THE CONCEPT OF TRANSLATION AND ITS COMPLEXITY TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES Presented by Roger stivens Diaz I , Sonia Marlen Castellanos, Julia Stella Aya

1. TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES
STUDENTS
ROGER STIVENS DIAZ IBAGUE CODE: 1031168138
SONIA MARLEN CASTELLANOS M CODE: 52300570
JULIA STELLA AYA CARDENAS CODE:35262829
GROUP: 551037_2
TUTOR: DINA ESPERANA BONILLA
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA - UNAD BACHELOR’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN
LANGUAGE

2. Introducción
■ The members of the collaborative work group made their respective translations and
made known the strategy used in their translations. Before to develop the translation,
each one identified and analyzed theoretical information related to translation
techniques, we shared our translations and did inputs about our works in a special forum
created to this end.

3. STEP 1. TRANSLATION
Step 1
The craft of perfumery has an ancient and global
heritage. The art flourished in Ancient Rome,
where the emperors were said to bathe in scent.
After the fall of Rome, much of the knowledge
was lost, but survived in Islamic civilizations in
the Middle Ages. Arab and Persian pharmacists
developed essential oils from the aromatic plants
of the Indian peninsula. They developed the
processes of distillation and suspensión in
alcohol, which allowed for smaller amounts of
raw materials to be used than in the ancient
process, by which flower petals were soaked in
warm oil. This knowledge was carried back to
European monasteries during the Crusades.
Paso 1
La artesanía de la perfumería tiene un patrimonio antiguo
y global. El arte floreció en la Antigua Roma, donde se
decía que los emperadores se bañaban en aroma. Después
de la caída de Roma, gran parte del conocimiento era
perdido, pero sobrevivió en las civilizaciones islámicas en
la Edad Media. Farmacéuticos árabes y persas
desarrollados aceites esenciales de las plantas aromáticas
de la península india. Desarrollaron el proceso de
destilación y suspensión en alcohol, lo que permitió
cantidades más pequeñas de materia prima materiales que
se utilizarán en el proceso antiguo, por el cual los pétalos
de flores se remojaron en aceite caliente. Este
conocimiento fue llevado de vuelta a los monasterios
europeos durante las Cruzadas.
El Perfume
By Roger Stivens Díaz

4. STEP 2. REFLECTION
 At the beginning of reading, I recognized many words, but there were some that I could
not translate using the literal translation method and in some cases the translation of loan
and adaptation and therefore there were words that confused the text, I did not use more
tools to translate because my paragraph was not long, on the contrary it was short,
thanks to the tools with dedication and discipline achieve it.
 I used the literal translation because it seemed to me a simpler and easier tool and I
could also translate good sentences, therefore I also use the tool, loan because there
were words that I did not understand and also use the adaptation tool with which I
specified about the language of culture. with the help of translation tools. it is easier for
us to understand the tecniques of traduction and understand the texts.

5. STEP 3. CHART
STRATEGY TECHNIQUE METHOD
 translate without
interruption as long as
possible
 correcting surface errors
Immediately
 leave the supervision of
qualitative or stylistic
errors in the text to the
revision stage.
 we already have the
knowledge that there
are several tools that
help us to be able to
translate each specific
tool, its methods and
therefore the help.
Graedler (2000: 3) says
 Inventing a new Word
 Explain the meaning of
the SL expression
instead of translating it.
 Preserve the term SL
intact.
 Opt for a word in the
TL that looks similar or
has the same
"relevance" as the term
SL.
Newmark (1988b) says
 Communicative
translation
 Literal translation
 Semantic translation
 Word-for-Word
translation
 Free translation
Graedler (2000: 3)
 Functional Equivalence
 Descriptive or self-
explanatory translation

