Just to help other students like me, I hope u give ur best always and understand every slide.

1. “ Muscular Control of Movement “

3. MUSCLE
 A band or bundle of fibrous tissue in
a human or animal body that has the
ability to relax, contract, produce
movement or maintaining the
position of parts of the body.

5. “ FunCtion oF MusCles “
 Many of muscles help to move. Most of these
muscles attach to bones. These muscles
make skeleton move.
 When muscles contract, they move bones.
This movement can be fast.
 Muscles that are attached to bones, support
body and helps to body balance.

6. Many Muscles protect the body.
They cover most of skeleton.
Muscles also cover most of the
organs inside the body.
Muscles are like a layer of
padding. They surround
abdomen, chest, and back, and
protect the internal organs.

7.  Muscular system helps the body
keep internal temperature
within a certain range.

9. 3 Types of Muscles

11. Skeletal Muscle
• Voluntary- subject to conscious control
• Most are attached by tendons to bones
• Cells have more than one nucleus
(multinucleated)
• Striated- have stripes, banding
• Tendons are mostly made of collagen fibers
• Found in the limbs
• Produce movement, maintain
posture, generate heat,
stabilize joints

12. Cardiac Muscle
 Involuntary
 Has striations
 Usually has a single nucleus
 Joined to another muscle cell
at an intercalated disc
 As cardiac muscles contract
and relax, they pump blood
through your heart and
through vessels throughout
your body.

13. Smooth Muscle
• In the walls of hollow visceral organs,
blood vessels, digestive system
• Controlled involuntarily by
Endocrine and Autonomic nervous systems
• Some functions:
propel urine, mix food in
digestive tract, regulating
blood flow
• Single nucleus

15. 1.) EXCITABILITY :
►capacity of muscle to respond
to a stimulus
2.) CONTRACTILITY:
► ability of a muscle to shorten
and generate force

16. 3.) ELASTICITY:
► ability of muscle to recoil to
original resting length after stretched
4.) EXTENSIBILITY:
► muscle can be stretched back to its
normal resting length and beyond to
a limited degree

17. 5.) ADAPTABILITY:
► It can be change in response to
how it is used
Ex. HYPERTROPHY- A muscle can enlarge
through increased work
ATROPHY- A muscle can waste away if
deprived of work.

19. ADDUCTION - the movement of a limb or
other part toward the midline of the body
or toward another part.
ABDUCTION –
the movement of a limb
or other part away from
the midline of the body,
or from another part.

20. FLEXION
- the action of bending or the condition
of being bent, especially the bending
of a limb or joint.

21. EXTENSION- Straightening and extending
of the joint to increase the angle between
two bones or body parts.

22. ROTATION
– Involves moving a body
part around
an axis.

23. “ Shapes of Muscles “
• Triangular- shoulder, neck
• Spindle- arms, legs
• Flat- diaphragm, forehead
• Circular- mouth, anus

24. MUSCLES ARE :

25. Sternocleidomastoid
Flexes and Rotates Head

26. Temporalis
Elevate & Retract Mandible

27. Trapezius
Extend Head, Adduct, Elevate or
Depress Scapula

28. Sartorius
Flexes Thigh, &
Rotates Thigh
Laterally
• LONGEST MUSCLE IN
THE BODY
Sartorius: the straplike
muscle that runs diagonally
from the waist down across
the front of the thigh to the
knee.

29. Latissimus Dorsi
Extend, Adduct & Rotate Arm Medially
• BROADEST MUSCLE IN THE
BODY
Latissimus dorsi: the large, flat muscle
pair that covers the middle and lower
back.

30. Gluteus Maximus
Extends & Rotates
Thigh Laterally
• BIGGEST MUSCLE IN
THE BODY
Gluteus maximus: the
muscle pair of the hip
that form most of the
flesh of the buttocks.

31. Deltoid
Abduct, Flex & Extend Arm

32. Pectoralis Major
Flexes, adducts & rotates arm medially

33. Biceps Brachii
Flexes Elbow Joint

34. Triceps Brachii
Extend Elbow Joint

35. Rectus Abdominus
Flexes Abdomen

36. External Oblique
Compress Abdomen

37. Masseter
Elevate Mandible

38. Rectus Femoris
Flexes Thigh,
Extends Lower Leg

39. Gracilis
Adducts and Flexes Thigh

40. Biceps Femoris
Extends Thigh &
Flexes Lower Leg

41. Gastrocnemius
Plantar Flexes Foot
& Flex Lower Leg

42. Tibialis Anterior
Dorsiflexes and Inverts Foot

43. Fastest-reacting muscle in the body?
Orbicularis oculi: the muscle that encircles the
eye and closes the eyelid. It contracts in less
than 0.01 second.
Number of muscles used to make a
smile?
Seventeen.
Smallest muscle in the body?
Stapedius: the muscle that activates the stirrup, the
small bone that sends vibrations from the eardrum
to the inner ear. It measures just 0.05 inch (0.13
centimeter) in length.

44. • The muscles surrounding your eye are
the busiest muscles in your body.
Research indicates that you probably
blink them more than 100,000 times a
day.
• And the biggest muscle in your body
is the GLUTEUS MAXIMUS (your
butt).

45. Use of Muscles
Types of
Movement
– agonists
– antagonists
– synergists
Types of
Contraction
– concentric
– static
– eccentric

46. dr. aarif
TYPES OF STRIATED MUSCLES:
On the basis of movements, striated muscles are of three types:
Prime movers (agonist): They bring initial movement of part.
E.g. Biceps.
Antagonists: These bring the action opposite to that of prime movers.
E.g. Triceps.
Synergists: These assist prime movers.
E.g. Brachialis assists Biceps.

47.  A genetic condition that describes
over 20 genetic and hereditary
muscle diseases.
 Characterized by progressive skeletal
muscle weakness, defects in muscle
proteins, and the death of muscle
cells and tissue.
 In some cases, cardiac and smooth
muscles
are affected.
Muscular Dystrophy
Principal symptoms:
 Progressive Muscular Wasting (weakness)
 Poor Balance and Frequent Falls
 Walking Difficulty + Waddling Gait
 Limited Range of Movement
 Scoliosis (curvature of the spine)
 Inability to Walk
 Muscle Atrophy and Drooping Eyelids

48.  chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized
by varying degrees of weakness of the skeletal muscles
 Caused by a defect in the transmission of nerve impulses
at the neuromuscular junction
 Antibodies (produced by the body's own immune system)
block, alter, or destroy the receptors for acetylcholine at the
neuromuscular junction which prevents the muscle
contraction from occurring.
Myasthenia
Gravis
• progressive weakness due to
a shortage of acetylcholine
receptors

49. eFFeCts oF exerCise on
MusCle
 Results of increased muscle use
 Increase in muscle size
 Increase in muscle strength
 Increase in muscle efficiency
 Muscle becomes more fatigue
resistant