Malaria is an infectious disease caused by parasites that are transmitted through the bites of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. The parasites (called Plasmodium) infect red blood cells and cause symptoms that include fever, chills, and flu-like illness. Malaria was first recognized by ancient Greeks and Romans. In 1898, Ronald Ross discovered that malaria is transmitted by mosquitoes and received the Nobel Prize for this work in 1902. Malaria is treated with oral or intravenous antimalarial drugs depending on the severity of infection. Prevention involves mosquito repellent, closing doors and windows, and eliminating standing water.

1. Malaria
Submitted by Meerab Tanveer ( pharm D student )

2. Definition
An intermittent and remittent fever caused by protozoan parasite
which invades the RBC’s and is transmitted by mosquitoes in
many tropical and subtropical regions.

3. It is a potentially life threating parasite disease caused by parasites
known as P.vivax , P.falciparm,P.malariae , P.ovale.It develops after 10
to 14 days of mosquito bite.
What is Malaria?

4. It was first recognized by Romans and Greeks. Hippocrates , Abraham
lincoln and Ulysses S. also died due to it. In 1800 malaria
was so bad in Washington.
History

5. In 1898 Sir Ronald Ross identified that
malaria is caused by mosquito.
History

6. In 1902 he was awarded by a
Nobel prize .

7. Malaria risk in Pakistan

9. CAUSED
It is caused by female mosquito Anophele Mosquito
bite and person is infected by the parasite
plasmodium.

10. Vectors of malaria
• Feeding habit: It is Zoophilic specie and feed on men.
• Resting habit: Rest during daytime in human dwellings and
castlesheds.
• Breeding places: extensive breeding encountered in moonson
rains. It usually breeds in rain water pools and puddles , irrigation
channels, rice fields etc.
• Bitting time : Bitting time of each vector specie is determined by
its generic character . But it usually attacks at dawn and dusk.

12. Structure of plasmodium,

13. There are following types of malaria
a) Uncomplicated malaria
b) Severe malaria
Types of Malaria

14. Uncomplicated malaria
• it can not identified clinically
and laboratory
• If remain untreated can cause
severe malaria
• It can be misdiagnosed in the
areas where it is less common
• In it parasite can cause longer
cycles or mixed symptoms
Severe malaria
• It can be identefied clinically
and laboratory
• It remain untreated can be fatal
• It symptoms help in diagnosis

15. General
symptoms

16. Symptoms of
uncomplicated malaria
• Sensation of cold
• Shivering
• Fever
• Headaches
• Vomitting
• Sweat followed by a return
to normal temperature

17. Symptoms of severe malaria
• Fever or chills
• Multiple convulsions
• Deep breathing
• Respiratory distress
• Abnormal bleeding
• Clinical jaundice

18. Rapid diagonistic test
Test for malaria

19. Quaker chill-cake
• It was quick, absolute treatment of malaria and chills.
• It were a cake for refreshment.
• Contain no quinine,arsenis or harmfull drugs. Not
disagreeable and perfectely safe.
• It was positive radical and permanent cure when all other
remedies failed.
• It is immediate treatment and cost one Dollar. (1552)

20. How we can prevent malarial disease?

21. 1) Apply mosquito repellent 2) Close windows and doors

22. 3) Do not store water in open
containers 4) Clean your place

23. Its treatment depends on the severity of the disease
It is treated with oral as well as with IV drugs dependig on patient
condition
Artemisinine are given along with other anti-malarial drugs to avoid the
Artemisinine –based therapies
Tratment of Malaria

24. 1) Cinchona alkaloid : Quinine , Quinidine
2) 4aminoquinoline : Chloroquine , Hydroxychloroquine
3) 8aminoquinoline : Primaquine , Bulaquine
4) Quinoline menthol : Mefloquine , Halofantrine
5) Antibiotics : Tetracycline , Doxycycline
Anti-malarial drugs