6. Feedback

7. STEP 1. TRANSLATION
■ PARAGRAPH 4
Perfume became less associated with health in 1810 with a
Napoleonic ordinance which required perfumers to declare the
ingredients of all products for internal consumption. Unwilling to
divulge their secrets, traders concentrated on products for external
use. Napoleon affected the industry in other ways too. With French
ports blockaded by the British during the Napoleonic wars, the
London perfumers were able to dominate the markets for some
time.
One of the significant changes in the nineteenth century was the
idea of branding. Until then, trademarks had had little significance
in the perfumery where goods were consumed locally, although
they had a long history in other industries. One of the pioneers in
this field was Rimmel who was nationalized as a British citizen in
1857. He took advantage of the spread of railroads to reach
customers in wider markets. To do this, he built a brand which
conveyed prestige and quality, and were worth paying a premium
for. He recognised the role of design in enhancing the value of his
products, hiring a French lithographer to create the labels for his
perfume bottles.
■ PÁRRAFO 4
En 1810 el perfume fue menos asociado con la salud, con una ordenanza
napoleónica que exigía a los perfumistas declarar los ingredientes de todos
los productos para el consumo interno; No dispuestos a divulgar sus
secretos, los comerciantes se concentraron en productos para uso externo.
Napoleón afectó la industria de una u otra manera. Con los puertos
franceses bloqueados por los británicos durante las guerras napoleónicas,
los perfumistas de Londres dominaron los mercados durante algún tiempo.
Uno de los cambios significativos en el siglo XIX fue la idea de marcar los
productos. Hasta entonces, las marcas habían tenido poca importancia en la
perfumería donde los bienes se consumían localmente, aunque tenían una
larga historia en otras industrias. Uno de los pioneros en este campo fue
Rimmel, quien fue nacionalizado como ciudadano británico en 1857.
Aprovechó la expansión de los ferrocarriles para llegar a clientes en
mercados más amplios. Para hacer esto, construyó una marca que transmitía
prestigio y calidad, y valía la pena pagar un elevado precio por ella.
Reconoció el papel del diseño en la mejora del valor de sus productos y
contrató a un litógrafo francés para crear las etiquetas de sus botellas de
perfume.
El Perfume
By Sonia M Castellanos Moscoso

8. STEP 2. REFLECTION
First I made a reading of the paragraph to have the central idea of the message, then I
did the translation using the technique Literal translation, or word-for-word
translation it works, but in some parts of text it lost the sense, since some words of
the text used idioms, I had to search more because the sentence couldn't be translated
literally. For example one of the words were "premium", “in other ways too” and a
"long history" these words have multiple meanings.
So I did not just use the literal translation technique, I had to use the Oblique
Translation Techniques with some terms compensation.

9. STEP 3. CHART
STRATEGY TECHNIQUE METHOD
Concepts
A plan of action designed to
achieve the goal or result
Technique is a procedure or steps
for completing a specific task
Method is a way for doing
something with a definite plan,
described step by step.
Examples
In language teaching, we could
use as a strategy, a graphic
organizer to reach a better
understanding of the topic by
part of students
When the teacher wants to help
students learn the meaning of
new vocabulary words, the
teacher uses a teaching technique
known as Definition Clues. This
enables students who do not
know the definition of the word
to locate the correct word and
further learn the correct word
definition.
In language teaching, we could
use as a method the
Audiolingual, where the
students can improve the
listening and speaking skills

