetics:BIS specification and analytical methods for shampoo, sk...Steffi Thomas
Analytical cosmetics:BIS specification and analytical methods for shampoo, skin-cream and toothpaste, Indian standards, Schedule S and Schedule Q, Drugs and cosmetic act, standards for heavy metals in cosmetics, standards for coloring agents in cosmetics, annexures, list of approved colours and dyes as per schedule Q Part 1, list of colours permitted to be used in soaps, types of toothpaste, general requirements for ECO mark and BIS mark, BIS certification marking
Hydrocolloids /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Introduction and classification, anatomy of skin and factors affecting absorption, Formulation ,preparation, packaging, labeling and storage of ointments, Formulation, preparation, packaging, labeling and storage of jellies, creams, pastes.
Impression materials/dental implant courses by Indian dental academyIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve Thomason
humectant.pptx
1.
2. Introduction
Definition – Humectant is a hygroscopic substance used to keep
things moist. They are used in many products , including food
cosmetic and medicines . A humectant attracts and retains moisture
in the air nearby via absorption,drawing the water vapour into or
beneath the object’s surface. In pharmaceuticals and cosmetics ,
humectants can be used in topical dosage form to increase the
solubility of a chemical compounds , active ingredients, increasing
the active ingredients ability to penetrate skin or its activity time.
3. Humectants are added to cosmetic creams partiularly of the oil-in-
water type, with a view to reducing the drying out of such creams on
exposure to the air. In addition , the hygroscopic properties of the
film of humectant which remains on the skin may be an important
factor in influencing the feel and condition of the skin after
application.
A humectant also provides control in use, by helping to reduce the
rate at which water disappers and fluidity decreases.
4. Drying out :
Drying out may occur either between the time of packing
and the time of use , or else during the usage period. During the first of
these periods the most important means of preventing drying out is an
efficient closure, and the humectant present plays a subsidiary role since
there is only the small space above the product to be sturated with water
vapour. In the case of emulsion products, the type of emulsion will have
a big effect in respect of water loss.
Water-in-oil emulsion such as all purpose creams were
successfully marketed for many years in slip lid tins, with the surface of
the cream covered by a disk of metal foil , since they dry out at much
lower rates than oil-in-water creams which, even if of similar
composition , require at least a screw cap with a compressible wad. In
tropical climates, even thus will often not avoid drying with shrinkage,
cavitation or crust formation.
In case of full exposure to the atmosphere during use . Ex. By
incomplete closure, the quantities of humectant that can be
incorporated seem. Theoretically to be insufficient to prevent drying out.
They appear much more likely to affect in retaining moisture in the
residual film on the skin.
5. The case of toothpaste is somewhat different. As a system it
contains from 30-60% solid and he problems of drying out during
storage is mnimal if the tube is properly closed, but drying out
during use by failing to replace the tube cap is much more likely and
leads to serious difficulties in extrusion and use.
In pressurized packs there is the
additional problem of the exposed paste blocking the delivery orifice
even with normal use.
6. Properties required :
1. Hygroscopicity : The product must attract and retain an
appreciable amount of water under nomal conditions of
atmospheric humidity.
2. Viscosity : A low viscosity humectant has advantages in easy mixing
but conversely a high viscosity will tend to hinder unmixing , or
separation of emulsion phases.
3. Viscosity index : Change in viscosity with temperature should be
small.
4. Compatibility : Good compatibility, solubility, or solvent power for a
wide range of materials , are advantages.
5. Colour, Odour, Taste : The material should have a good colour ,
odour, and taste.
6. Toxicity : The material should be non-toxic and non-irritant.
7. Corrosion : The material should be non-corrosive.
8. Stability : The material must be non-volatile and should not solidify
nor deposite crystals at low temperatures.
9. Reaction : The material should preferably be neutral in reaction.
10. Availability : The material should be freely available and as
inexpensive as possible.
