This document presents a translation task from English to English. The original paragraph describes the ancient history and global heritage of perfumery. It discusses how the art flourished in Ancient Rome and was later developed by Arab and Persian pharmacists in the Middle Ages. The translation applies various techniques like modulation to convey the same meaning while replacing some structures and grammar. In a reflection, the translator notes challenges in translating between the same language but found they could apply different techniques to the same text. A chart then outlines methods, strategies, and techniques used in translation.
The document contains a translation task from English to Spanish. It includes the translation of two paragraphs about the history of perfume.
The first paragraph discusses how perfume was originally associated with healing through aromatic waters. It then describes how perfume became used as a cleaning agent during the Black Death.
The second paragraph provides more details on the origins and development of the perfume industry in Europe. It explains how perfume making was centered in Venice due to its trade and glass making. The paragraph also discusses the growth of the perfume industry in France under King Louis XIV.
The document contains 4 tasks completed by 3 students regarding translation techniques.
Task 1 involves translating 2 paragraphs about the history of perfume use from English to Spanish. Task 2 is a reflection on the translation process.
Task 3 contains a chart explaining the differences between translation methods, strategies, and techniques. Methods relate to overall text approaches, strategies are plans to solve problems, and techniques affect specific results.
Task 4 provides feedback on the translations and reflections from another student, noting good explanations but recommending specifying techniques used.
The document contains translations of paragraphs from a text about the history of perfumes. It also includes reflections on the translation process and a chart explaining the differences between translation methods, strategies, and techniques.
For the first paragraph translation, the student translated the text into Spanish while maintaining the overall meaning and key details. In their reflection, they discussed challenges with unknown words and applying techniques like modulation.
The second student's translation maintained coherence while simplifying some phrases. Their reflection noted difficulties understanding some terms due to lack of context.
The chart provided examples to clearly define methods as overall approaches, strategies as processes to improve skills, and techniques as specific translation tools that can affect meaning. Feedback praised the work and suggested specifying
The document discusses the history of perfume use, noting that initially perfume was associated with health and used to purify air during plagues, and later became a luxury good in France under Louis XIV where perfumers were primarily glove makers due to the materials used in tanning leather. One of the significant changes in the 19th century was the rise of branding, pioneered by Rimmel who took advantage of railroads to build his brand and transmit prestige through labels on perfume bottles.
The document discusses translation techniques used to translate two paragraphs about the history of perfume making from English to Spanish. For the first paragraph, the translator found some unfamiliar words and expressions that required looking up definitions and examples to understand the context. Translating sentences literally first and then rearranging for grammatical order helped convey the intended meaning. The second paragraph contained some historical terms that were researched for definitions. The document also includes a chart comparing translation methods, strategies, and techniques with definitions and examples.
This document contains a group assignment on translation techniques from Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia. It includes four paragraphs translated from Spanish to English by different group members. Each member then comments on the translation technique they used for their paragraph. Cesar focused on communicative and literal translation. Jonathan used a literal translation method. Laura encountered difficulties translating some words and used context clues. Esperanza discussed her process of a quick read, literal translation, looking up unknown words, and making the text coherent. The group analyzed concepts of strategy, method, and technique for translation.
This document presents a translation task from English to English. The original paragraph describes the ancient history and global heritage of perfumery. It discusses how the art flourished in Ancient Rome and was later developed by Arab and Persian pharmacists in the Middle Ages. The translation applies various techniques like modulation to convey the same meaning while replacing some structures and grammar. In a reflection, the translator notes challenges in translating between the same language but found they could apply different techniques to the same text. A chart then outlines methods, strategies, and techniques used in translation.
The document contains a translation task from English to Spanish. It includes the translation of two paragraphs about the history of perfume.
The first paragraph discusses how perfume was originally associated with healing through aromatic waters. It then describes how perfume became used as a cleaning agent during the Black Death.
The second paragraph provides more details on the origins and development of the perfume industry in Europe. It explains how perfume making was centered in Venice due to its trade and glass making. The paragraph also discusses the growth of the perfume industry in France under King Louis XIV.
The document contains 4 tasks completed by 3 students regarding translation techniques.
Task 1 involves translating 2 paragraphs about the history of perfume use from English to Spanish. Task 2 is a reflection on the translation process.
Task 3 contains a chart explaining the differences between translation methods, strategies, and techniques. Methods relate to overall text approaches, strategies are plans to solve problems, and techniques affect specific results.
Task 4 provides feedback on the translations and reflections from another student, noting good explanations but recommending specifying techniques used.