10. Feedback

11. PARAGRAPH 2
At first, the use of fragrances was primarily associated with healing.
Aromatic alcoholic waters were ingested as well as used externally.
Fragrances were used to purify the air, both for spiritual and health purposes.
During the Black Death, the bubonic plague was thought to have resulted
from a bad odour which could be averted by inhaling pleasant fragrances
such as cinnamon. The Black Death led to an aversion to using water for
washing, and so perfume was commonly used as a cleaning agent.
Later on, the craft of perfume re-entered Europe, and was centred in
Venice, chiefly because it was an important trade route and a centre for glass-
making. Having such materials at hand was essential for the distillation
process. In the late seventeenth century, trade soared in France, when Louis
XIV brought in policies of protectionism and patronage which stimulated the
purchase of luxury goods. Here, perfumery was the preserve of glove-makers.
The link arose since the tanning of leather required putrid substances.
Consequently, the gloves were scented before they were sold and worn. A
glove and perfume makers’ guild had existed here since 1190. Entering it
required 7 years of formal training under a master perfumer.
STEP 1. TRANSLATION
PARRAFO 2
Al principio, el uso de fragancias fue asociado principalmente con la curación.
Aguas aromáticas alcohólicas fueron ingeridas además usadas externamente.
Fragancias fueron usadas para purificar el aire, ambos para propósitos espirituales y de
salud. Durante la Peste Negra, se pensó que la peste bubónica era el resultado de un
mal olor el cual podía ser evitado inhalando agradables fragancias como la canela. La
Peste Negra condujo una aversión al uso de agua para lavar, por lo que el perfume fue
usado comúnmente como agente de limpieza.
Más tarde, el trabajo del perfume volvió a participar en Europa y se centró en
Venecia, principalmente porque era una importante ruta comercial y un centro para la
fabricación de vidrio. Teniendo tales materiales a mano fue esencial para el proceso de
destilación. A finales del siglo XVII, el comercio se elevó en Francia, cuando Luis
XIV introdujo políticas de proteccionismo y apoyo lo que estimulo la compra de
artículos de lujo. Aquí, la perfumería era preservada de los fabricantes de guantes.
El vínculo surgió desde que el curtir del cuero requería sustancias pútridas. En
consecuencia, los guantes fueron perfumados antes de ser vendidos y usados. Un
guante y un gremio de fabricantes de perfumes habían existido allí desde 1190. Entrar
en él requería 7 años de entrenamiento formal bajo la dirección de un maestro
perfumista.
By JULIA STELLA AYA CARDENAS

12. The text that I chose, it was the second, the majority problems that I had during the translation, it was that I didn’t know some
words or I didn’t remember some of them, however it wasn’t difficult because the context was easy and I didn’t notice a lot of
expression. I found expression like glove-makers, glass-making, re-entered.
The first activity that I make, it was a scan, then I read so slowly and finally, I started to translate
The technique that I uses, it was a mix of direct translation, literal translation, transposition and reformulation or equivalence.
I used direct translation exactly literal translation because inside the paragraph were sentence that I can to translate literally
and I used transposition because in English there are some sentences where the structure organization change the order so, as
consequently it is important to try to understand the general context to organizes the ideas.
I used reformulation or equivalence because I tried to adapter some idiomatic expression that in Spanish can be sound wrong but
in English are correct.
Another aspect that I had present it was the punctuation sing. Because I can identify when the sentences star and ended.
STEP 2. REFLECTION

13. Method Strategy Technique
The method is a group of strategy and
technique that we can uses when we want
to do something, in this cases when we
want to translate we must have a method
for to do the activity.
The method it is depend of type of text. So
we have a informatics text, in this case we
need to translate the way that the reader
can understand easily the information in
this case we can uses a communicative
translation according to by Newmark.
-------
For example:
Caught Between Police and Gangsters in
Brazil’s Favelas. New York time Saturday,
July 14, 2018
Atrapado entre policías y pandilleros en las
Favelas de Brasil
In this cases the literal word can be en
medio de however in the communicative
translation is better the way entre because
is most fluid and sound according to the
information.
When we need to translate, we can use
differents strategies and techniques for
translate, depend of de type o text that we
have.
The strategy is a kind of group of steps that
you can make a translations, using different
methods or technique.
------
For example
We can use the strategy : When you have a
text, it is important that you can understand
the text before to translate so, your first
activity can be scanning the text then
skimming , search reading, etc. and finally
you can star to translate using
Another example
For example in the strategy we can uses the
technique on the borrowing whit some
words such a bit software, hardware, rock
The Technique is a kind of the tool that we
use in the moment that we need to translate.
We can use calque, borrowing or literal
translation, transposition adaptation etc.
-------
For example
At first, the use of fragrances was primarily
associated with healing
In the before paragraph it is possible to use
a literal translation, because the order of
sentence are normal position.
Transpositions
Perfume was commonly used as a cleaning
agent
In English is common use the first
positions of verb and the noun in the final
part. While in Spanish the verb is it the
final part of the sentence and the noun and
the end.
When we translate literal word by words
and sentences.
STEP 3. CHART