7. TYPE OF HUMECTANTS :
In general , humectants are divided into three
classes:
1. Inorganic humectant
2. Metal-organic humectant
3. Organic humectant
8. 1. Inorganic humectant :
Considering inorganic humectants,
exemplified by calcium chloride, viscosity characteristics are
favorable. They are non-volatile but not always non-crystalizable.
They are frequently low in cost, but fail badly on the points of
corrosion and compatibility. They find only limited use.
Ex. Calcium chloride.
2. Metal organic humectant :
The principal metal organic humectant is
sodium lactate. This material has greater hygroscopic power than
glycerine but it is incompatible with a few materials , can be
corrosive has a pronounced taste and may discolor . It has not
found a wide application in cosmetics but, has been recommended
for use in skin creams to prevent crust formation, particularly
becomes lactates are naturally in the body and sodium lactate
carries no risk of toxicity or dermatities.
The problem of pH can be overcome by
admixture with lactic acid which is also fairly hygroscopic.
9. 3. Organic humectants :
Organic humectants , which are the most
widely used type , are usually polyhydric alcohols, sometimes their
esters and ethers. Ethylene glycol is the simplest polyhydric alcohols
and we may progress from it in several ways.
Considering the main family of polyhydric
alcohols the progression is via glycerol, sorbitol . Another
pregression is along the sries of alkanes with two terminal hydroxy
group.
HYGROSCOPICITY :
Hygroscopicity is the tendency of a solid substance to
absorb moisture from the surrounding atmosphere. The process can
take on a number of forms. Thus, with a porous solid such as activated
carbon, water vapor will be physically adsorbed, both on the external
surface and within the pores, to form a condensed layer. The process
may initially take place at "active sites" from which spreading then
occurs. With other solids, such as silica gel, the interaction at the surface
may not be entirely of a physical nature and some loose chemical bonds
may be established. Many cellulosic materials, including hair, cotton and
wool, are hygroscopic and change their physical dimensions as a result
of the take-up of water. Such materials may be used as the active
elements in hygrometers (see Humidity Measurement).
10. The method most frequently used to determine hygroscopic
qualities is to construst a curve of relative humidity of atmosphere
against humectant concentration in equilibrium.
This is done by exposing small weighed amount of
solutions of known composition in atmosphere of controlled
humidity and weighing periodically. The controlled humidity can be
achieved in small desiccators charged with crystals wetted with their
own saturated solutions.
STABILITY :
Polyols, glycerine, sorbitol and propylene glycol were not
interchangable in that in a W/O cream the sample containing
propylene glycol had the greater stability whilst that containing
glycerene showed the most oil separation. Conversely in an o/w
emulsion , the sample containing glycerine remained fluid whilst
those contaning propylene glycol and sorbitol would not after
storage. On the basis of such observation it would appear that
glycerine promoted the formation of an o/w emulsion and whilst
propylene glycol favoured a w/o emulsion , their use in wrong types
leading to instability. Sorbitol was apparently midway , in such
properties, between these other two humectants.
11. Safety :
The three humectants widely employed in the cosmetic and
toilet industry at present time and which have been discussed in this
chapter –namely glycerine, sorbitol, propylene glycol are non-toxic
and dermatologically innocuous.
Ethylene glycol is not considered safe , since it is oxidised
in the body to oxalic acid and any absorption through the skin might
lead to renal calculus; for the same reason diethylene glycol is
considered toxic. The mono-ethyl ether diethylene glycol has been
widely used in cosmetic and toilet preparation.
Skin moisturizing :
It is not possible to define satisfactorily the role of
humectants in skin care. It would appear that the presence of a
humectant may be expected to stabilze the water content of the
residual film from a cream on the skin and prevent excessive drying
out. However , the manner in which adjustment is made with
changes in the ambient humidity, and whether the skin is dried or
moistened , will depend on the relative transfer rate of water
between the atmoshere and the film ,and the film and the skin. The
use of humectant in skin products both for the probable benefit to
the product while it remains in its container , and the possible
benefit to the skin during use appears to be justified.