The document contains translations of paragraphs from a text about the history of perfumes. It also includes reflections on the translation process and a chart explaining the differences between translation methods, strategies, and techniques.
For the first paragraph translation, the student translated the text into Spanish while maintaining the overall meaning and key details. In their reflection, they discussed challenges with unknown words and applying techniques like modulation.
The second student's translation maintained coherence while simplifying some phrases. Their reflection noted difficulties understanding some terms due to lack of context.
The chart provided examples to clearly define methods as overall approaches, strategies as processes to improve skills, and techniques as specific translation tools that can affect meaning. Feedback praised the work and suggested specifying
The document discusses the history of perfume use, noting that initially perfume was associated with health and used to purify air during plagues, and later became a luxury good in France under Louis XIV where perfumers were primarily glove makers due to the materials used in tanning leather. One of the significant changes in the 19th century was the rise of branding, pioneered by Rimmel who took advantage of railroads to build his brand and transmit prestige through labels on perfume bottles.
The document discusses translation techniques used to translate two paragraphs about the history of perfume making from English to Spanish. For the first paragraph, the translator found some unfamiliar words and expressions that required looking up definitions and examples to understand the context. Translating sentences literally first and then rearranging for grammatical order helped convey the intended meaning. The second paragraph contained some historical terms that were researched for definitions. The document also includes a chart comparing translation methods, strategies, and techniques with definitions and examples.
This document contains a group assignment on translation techniques from Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia. It includes four paragraphs translated from Spanish to English by different group members. Each member then comments on the translation technique they used for their paragraph. Cesar focused on communicative and literal translation. Jonathan used a literal translation method. Laura encountered difficulties translating some words and used context clues. Esperanza discussed her process of a quick read, literal translation, looking up unknown words, and making the text coherent. The group analyzed concepts of strategy, method, and technique for translation.
The document discusses the history and techniques of the perfume industry. It describes how the craft originated in ancient Rome and the Middle East and was advanced through processes like distillation. It traces the industry's growth in Europe from the Middle Ages onward, centered in places like Venice, France, and Britain. Branding and international trade helped the business expand globally in the 19th century. The paragraphs are translations in Spanish of different sections of the original English text on the history of perfume.
The craft of perfumery has ancient origins and was developed in places like ancient Rome, Islamic civilizations, and European monasteries. It later flourished in places like Venice due to trade and glassmaking, and in France where Louis XIV promoted luxury goods. In the 18th century, a more modern perfume industry emerged in Britain and France. Napoleon's policies affected the industry, and in the 19th century ideas of branding and reaching wider markets became important, pioneered by people like Rimmel who built brand prestige. Luxury fragrances were strongly associated with prestigious cities like London and Paris.
The document discusses various translation techniques. It describes how the perfumery industry flourished in France during the 18th century under King Louis XV. However, the revolution initially disrupted the perfume trade due to its association with aristocracy. Later, as markets expanded domestically and overseas, the perfume trade regained momentum. The document also notes that luxury fragrances were strongly associated with the cities of London and Paris, while perfumers elsewhere tended to provide cheaper knockoffs of brands from those cities. The early US perfume industry developed this way in New York importing French oils.
The document discusses the concept of translation and its complexity. It provides examples of translation techniques used when summarizing a passage about the history of perfume making, including transposition, modulation, word-for-word translation, and calque. It notes some challenges in translating certain phrases due to vocabulary gaps and passive voice constructions. Overall, the process of translating the passage helped reinforce understanding of different translation techniques.
TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES Unit 1 Task 1,2,3,4jfcardenas75
The document discusses the history and development of the perfume industry. It provides five paragraphs detailing how perfume making originated in ancient Rome and the Middle East and was further developed in Europe. It describes how perfume was initially used for medicinal and hygienic purposes but later became associated with luxury goods. The paragraphs trace the growth and commercialization of the perfume industry from the 17th century onward in France and Britain as it became more widely traded and popular among different social classes.
Paragraph 3 discusses the flourishing perfume trade during the reign of Louis XV in France. Perfume makers received royal patronage and used a different perfume each week. Perfume makers also diversified into other cosmetics. In the 18th century, a more modern perfume industry emerged in Britain and France, though the French revolution initially disrupted the trade.
The document is a student assignment for a translation techniques course. It includes the student's translation of a paragraph on the history of perfumery. It also includes sections where the student reflects on challenges in the translation, creates a chart comparing methods, strategies and techniques, and provides feedback on classmates' translations.