14. PARAGRAPH 3
The trade in perfume flourished during the reign of Louis XV, as the
master glove-and-perfume makers, particularly those trading in Paris,
received patronage from the royal court, where it is said that a
different perfume was used each week. The perfumers diversified into
other cosmetics including soaps, powders, white face paints and hair
dyes. They were not the sole sellers of beauty products. Mercers,
spicers, vinegar-makers and wig-makers were all cashing in on the
popularity of perfumed products. Even simple shopkeepers were
coming up with their own concoctions to sell. During the eighteenth
century, more modern, capitalist perfume industry began to emerge,
particularly in Britain where there was a flourishing consumer society.
In France, the revolution initially disrupted the perfume trade due to
its association with aristocracy, however, it regained momentum later
as a wider range of markets were sought both in the domestic and
overseas markets. The guild system was abolished in 1791, allowing
new high-end perfumery shops to open in Paris
TRANSLATION PARAGRAPH 3
PARRAFO 3
El comercio en perfumería floreció durante el reino de Louis XV, como el
maestro de hacer guantes y perfumes, particularmente aquel comercio en Paris,
recibió patrocinio de la corte royal, donde se dice que un perfume diferente fue
usado cada semana. Los perfumes diversificaron dentro de otros cosméticos
incluidos jabones, polvos, pinturas de cara blanca y tinturas para el cabello.
Ellos no fueron los únicos vendedores de productos de belleza. Mercers,
Spicers, vinegar-markers y wig-makers todos estuvieron financiados en la
popularidad de los productos perfumados. Aun simples tenderos fueron
aumentando con su propia mezcla para vender. Durante el siglo 18, más
modernidad, la industria de la perfumería capitalista comenzó a surgir,
particularmente en Gran Bretaña donde hubo una floreciente sociedad de
consumo. En Francia, la revolución inicialmente interrumpió el comercio del
perfume debido a su asociación con aristocracia, sin embargo, esto recupero
más tarde como un amplio rango de mercado donde fueron vendidos en
mercados nacionales y extranjeros. El sistema gremial fue terminado en 1791,
permitiendo nuevas tiendas de perfumería para abrirse en Paris.
BY MARY LILIANA ROJAS

15. It was difficult to me translate words that i've never seen, another thing that was
difficult, was the lack of knowledge with names of companies, because it wasn't
clear if it was a Word or the name of a company. I used a bilingual dictionary to
know the meaning of some words but first i looked them and looked the meaning
before Reading the text.
STEP 2. REFLECTION

16. Strategy Method Technique
it is focus in the procedure
to solve any
inconvenience in the
translation of the text.
It keep the process to
achieve the objective
it is a plan that it's
developed or invented for
someone to achieve a
goal.
We use an strategy when
we follow a technique to
translate a paragraph
We use a method when
we can´t translate a
sentence, and we have to
apply different options.
When we look the
meaning of a words that
we don´t know, before
Reading a text.
STEP 3. CHART

17. Feedback

18.  Bosco, G. (n.d.). Translation Techniques. Retrieved March 22, 2017,
fromhttp://www.interproinc.com/es/blog/translation-techniques
 Ordudari, M. (july 2007). Translation procedures, strategies, and methods. Translation
Journal, 11(3). Retrieved March 22, 2017,
fromhttp://www.bokorlang.com/journal/41culture.htm
 Preciado, P. D., & Silva, M. (2007). English Translation Techniques [Ebook]. Retrieved
March 22, 2017, from
https://books.google.com.co/books?id=5MG8xLyZOYkC&lpg=PP1&dq=petra%20translat
ions%20techniques&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=petra%20translations%20techniques&f=false
Umbral Digital

References