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1. 8
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TheThe
MuscularMuscular
SystemSystem

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Types of muscle & functionTypes of muscle & function
• Skeletal- 40-50% of total body weight- voluntary
mostly movement of bone & body parts
Stabilizing body positions
• Cardiac- only in heart- involuntary
Heart only
Develops pressure for arterial blood flow
• Smooth- grouped in walls of hollow organs
Sphincters regulate flow in tubes
Maintain diameter of tubes
Move material in GI tract and reproductive organs

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Muscle FunctionsMuscle Functions
• Produce body movements
• Stabilize body positions
• Regulate organ volume
• Moving substances internally
• Producing heat

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Skeletal Muscle TissueSkeletal Muscle Tissue
• Well-supplied with blood vessels
and nerves
• Terminal of a neuron on each
muscle fiber

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Parts of a MuslceParts of a Muslce
• Origin => most stationary end
Location where the tendon attaches
• Insertion => the most mobile end
Location where tendon inserts
• Belly => middle fleshy part

6. Figure 8.12

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How Muscles MoveHow Muscles Move
• Generally arranged in opposing pairs
Flexors- extensors; abductors- adductors
• The major actor = Prime mover or
agonist
• The one with opposite effect =
antagonist
• Synergists- help prime mover
• Fixators- stabilize origin of prime mover
• Role of muscle varies with motion

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Naming of MusclesNaming of Muscles
• Direction of muscle fibers
e.g. rectus, transverse, oblique
• Specific regions
e.g. abdominis, brachialis, oculi, oris, temporalis
palmaris, femoris, tibialis, digitorum, costals,
carpi, spinalis, scapularis, thoracis, frontalis
• No. of attachments
e.g. biceps, triceps, quadriceps

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Muscle NamesMuscle Names
• Shape
e.g. deltoid, orbicularis, serratus, trapezius,
teres, phomboid, quadratus
• Size
e.g. brevis, longus, minimus, medius, magnus,
maximus, minor, major, vastus,
• Relation of a Muscle to the Bone
e.g. supra, infra, sub, lateralis, medialis,
inter, external, internal, superior,
inferior,

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Muscle NamesMuscle Names
• Actions
e.g. abductor, adductor, flexor, extensor,
supinator, pronator
• Specific references
Buccinator (blowing m.),
Frontalis (m. of surprise),
Zygomaticus major (smiling m.),
Triceps brachii (straight jab m.)

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Muscle NamesMuscle Names
Deltoid (shoulder pad m.),
Diaphragm (muscle of inhalation),
Orbicularis oculi (blinking/winking m.)
Orbicularis oris (kissing/pouting m.)
Masseter (chewing m.)
Gastrocnemius (tip-toe m.)
Latissimus dorsi (swimmer’s m. and widest m),
Sartorius (tailor’s m. and longest m),
Gluteus maximus (biggest m.)
Stapedius (smallest m.)

12. Figure 8-13a

13. Figure 8-13b

14. Figure 8.14

15. Figure 8.15

16. Figure 8.16

17. Figure 8.17

18. Figure 8.18

19. Figure 8.19

20. Figure 8.20

21. Figure 8.21ab

22. Figure 8.22

23. Figure 8.23a

24. Figure 8.23b

25. Figure 8.24ab

26. Figure 8.24cd