The document provides reflections from four students - Cesar Augusto Martinez, Jonathan David Contreras, Laura Camila Quesada Vargas, and Esperanza Palechor - on their experiences translating paragraphs about the history of perfume making. Each student discusses the translation techniques and strategies they used, with Martinez focusing on communicative and literal translation, Contreras using a literal translation method, Quesada encountering challenges with unfamiliar words, and Palechor following a process of quick reading, word lookups, and focusing on a communicative translation. The document includes their reflections on lessons learned regarding relying on dictionaries, ensuring translations are understandable, and balancing accuracy with readability.
The document discusses translation techniques and provides examples. It begins by discussing the origins of the perfume industry in Paris and London and how it later developed in New York through immigrants. It emphasizes the importance of understanding context when translating, as direct word-for-word translation can sometimes lose meaning. It also highlights how understanding vocabulary, concepts, and sentence structure between languages is crucial for accurate translation. Different translation methods are discussed, including using context clues, interpreting meaning, and following language-specific grammar rules.
The concept of translation and its complexityCamiloNaranjo10
The document discusses the complexity of translation. It provides examples of direct translation techniques like borrowing, calque, and literal translation. Borrowing involves taking words directly from one language into another without translation. Calque is translating a phrase from another language word-for-word. Literal translation can work in some languages but not others depending on sentence structure. The document also discusses oblique translation techniques like transposition, modulation, reformulation/equivalence, adaptation, and compensation which are used when direct translation alters meaning or style. Transposition involves changing parts of speech order between languages. Modulation conveys the same idea using different phrases. Reformulation expresses something creatively in a different way. Adaptation and compensation address cultural
France has a long history as a leader in perfume production, dating back centuries. Key cities like Grasse and Nice in the south of France became centers of the perfume industry due to favorable climates for cultivating flowers used in fragrances. Today, French perfume companies account for a substantial share of the global perfume export market and brands like Chanel, Yves Saint Laurent, and Dior are among the most popular perfumes worldwide, cementing France's role as a dominant force in the luxury perfume industry.
Perfume is a fragrant mixture used to provide a pleasant scent to the human body and living spaces. It has been used for centuries and was initially used for religious purposes but is now commonly worn by both men and women. The Egyptians were among the earliest to use perfume for enjoyment. Perfume manufacturing involves collecting aromatic materials, extracting oils through various methods like steam distillation, blending extracted oils according to a formula, and aging the blended perfume. Perfume is made up of essential oils, fixatives, and solvents and can be natural or synthetic. The composition and production of perfume has evolved significantly over time.
The document provides an overview of the detergent powder industry, including its history, key developments, and formulas. Some of the main points include:
- Soap and early cleaning agents have been used for thousands of years, with the first evidence found in ancient Babylon. Detergents replaced soap in the 20th century as technology advanced.
- Major developments included the first industrial detergents in Germany during WWI due to strained resources, and the rise of brands like Tide in the 1930s-40s. By the 1950s, soap was displaced in developed nations.
- The document outlines a formula for making detergent powder at home, listing ingredients like guar gum powder, sodium perborate
The document provides an overview of perfume, including its history, composition, description, and sources of aromatics. It discusses how perfume has evolved from ancient times using natural plant and animal sources to today's synthetic formulations. It also describes how perfume is classified by concentration level, fragrance families, and fragrance notes to analyze its scent. Key aromatic sources mentioned are flowers, fruits, resins, woods, and animal products used in perfumery.
Perfume is a fragrant mixture used to provide a pleasant smell. It has been used since ancient times to enhance or mask human odor. Perfume contains essential oils, aroma compounds, and solvents. Descriptions of perfume focus on concentration level, fragrance family, and scent notes that provide an impression of the perfume from initial application through dry down. Traditional families include floral, woody, and amber while modern families include bright floral, green, and citrus.
The document provides an overview of perfume, including its history, composition, and methods of description. It discusses how perfume has been used since ancient times to enhance scents. It also outlines the main components of perfumes, concentration levels, olfactive families that perfumes can belong to, and how notes are used to describe a perfume's scent over time.
Learn and discover the history of perfume from ancient times and middle ages all the way to the modern times.
Fragrances have been used in various forms since ancient times to convey messages, emotions and evoke memories. The use of scented products throughout human history dates back to the Stone Age when perfumes were largely made using plant extracts and oils. From Egypt to Rome, fragrance has had an undeniable impact on society. Today, scent remains an important part of peoples' lives – from a simple spritz of perfume before heading out for the day to wearing your beloved grandmother’s signature scent when you want to feel close with her memory. In this presentation we’re exploring how fragrances evolved over centuries, what ingredients were used for them and where new trends stemmed from along the way.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
The document discusses the history and techniques of the perfume industry. It describes how the craft originated in ancient Rome and the Middle East and was advanced through processes like distillation. It traces the industry's growth in Europe from the Middle Ages onward, centered in places like Venice, France, and Britain. Branding and international trade helped the business expand globally in the 19th century. The paragraphs are translations in Spanish of different sections of the original English text on the history of perfume.
