1. Part 01
Operational Amplifier
Dr. Krishna Jibon Mondal
Assistant Professor and Head
Department of Physics and Electronics
Shri Shankaracharya Mahavidyalaya, Bhilai
2. Introduction
An operational amplifier commonly known
as op-amp is a two-input single-output
differential voltage amplifier which is
characterized by
high input impedance
low output impedance
high gain
3. Characteristics of Operational amplifier
Input Impedance (Zin): An ideal op-amp has infinite
input impedance
Output Impedance (Zout): An ideal op-amp has zero
output impedance
Open-Loop Gain (AVO): An ideal op-amp, the gain
will be infinite
Bandwidth (BW):An ideal op-amp, the bandwidth
will be infinite
Slew Rate:An ideal op-amp will have an infinite
slew rate
Offset Voltage (VIO) : An Ideal op-amp will have
zero offset voltage
CMRR (Common Mode Rejection Ratio): An ideal
op-amp will have infinite CMRR
5. Then, the Closed-Loop Voltage Gain of an Inverting
Amplifier is given as.
Linear Output
The negative sign in the equation indicates an
inversion of the output signal with respect to the
input as it is 180 degree out of phase. This is due
to the feedback being negative in value.
6. Non-inverting Operational
AmplifierIn this configuration, the input voltage signal, ( VIN ) is applied directly to the
non-inverting ( + ) input terminal which means that the output gain of
the amplifier becomes “Positive” in value in contrast to the “Inverting
Amplifier”.
7. Then the closed loop voltage gain of a Non-
inverting Operational Amplifier will be given
as:
8. Summing Amplifier
The Summing Amplifier is another type of operational
amplifier circuit configuration that is used to combine the
voltages present on two or more inputs into a single output
voltage.
9. However, if all the input impedances, ( RIN ) are
equal in value, we can simplify the above
equation to give an output voltage of:
Thus, an output voltage signal is proportional to
the algebraic “SUM” of the three individual
input voltages V1, V2 and V3