Zika virus
The document discusses the Zika virus. It was discovered in 1947 and is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Symptoms are mild fever and rash. Infection during pregnancy is a risk factor for microcephaly in babies. There is no vaccine or treatment, only symptom management. The virus spread rapidly in the Americas in 2015. Prevention focuses on controlling mosquito populations and avoiding bites during outbreaks. Diagnosis involves virus detection or antibody testing.
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Zika virus
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- 2. 2 The virus wasnamed after the region where it was found in the Zika Forest of Uganda — in 1947 What is Zika?why it is called as Zika 16/06/2016
- 3. 3 The Zika virusbelongs to Flaviviridae Zika virus is enveloped and has a nonsegmented, single- stranded, positive- sense RNA genome. Cross-section of Zika virus, with capsid layer (pink), membrane layer (purple), and RNA genome (yellow)[2 16/06/2016
- 4. Low-grade fever(between 37.8°C and 38.5°C) arthralgia, notably of small joints of hands and feet, with possible swollen joints Myalgia Headache, retro-ocular headaches Conjunctivitis Cutaneous maculopapular rash Post-infection asthenia which seems to be frequent 4 What are the Symptoms ? About 1 in 5 people infected with Zika virus become ill (i.e., develop Zika). 16/06/2016
- 5. Those infected withZika during pregnancy appear to be able to transmit the virus to their fetuses. In some cases, this may lead to microcephaly, a terrible congenital condition that's associated with a small head and incomplete brain development. Babies born with microcephaly have a limited life expectancy and poor brain function. 5 Symptoms 16/06/2016
- 6. Dr. Angela Rocha,pediatric infectologist at Oswaldo Cruz Hospital, examines Ludmilla Hadassa Dias de Vasconcelos (two months old), who has microcephaly, on January 26, 2016 in Recife, Brazil.
- 7. • Aedes aegyptimosquito, carrier of the Zika virus which might cause microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome, a condition that causes the immune system to attack one’s own nerves. 716/06/2016
- 8. 8 Guillain–Barre syndrome GBS isa rare disorder where a person’s own immune system damages the nerve cells, causing muscle weakness and sometimes, paralysis. These symptoms can last a few weeks or several months. While most people fully recover from GBS, some people have permanent damage and in rare cases, people have died. 16/06/2016
- 9. 9 Three years ago,the Zika virus was nowhere to be found in the Western Hemisphere. But in 2015, Brazil suddenly found itself in the throes of an unprecedented Zika outbreak — with more than a million people infected by the mosquito-transmitted disease 16/06/2016
- 10. Mosquito Bites: Aedesspecies mosquito (A. aegypti, and arboreal mosquitoes such as A. africanus, A. apicoargenteus, A. furcifer, A. hensilli, A. luteocephalus, and A. vitattus) 10 Mode of TransmissionHow does it Spread? Major Mode of Transmission Mosquito Bites Minor Mode of Transmission From Mother to Baby Blood transfusion & Sexual contact 16/06/2016
- 11. From Mother toChild: 11 A mother already infected with Zika virus near the time of delivery can pass on the virus to her newborn around the time of birth, but this is rare. In 2015, Zika virus RNA was detected in the amniotic fluid of two fetuses, indicating that it had crossed the placenta and could cause a mother-to-child infection It is possible that Zika virus could be passed from mother to fetus during pregnancy. This mode of transmission is being investigated. To date, there are no reports of infants getting Zika virus through breastfeeding. Because of the benefits of breastfeeding, mothers are encouraged to breastfeed even in areas where Zika virus is found Minor Modes
- 12. Pregnant woman AngelicaPrato, infected by the Zika virus, is attended at the Erasmo Meoz University Hospital in Cucuta, Colombia, on January 25, 2016.
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- 15. 15 Some Countries AreEmploying Genetically Modified Mosquitoes to Fight the Virus Sterile male Aedes mosquitoes could reduce the population, CNN reported. Some worry that this could have an unknown effect on the environment A genetically modified version can be used to cut down the mosquito population and reduce the Zika risk. 16/06/2016
- 16. 16 Diagnosis It isdifficult to diagnose Zika virus infection based on clinical signs and symptoms alone due to overlaps with other arboviruses that are endemic to similar areas. The symptoms of Zika are similar to those of dengue and chikungunya, diseases spread through the same mosquitoes that transmit Zika. RT-PCR testing be done on serum collected within 1 to 3 days of symptom onset or on saliva or urine samples collected during the first 3 to 5 days. Later on detection of specific IgM and IgG antibodies can be used. Zika antibodies cross-react with antibodies to dengue which is very widespread 16/06/2016
- 17. • No vaccineor medications are available to prevent or treat Zika infections. • Treat the symptoms: – Get plenty of rest – Drink fluids to prevent dehydration – Take medicines, such as acetaminophen or paracetamol, to relieve fever and pain • If you have Zika, avoid mosquito bites for the first week of your illness. – During the first week of infection, Zika virus can be found in the blood and passed from an infected person to another through mosquito bites. 17 Treatment 16/06/2016
- 18. 18 What is thedifference between Zika, dengue, and chikungunya? All of these viruses cause similar symptoms, but certain symptoms suggest one disease or another. Most Zika patients have skin rashes; Most dengue patients have a higher fever and more severe muscle pain; Most chikungunya patients have a higher fever and more intense joint pain in the hands, feet, knees, and back 16/06/2016
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- 22. 22 Reference: WHO Guidelines : http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/zika/en/ NationalGuidelines for Zika Virus disease : http://www.mohfw.nic.in/index1.php?lang=1&level=1&sublinkid=5794&lid=3704 Thank You ..16/06/2016