The craft of perfumery has ancient origins and was developed in places like ancient Rome, Islamic civilizations, and European monasteries. It later flourished in places like Venice due to trade and glassmaking, and in France where Louis XIV promoted luxury goods. In the 18th century, a more modern perfume industry emerged in Britain and France. Napoleon's policies affected the industry, and in the 19th century ideas of branding and reaching wider markets became important, pioneered by people like Rimmel who built brand prestige. Luxury fragrances were strongly associated with prestigious cities like London and Paris.
The document discusses various translation techniques. It describes how the perfumery industry flourished in France during the 18th century under King Louis XV. However, the revolution initially disrupted the perfume trade due to its association with aristocracy. Later, as markets expanded domestically and overseas, the perfume trade regained momentum. The document also notes that luxury fragrances were strongly associated with the cities of London and Paris, while perfumers elsewhere tended to provide cheaper knockoffs of brands from those cities. The early US perfume industry developed this way in New York importing French oils.
The document discusses the concept of translation and its complexity. It provides examples of translation techniques used when summarizing a passage about the history of perfume making, including transposition, modulation, word-for-word translation, and calque. It notes some challenges in translating certain phrases due to vocabulary gaps and passive voice constructions. Overall, the process of translating the passage helped reinforce understanding of different translation techniques.
TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES Unit 1 Task 1,2,3,4jfcardenas75
The document discusses the history and development of the perfume industry. It provides five paragraphs detailing how perfume making originated in ancient Rome and the Middle East and was further developed in Europe. It describes how perfume was initially used for medicinal and hygienic purposes but later became associated with luxury goods. The paragraphs trace the growth and commercialization of the perfume industry from the 17th century onward in France and Britain as it became more widely traded and popular among different social classes.
Paragraph 3 discusses the flourishing perfume trade during the reign of Louis XV in France. Perfume makers received royal patronage and used a different perfume each week. Perfume makers also diversified into other cosmetics. In the 18th century, a more modern perfume industry emerged in Britain and France, though the French revolution initially disrupted the trade.
The document is a student assignment for a translation techniques course. It includes the student's translation of a paragraph on the history of perfumery. It also includes sections where the student reflects on challenges in the translation, creates a chart comparing methods, strategies and techniques, and provides feedback on classmates' translations.
The document provides reflections from four students - Cesar Augusto Martinez, Jonathan David Contreras, Laura Camila Quesada Vargas, and Esperanza Palechor - on their experiences translating paragraphs about the history of perfume making. Each student discusses the translation techniques and strategies they used, with Martinez focusing on communicative and literal translation, Contreras using a literal translation method, Quesada encountering challenges with unfamiliar words, and Palechor following a process of quick reading, word lookups, and focusing on a communicative translation. The document includes their reflections on lessons learned regarding relying on dictionaries, ensuring translations are understandable, and balancing accuracy with readability.
The document discusses translation techniques and provides examples. It begins by discussing the origins of the perfume industry in Paris and London and how it later developed in New York through immigrants. It emphasizes the importance of understanding context when translating, as direct word-for-word translation can sometimes lose meaning. It also highlights how understanding vocabulary, concepts, and sentence structure between languages is crucial for accurate translation. Different translation methods are discussed, including using context clues, interpreting meaning, and following language-specific grammar rules.
The concept of translation and its complexityCamiloNaranjo10
The document discusses the complexity of translation. It provides examples of direct translation techniques like borrowing, calque, and literal translation. Borrowing involves taking words directly from one language into another without translation. Calque is translating a phrase from another language word-for-word. Literal translation can work in some languages but not others depending on sentence structure. The document also discusses oblique translation techniques like transposition, modulation, reformulation/equivalence, adaptation, and compensation which are used when direct translation alters meaning or style. Transposition involves changing parts of speech order between languages. Modulation conveys the same idea using different phrases. Reformulation expresses something creatively in a different way. Adaptation and compensation address cultural
France has a long history as a leader in perfume production, dating back centuries. Key cities like Grasse and Nice in the south of France became centers of the perfume industry due to favorable climates for cultivating flowers used in fragrances. Today, French perfume companies account for a substantial share of the global perfume export market and brands like Chanel, Yves Saint Laurent, and Dior are among the most popular perfumes worldwide, cementing France's role as a dominant force in the luxury perfume industry.
Perfume is a fragrant mixture used to provide a pleasant scent to the human body and living spaces. It has been used for centuries and was initially used for religious purposes but is now commonly worn by both men and women. The Egyptians were among the earliest to use perfume for enjoyment. Perfume manufacturing involves collecting aromatic materials, extracting oils through various methods like steam distillation, blending extracted oils according to a formula, and aging the blended perfume. Perfume is made up of essential oils, fixatives, and solvents and can be natural or synthetic. The composition and production of perfume has evolved significantly over time.
The document provides an overview of the detergent powder industry, including its history, key developments, and formulas. Some of the main points include:
- Soap and early cleaning agents have been used for thousands of years, with the first evidence found in ancient Babylon. Detergents replaced soap in the 20th century as technology advanced.
- Major developments included the first industrial detergents in Germany during WWI due to strained resources, and the rise of brands like Tide in the 1930s-40s. By the 1950s, soap was displaced in developed nations.
- The document outlines a formula for making detergent powder at home, listing ingredients like guar gum powder, sodium perborate
The document provides an overview of perfume, including its history, composition, description, and sources of aromatics. It discusses how perfume has evolved from ancient times using natural plant and animal sources to today's synthetic formulations. It also describes how perfume is classified by concentration level, fragrance families, and fragrance notes to analyze its scent. Key aromatic sources mentioned are flowers, fruits, resins, woods, and animal products used in perfumery.
Perfume is a fragrant mixture used to provide a pleasant smell. It has been used since ancient times to enhance or mask human odor. Perfume contains essential oils, aroma compounds, and solvents. Descriptions of perfume focus on concentration level, fragrance family, and scent notes that provide an impression of the perfume from initial application through dry down. Traditional families include floral, woody, and amber while modern families include bright floral, green, and citrus.
The document provides an overview of perfume, including its history, composition, and methods of description. It discusses how perfume has been used since ancient times to enhance scents. It also outlines the main components of perfumes, concentration levels, olfactive families that perfumes can belong to, and how notes are used to describe a perfume's scent over time.
Learn and discover the history of perfume from ancient times and middle ages all the way to the modern times.
Fragrances have been used in various forms since ancient times to convey messages, emotions and evoke memories. The use of scented products throughout human history dates back to the Stone Age when perfumes were largely made using plant extracts and oils. From Egypt to Rome, fragrance has had an undeniable impact on society. Today, scent remains an important part of peoples' lives – from a simple spritz of perfume before heading out for the day to wearing your beloved grandmother’s signature scent when you want to feel close with her memory. In this presentation we’re exploring how fragrances evolved over centuries, what ingredients were used for them and where new trends stemmed from along the way.
Similar to Activitad 3 jaya grupo 551037 a473 clb (20)
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it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
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Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
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Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
Activitad 3 jaya grupo 551037 a473 clb
1. TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES
STUDENTS
ROGER STIVENS DIAZ IBAGUE CODE: 1031168138
SONIA MARLEN CASTELLANOS M CODE: 52300570
JULIA STELLA AYA CARDENAS CODE:35262829
GROUP: 551037_2
TUTOR: DINA ESPERANA BONILLA
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA - UNAD BACHELOR’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN
LANGUAGE
2. Introducción
■ The members of the collaborative work group made their respective translations and
made known the strategy used in their translations. Before to develop the translation,
each one identified and analyzed theoretical information related to translation
techniques, we shared our translations and did inputs about our works in a special forum
created to this end.
3. STEP 1. TRANSLATION
Step 1
The craft of perfumery has an ancient and global
heritage. The art flourished in Ancient Rome,
where the emperors were said to bathe in scent.
After the fall of Rome, much of the knowledge
was lost, but survived in Islamic civilizations in
the Middle Ages. Arab and Persian pharmacists
developed essential oils from the aromatic plants
of the Indian peninsula. They developed the
processes of distillation and suspensión in
alcohol, which allowed for smaller amounts of
raw materials to be used than in the ancient
process, by which flower petals were soaked in
warm oil. This knowledge was carried back to
European monasteries during the Crusades.
Paso 1
La artesanía de la perfumería tiene un patrimonio antiguo
y global. El arte floreció en la Antigua Roma, donde se
decía que los emperadores se bañaban en aroma. Después
de la caída de Roma, gran parte del conocimiento era
perdido, pero sobrevivió en las civilizaciones islámicas en
la Edad Media. Farmacéuticos árabes y persas
desarrollados aceites esenciales de las plantas aromáticas
de la península india. Desarrollaron el proceso de
destilación y suspensión en alcohol, lo que permitió
cantidades más pequeñas de materia prima materiales que
se utilizarán en el proceso antiguo, por el cual los pétalos
de flores se remojaron en aceite caliente. Este
conocimiento fue llevado de vuelta a los monasterios
europeos durante las Cruzadas.
El Perfume
By Roger Stivens Díaz
4. STEP 2. REFLECTION
At the beginning of reading, I recognized many words, but there were some that I could
not translate using the literal translation method and in some cases the translation of loan
and adaptation and therefore there were words that confused the text, I did not use more
tools to translate because my paragraph was not long, on the contrary it was short,
thanks to the tools with dedication and discipline achieve it.
I used the literal translation because it seemed to me a simpler and easier tool and I
could also translate good sentences, therefore I also use the tool, loan because there
were words that I did not understand and also use the adaptation tool with which I
specified about the language of culture. with the help of translation tools. it is easier for
us to understand the tecniques of traduction and understand the texts.
5. STEP 3. CHART
STRATEGY TECHNIQUE METHOD
translate without
interruption as long as
possible
correcting surface errors
Immediately
leave the supervision of
qualitative or stylistic
errors in the text to the
revision stage.
we already have the
knowledge that there
are several tools that
help us to be able to
translate each specific
tool, its methods and
therefore the help.
Graedler (2000: 3) says
Inventing a new Word
Explain the meaning of
the SL expression
instead of translating it.
Preserve the term SL
intact.
Opt for a word in the
TL that looks similar or
has the same
"relevance" as the term
SL.
Newmark (1988b) says
Communicative
translation
Literal translation
Semantic translation
Word-for-Word
translation
Free translation
Graedler (2000: 3)
Functional Equivalence
Descriptive or self-
explanatory translation
7. STEP 1. TRANSLATION
■ PARAGRAPH 4
Perfume became less associated with health in 1810 with a
Napoleonic ordinance which required perfumers to declare the
ingredients of all products for internal consumption. Unwilling to
divulge their secrets, traders concentrated on products for external
use. Napoleon affected the industry in other ways too. With French
ports blockaded by the British during the Napoleonic wars, the
London perfumers were able to dominate the markets for some
time.
One of the significant changes in the nineteenth century was the
idea of branding. Until then, trademarks had had little significance
in the perfumery where goods were consumed locally, although
they had a long history in other industries. One of the pioneers in
this field was Rimmel who was nationalized as a British citizen in
1857. He took advantage of the spread of railroads to reach
customers in wider markets. To do this, he built a brand which
conveyed prestige and quality, and were worth paying a premium
for. He recognised the role of design in enhancing the value of his
products, hiring a French lithographer to create the labels for his
perfume bottles.
■ PÁRRAFO 4
En 1810 el perfume fue menos asociado con la salud, con una ordenanza
napoleónica que exigía a los perfumistas declarar los ingredientes de todos
los productos para el consumo interno; No dispuestos a divulgar sus
secretos, los comerciantes se concentraron en productos para uso externo.
Napoleón afectó la industria de una u otra manera. Con los puertos
franceses bloqueados por los británicos durante las guerras napoleónicas,
los perfumistas de Londres dominaron los mercados durante algún tiempo.
Uno de los cambios significativos en el siglo XIX fue la idea de marcar los
productos. Hasta entonces, las marcas habían tenido poca importancia en la
perfumería donde los bienes se consumían localmente, aunque tenían una
larga historia en otras industrias. Uno de los pioneros en este campo fue
Rimmel, quien fue nacionalizado como ciudadano británico en 1857.
Aprovechó la expansión de los ferrocarriles para llegar a clientes en
mercados más amplios. Para hacer esto, construyó una marca que transmitía
prestigio y calidad, y valía la pena pagar un elevado precio por ella.
Reconoció el papel del diseño en la mejora del valor de sus productos y
contrató a un litógrafo francés para crear las etiquetas de sus botellas de
perfume.
El Perfume
By Sonia M Castellanos Moscoso
8. STEP 2. REFLECTION
First I made a reading of the paragraph to have the central idea of the message, then I
did the translation using the technique Literal translation, or word-for-word
translation it works, but in some parts of text it lost the sense, since some words of
the text used idioms, I had to search more because the sentence couldn't be translated
literally. For example one of the words were "premium", “in other ways too” and a
"long history" these words have multiple meanings.
So I did not just use the literal translation technique, I had to use the Oblique
Translation Techniques with some terms compensation.
9. STEP 3. CHART
STRATEGY TECHNIQUE METHOD
Concepts
A plan of action designed to
achieve the goal or result
Technique is a procedure or steps
for completing a specific task
Method is a way for doing
something with a definite plan,
described step by step.
Examples
In language teaching, we could
use as a strategy, a graphic
organizer to reach a better
understanding of the topic by
part of students
When the teacher wants to help
students learn the meaning of
new vocabulary words, the
teacher uses a teaching technique
known as Definition Clues. This
enables students who do not
know the definition of the word
to locate the correct word and
further learn the correct word
definition.
In language teaching, we could
use as a method the
Audiolingual, where the
students can improve the
listening and speaking skills
11. PARAGRAPH 2
At first, the use of fragrances was primarily associated with healing.
Aromatic alcoholic waters were ingested as well as used externally.
Fragrances were used to purify the air, both for spiritual and health purposes.
During the Black Death, the bubonic plague was thought to have resulted
from a bad odour which could be averted by inhaling pleasant fragrances
such as cinnamon. The Black Death led to an aversion to using water for
washing, and so perfume was commonly used as a cleaning agent.
Later on, the craft of perfume re-entered Europe, and was centred in
Venice, chiefly because it was an important trade route and a centre for glass-
making. Having such materials at hand was essential for the distillation
process. In the late seventeenth century, trade soared in France, when Louis
XIV brought in policies of protectionism and patronage which stimulated the
purchase of luxury goods. Here, perfumery was the preserve of glove-makers.
The link arose since the tanning of leather required putrid substances.
Consequently, the gloves were scented before they were sold and worn. A
glove and perfume makers’ guild had existed here since 1190. Entering it
required 7 years of formal training under a master perfumer.
STEP 1. TRANSLATION
PARRAFO 2
Al principio, el uso de fragancias fue asociado principalmente con la curación.
Aguas aromáticas alcohólicas fueron ingeridas además usadas externamente.
Fragancias fueron usadas para purificar el aire, ambos para propósitos espirituales y de
salud. Durante la Peste Negra, se pensó que la peste bubónica era el resultado de un
mal olor el cual podía ser evitado inhalando agradables fragancias como la canela. La
Peste Negra condujo una aversión al uso de agua para lavar, por lo que el perfume fue
usado comúnmente como agente de limpieza.
Más tarde, el trabajo del perfume volvió a participar en Europa y se centró en
Venecia, principalmente porque era una importante ruta comercial y un centro para la
fabricación de vidrio. Teniendo tales materiales a mano fue esencial para el proceso de
destilación. A finales del siglo XVII, el comercio se elevó en Francia, cuando Luis
XIV introdujo políticas de proteccionismo y apoyo lo que estimulo la compra de
artículos de lujo. Aquí, la perfumería era preservada de los fabricantes de guantes.
El vínculo surgió desde que el curtir del cuero requería sustancias pútridas. En
consecuencia, los guantes fueron perfumados antes de ser vendidos y usados. Un
guante y un gremio de fabricantes de perfumes habían existido allí desde 1190. Entrar
en él requería 7 años de entrenamiento formal bajo la dirección de un maestro
perfumista.
By JULIA STELLA AYA CARDENAS
12. The text that I chose, it was the second, the majority problems that I had during the translation, it was that I didn’t know some
words or I didn’t remember some of them, however it wasn’t difficult because the context was easy and I didn’t notice a lot of
expression. I found expression like glove-makers, glass-making, re-entered.
The first activity that I make, it was a scan, then I read so slowly and finally, I started to translate
The technique that I uses, it was a mix of direct translation, literal translation, transposition and reformulation or equivalence.
I used direct translation exactly literal translation because inside the paragraph were sentence that I can to translate literally
and I used transposition because in English there are some sentences where the structure organization change the order so, as
consequently it is important to try to understand the general context to organizes the ideas.
I used reformulation or equivalence because I tried to adapter some idiomatic expression that in Spanish can be sound wrong but
in English are correct.
Another aspect that I had present it was the punctuation sing. Because I can identify when the sentences star and ended.
STEP 2. REFLECTION
13. Method Strategy Technique
The method is a group of strategy and
technique that we can uses when we want
to do something, in this cases when we
want to translate we must have a method
for to do the activity.
The method it is depend of type of text. So
we have a informatics text, in this case we
need to translate the way that the reader
can understand easily the information in
this case we can uses a communicative
translation according to by Newmark.
-------
For example:
Caught Between Police and Gangsters in
Brazil’s Favelas. New York time Saturday,
July 14, 2018
Atrapado entre policías y pandilleros en las
Favelas de Brasil
In this cases the literal word can be en
medio de however in the communicative
translation is better the way entre because
is most fluid and sound according to the
information.
When we need to translate, we can use
differents strategies and techniques for
translate, depend of de type o text that we
have.
The strategy is a kind of group of steps that
you can make a translations, using different
methods or technique.
------
For example
We can use the strategy : When you have a
text, it is important that you can understand
the text before to translate so, your first
activity can be scanning the text then
skimming , search reading, etc. and finally
you can star to translate using
Another example
For example in the strategy we can uses the
technique on the borrowing whit some
words such a bit software, hardware, rock
The Technique is a kind of the tool that we
use in the moment that we need to translate.
We can use calque, borrowing or literal
translation, transposition adaptation etc.
-------
For example
At first, the use of fragrances was primarily
associated with healing
In the before paragraph it is possible to use
a literal translation, because the order of
sentence are normal position.
Transpositions
Perfume was commonly used as a cleaning
agent
In English is common use the first
positions of verb and the noun in the final
part. While in Spanish the verb is it the
final part of the sentence and the noun and
the end.
When we translate literal word by words
and sentences.
STEP 3. CHART
14. PARAGRAPH 3
The trade in perfume flourished during the reign of Louis XV, as the
master glove-and-perfume makers, particularly those trading in Paris,
received patronage from the royal court, where it is said that a
different perfume was used each week. The perfumers diversified into
other cosmetics including soaps, powders, white face paints and hair
dyes. They were not the sole sellers of beauty products. Mercers,
spicers, vinegar-makers and wig-makers were all cashing in on the
popularity of perfumed products. Even simple shopkeepers were
coming up with their own concoctions to sell. During the eighteenth
century, more modern, capitalist perfume industry began to emerge,
particularly in Britain where there was a flourishing consumer society.
In France, the revolution initially disrupted the perfume trade due to
its association with aristocracy, however, it regained momentum later
as a wider range of markets were sought both in the domestic and
overseas markets. The guild system was abolished in 1791, allowing
new high-end perfumery shops to open in Paris
TRANSLATION PARAGRAPH 3
PARRAFO 3
El comercio en perfumería floreció durante el reino de Louis XV, como el
maestro de hacer guantes y perfumes, particularmente aquel comercio en Paris,
recibió patrocinio de la corte royal, donde se dice que un perfume diferente fue
usado cada semana. Los perfumes diversificaron dentro de otros cosméticos
incluidos jabones, polvos, pinturas de cara blanca y tinturas para el cabello.
Ellos no fueron los únicos vendedores de productos de belleza. Mercers,
Spicers, vinegar-markers y wig-makers todos estuvieron financiados en la
popularidad de los productos perfumados. Aun simples tenderos fueron
aumentando con su propia mezcla para vender. Durante el siglo 18, más
modernidad, la industria de la perfumería capitalista comenzó a surgir,
particularmente en Gran Bretaña donde hubo una floreciente sociedad de
consumo. En Francia, la revolución inicialmente interrumpió el comercio del
perfume debido a su asociación con aristocracia, sin embargo, esto recupero
más tarde como un amplio rango de mercado donde fueron vendidos en
mercados nacionales y extranjeros. El sistema gremial fue terminado en 1791,
permitiendo nuevas tiendas de perfumería para abrirse en Paris.
BY MARY LILIANA ROJAS
15. It was difficult to me translate words that i've never seen, another thing that was
difficult, was the lack of knowledge with names of companies, because it wasn't
clear if it was a Word or the name of a company. I used a bilingual dictionary to
know the meaning of some words but first i looked them and looked the meaning
before Reading the text.
STEP 2. REFLECTION
16. Strategy Method Technique
it is focus in the procedure
to solve any
inconvenience in the
translation of the text.
It keep the process to
achieve the objective
it is a plan that it's
developed or invented for
someone to achieve a
goal.
We use an strategy when
we follow a technique to
translate a paragraph
We use a method when
we can´t translate a
sentence, and we have to
apply different options.
When we look the
meaning of a words that
we don´t know, before
Reading a text.
STEP 3. CHART
18. Bosco, G. (n.d.). Translation Techniques. Retrieved March 22, 2017,
fromhttp://www.interproinc.com/es/blog/translation-techniques
Ordudari, M. (july 2007). Translation procedures, strategies, and methods. Translation
Journal, 11(3). Retrieved March 22, 2017,
fromhttp://www.bokorlang.com/journal/41culture.htm
Preciado, P. D., & Silva, M. (2007). English Translation Techniques [Ebook]. Retrieved
March 22, 2017, from
https://books.google.com.co/books?id=5MG8xLyZOYkC&lpg=PP1&dq=petra%20translat
ions%20techniques&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=petra%20translations%20techniques&f=false
Umbral Digital
References